状语从句讲解及习题附答案

（一）状语从句概述
定义
位置
状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。
状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后 ，
时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用
逗号和主句隔开。
分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、
让步、方式和比较等状语从句。
作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句
子。

（二）状语从句详解
1. 时间状语从句
引导词
when
用法
意为“当…的时候 ”。When
引导从句的谓语动词可以
是延续性动词，也可以是
瞬间动词。并且whe n有
时表示“就在那时”
示例
A liar is not believed when he
speaks the truth.说谎者讲真话
时也没有人相信。
When he arrives
, I’ll call you.
When you laugh and smile,
your body relaxes.
while
意为“在…的时候，在…
的同时”。While引导从句
的谓语 动词必须是延续性
的，发生时间较长，并强
调主句和从句的动作同时
发生（或者相对应 ）。While
有时还可以表示对比。
While I was standing at the
window, I saw several boys
running along the street.
While John was watching TV,
his wife was cooking.

as
意为“一边 …一边…”。
As引导的动作是延续性
的，发生时间较短，一般
用于主句和从句动作同 时
发生；as也可以强调一前
一后。
The writer was angry as he was
travelling on a train to London
because someone had invaded
his “space”.
He smiled as he stood up.
after
意为“在… 之后”。表示主
句动作发生在从句动作之
后。主句与从句的动作时
间关系与befor e引导的从
句相反。
With many hungry visitors
waiting, don’t stay too long at
your table after you have
finished.
If an early exit is necessary,
you can leave after a scene is
over.
before
意为“在…之前”。引导的
从句不用否定形式 的谓
语，并且当before引导的
从句位于主句之后，有时
译成“就，才”。当主句 用
将来时，从句总是用现在
时；如果before引导的从
句谓语用的是过去时，则< br>主句动词多用过去完成
时，这样以便体现动作的
先后。
You can’t watch TV before you
finish your homework.
Before it ended, the theatre was
almost empty.
My father had left for Canada
just before the letter arrived.
till
意为“直到”。一般情 况下
可以和until互换。如果主
句中的谓语动词是瞬时动
词时，必须用否定形式；
如果主句中的谓语动词是
She didn’t even know that it
was an earthquake till she saw a
shaking ( moving from side to
side) light.
The fireman worked very hard

延续性动词时，用肯定和
否定形式都可以，但表达
的意思不同。
until
意为“直到”。在强调句型
中多用until。如果主句中
的谓 语动词是瞬时动词
时，必须用否定形式；如
果主句中的谓语动词是延
续性动词时，用肯 定和否
定形式都可以，但表达的
意思不同。
since
意为“自从，从… 以来”。
引导从句的谓语动词可以
是延续性的动词，也可以
是瞬时动词。一般情况下，
从句谓语动词用一般过去
时，而主句的谓语动词用
现在完成时。但在It is +
时间+since从句的句型
中，主句多用一般现在时。
as soon as
意为“一…就…”。引导时
间状语从句时，如果主句
用了将来时，从句一般使
用现在时。





till the fire was out.
I’m waiting for my sister. I
won’t go to see my uncle until
she comes.
Wait until I finish what I am
doing.
I have been studying hard since
I entered the high school.
It is four years since my sister
lived in Beijing.
It is five years months since our
boss was not in Beijing.
Tom will call me as soon as he
gets home.
I will call you as soon as I
arrive.

2.地点状语从句

引导词
where
用法
意为“哪里”。“where引导
的地点状语从句，（there+）
主句”“哪里… 哪里就…”。
主句在从句后面时，there
可用可不用；主句在从句的
前面时，一般 都不用there.
示例
Where there is a will, there is
a way.
They were good persons.
Where they went, there they
were warmly welcomed.
You should have put the
book where you found it.
wherever
意为“无论何地”。
anywