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高二必修五重点难点——时间、条件和让步状语从句

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2020-10-25 02:29
tags:时间状语从句

勇士英文-戚是多音字吗

2020年10月25日发(作者:欧阳菲菲)


Section Ⅱ Grammar
时间、条件和让步状语从句
时间、条 件和让步状语从句在高考中约占3分,考查形式主要有单选、完型填空、语篇填空
和改错,主要考察这三 种从句中的引导词、谓语动词。

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一、时间状语从句
1.no sooner...than与hardly...when
都表示主句与从句的动作相继发生,意为 “一……就……,刚刚……就”,主句动词用过去
完成时。如no sooner,hardly位于句首时,主句用倒装形式。
He had hardly gone to bed when the doorbell rang.
=Hardly had he gone to bed when the doorbell rang.
他刚睡下门铃就响了。
No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him.
他刚下火车,他女儿就向他跑了过来。
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2.as soon as,the moment,immediately
引导的从句表示从句动作一发生,主句动作随即发生,常译为“一……就”。名词词组the
second,the minute,the moment,every time,any time,next time,the firstlast time,the
dayweekmonth等亦可作连词,引导时间状语从句。
They told me about it as soon asimmediatelythe moment they got the message.他们一听到
口信就把消息告诉了我。
Every time he walked by the lake,he thought of his childhood life.每当他走过那个湖时,就会
想起童年的生活。
注意:immediately可用做连词也可用做副词。
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3.till和until
词义是“直到……,一直……为止”,表示一个动作持续到某一时 刻或某一动作发生为止,
在句首只能用until。在肯定句中,主句中要用延续性动词;在否定句中, 可以用非延续性
动词。
She stood there tilluntil he had passed out of sight.
她站在那里看着,直到望不见他的身影。
Until they had finished the work,they did not go home.
=Not until they had finished the work did they go home.
直到工作完成了他们才回家。
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注意:(1)在not...until结构中not until位于句首时主句部分倒装。在强调句 中,强调until
引导时间状语时,常把not提前,构成It isn’twasn’t until...that...。
(2)not...until和not...before意思 相同,表示“直到……才,在……以前不”。
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4.before和since
(1)若表达“还未……就……”“不到……就……”“…… 才……”“趁,还没来得及”时,
需用连词before。
He had put the broken vase away before his mother came back.
他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。
(2)It will be+时间段+before (does)“多久之后才……”。
It will be 3 days before our manager signs the agreement.
要过3天后经理才签那份协议。
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(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是 非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复
发生的动作。since从句的时态通常是一 般过去时,主句中的时态则通常是现在完成时或现
在完成进行时。
He has written to me frequently since I got sick.
自从我病了以后,他经常给我写信。
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(4)在It is+时间段+si nce从句句型中,时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束
时算起。
It is half a year since she was in our class.
她离开我们班有半年了。
It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟有三年了。
二、条件状语从句
1.if和unless
( 1)if意为“如果”,而unless意为“除非,如果不”。if...not与unless通常可互换, 但if可
引导非真实条件句(用虚拟语气),unless一般不表示非真实条件。
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(2)if引导的从句表示好的条件时,可用providing that,provided that,on condition that等
替换;表示不好的条件时,可用so(as)long as替换。
If I were you,I would go to university for further education.
我要是你,我会上大学接受更进一步的教育。
They have a meeting every Monday,unless there is nothing to discuss.他们每周一开一次会,
除非没有事情可商谈。
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2.supposing (假如),suppose (that)(假如),as (so) long as (只要),on condition that (在……
条件下),等引导从句,表示“如果,只要,在……条件下”等意义。in case引导从句,表
示“万一……”。
Supposing you are wrong,what will you do
假定你是错的,你怎么办
You can go out,as long as you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.只要你答应十一点钟前
回来,你就可以出去。
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3.only if引导从句用陈述语气,意为“只要……”;if only引导从句用虚拟语气,意为
“但愿……,要是……就好了”。
Only if we persist in carrying out the open?door policy,we will achieve greater success.
只要我们坚持实行开放政策,我们就会取得更大的成就。


If only I had known it,I wouldn’t have troubled him.
要是我早知道那件事,我就不会麻烦他了。
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4.祈使句+andor+句子,祈使句表示条件。
Give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。
三、让步状语从句
1.though,although,even if,even though
都有“虽然,即使,尽管”的意思,even if,even though语气较强,though 和although语
气较弱。though不如although正式;though可用于假设,a lthough用于陈述“事实”。
I had a good time althoughthougheven ifeven though I didn’t know anybody at the party.
尽管在聚会上我谁也不认识,但我还是玩得很高兴。
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注意:(1)though,although等不与but连用,但可在主句前 加yet,still。
(2)though从句中形容词、名词等为表语时,为加强语气可置于though前。
2.while也可引导让步从句,突出对比主句和从句所表示的两种情况。
While he is young,he is experienced.
他虽然年轻,却有经验。
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3.whether...or (not)可引导让步状语从句,提供两个对比的情况,意为“不管……”。
Whether it rains or not,I shall go out tomorrow.
不管下不下雨,明天我要出去。
4.whatever,whenever,whereve r,whoever,whichever,however也可以引导让步状语
从句,相当于no matter what (when,where,who,which,how),意思为:无论什么,无< br>论何时,无论何处,无论是谁,无论哪一个,无论如何。however引导让步状语从句时与它
所修饰的词在从句的句首。
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Whatever happens,we shall never lose heart.(=No matter what happens,we shall never lose
heart.)
无论发生什么,我们都不会失去信心。
5.as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装,结构如下:


形容词
?
?
副词
?
?
动词
?
+as+主语+谓语
?
分词
?
名词
?
?
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动词或现 在分词放在句首,谓语要加助动词do,does,did或will等;作表语的单数可数名
词置于句 首时,前不加冠词。
Patient as he was,he was unwilling to wait three hours.


他虽有耐心,但也不愿等三个小时。
Hard as she tried,she failed to pass the exam.
尽管她努力了,但还是没有通过考试。
Fail as he did,he would never give up.
尽管失败了,他也决不会放弃 。
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Ⅰ.句型转换
1.No matter when I see him,he is busy with his research work.
→________I see him,he is busy with his research work.
答案: Whenever
2.Until you told me about it,I had no idea of it.
→Not until you told me about it________I________an idea of it.
答案: did;have
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3.We had hardly walked into the hall when the lecture started.
→Hardly ________we walked into the hall________the lecture started.
答案: had;when
4.We learn English hard because it is being widely used at present.
→It is________English is being widely used at present________we learn it hard.
答案: because;that
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5.He left here for three years.
→It is three years________he lived here.
答案: since
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Ⅱ.单项填空
1.Only if________many different questions ________ acquire all the information you need to
know.
A.you ask;will you B.do you ask;will you
C.do you ask;you will D.you will ask;do you
解析: o nly+if从句置于句首,从句不倒装,主句应倒装,在条件状语从句中,从句常用
现在时表将来,主 句常用将来时,故选A。
答案: A
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2.________,he could not lift the box up.
A.As he might try
B.Try while he might
C.Try though he might


D.Might he as try
解析: 考查让步状语从句。as引导 让步状语从句必须倒装;though引导让步状语从句可
倒装也可不倒装,故选C。
答案: C
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3.How long do you suppose it is________he arrived there
A.when B.before
C.after D.since
解析: 句意为:你认为他到那儿有多久了since “自从”,引导的状语从句用一般过去时
态,主句用一般现在时态或现在完成时态,do you suppose为插入语。
答案: D
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4.________difficult it is,Yao Ming—manager of Shanghai Basketball Team,will do his best to
lead it to a higher level.
A.No matter what B.No matter how
C.No matter D.Although
解析: 根据句子结构排除C和D。C项后面需接引导词;D项后面的句子不能 倒装;A项
不能修饰形容词,故选B。
答案: B
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5.—Did Jack come back early last night
— was not eight o’clock________he arrived home.
A.before B.that
C.when D.until
解析: 句意为:——昨晚杰克回来得很早吗——是的,当他到家的时候还不到8点。when
从属连词,意为“当……的时候”。
答案: C
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6.Young ________ he is,he knows a great deal about advanced technology.
A.as B.although
C.so D.yet
解析: 句意为:他虽然年轻,但对先进的技术了解甚多。young as he is=althoughthough
he is young,相当于一个让步状语从句。
答案: A
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7.The American Civil War lasted four years________the North won in the end.
A.after B.before
C.when D.then
解析: 句意为:“美国内战持续了四年,北方才最终取得了胜利。”(在北方取得胜利之前,
美国内战持续了四年。)此处为before引导的时间状语从句,应注意句中before的翻译方法。
如It won’t be long before we meet again.我们不久就能见面了。
答案: B
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8.We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday______it rains or it’s very cold.


A.since B.if
C.unless D.until
解析: 句意为:除非下雨或天很冷,我们将在本周日去公园野餐。从句子之间的逻辑 关
系判断此处应为条件句,且为否定条件,相当于if...not,故排除if,而选unless。 A项since
表因果关系。D项until只能引导时间状语从句,故排除。
答案: C
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9.We were about to set off________it suddenly began to rain.
A.and B.but
C.when D.while
解析: 句意为:我们正要动身,这时突然下起雨来。be about to...when...常用搭配,正要……
这时突然……。
答案: C
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10.John fell asleep________ he was listening to the music.
A.after B.before
C.while D.immediately
解析: 句意为:“约翰在听音乐的时 候睡着了。在从句中动作是延续的,而且主句中的动
作是在从句动作延续的过程中发生的,故C项正确。 ”
答案: C
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11.You will be successful in the interview________you have confidence.
A.before B.once
C.until D.though
解析: 句意为:在面试中,当你有了信心,你就会成功的。B项once相当于when和as soon
as (一旦;当……时候;一……就);C项应用于not...until结构中;D项意为“尽管 、虽然”;
语意不正确。
答案: B
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12.—Mom,what did your doctor say
—He advised me to live________the air is fresher.
A.in where B.in which
C.the place D.where
解析: 句中live为不及物动词,故后应使用地点状语从句。B选项中的in which用来引导
定语从句,而该句中没有先行词,故不可用。
答案: D
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13.—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation
—I don’t mind where we go________there’s sun,sea and beach.
A.as if B.as long as
C.now that D.in order that
解析: 句意为:——暑假有什么打算——去什么地方都行,只要有阳光、大海和沙滩就
可以了。as long as只要,引导条件状语从句;as if好像;now that既然;in order that为了,
不符合语境要求。


答案: B
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14.________I enjoy the book with some nice pictures,I don’t have enough money to buy it.
A.Since B.While
C.As D.If
解析: since既然;while虽然;as由于;if如果,据句意答案选B。
答案: B
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15.________he took part in the competition,he won a gold medal.
A.For the first time B.At a time
C.At one time D.The first time
解析: 句意为:他第一次参加比赛就获得了金牌。for the first time第一次,不能引导从
句;at a time一次;at one time曾经,the first time可引导时间状语从句,意为“第一次做……
时”。
答案: D
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16.(2010·上海卷)________our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club,we shall accept
him as a member.
A.Until B.Unless
C.If D.After
解析: 句意为:除非我们经理反对汤姆加入俱乐部,不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。
答案: B
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17.(2010·陕西卷)John thinks it won’t be long________he is ready for his new job.
A.when B.after
C.before D.since
解析: 所填词before引导状语从句,构成It(will)be+时间段+状语从句,意思是“ 过多
久才将……”。
答案: C
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18.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by
a bird.
A.when B.if
C.and D.till
解析: 考查固定句型。be about to do...when...表示“就要做某事时突然……”。
答案: A
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19.(2010·湖南卷)Tim is in good shape physically ________ he doesn’t get much exercise.
A.if B.even though
C.unless D.as long as
解析: 句意为:“尽管Tim不经常锻炼,但他身体很好。”前后是让步转折关系,故选B。
答案: B
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20.(2010·重庆卷)Today,we will begin________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be


left out.
A.when B.where
C.how D.what
解析: 句意为:“今天,为了不遗漏要点,我们从昨天结束的地方开始。”where引导地点
状语从句。
答案: B

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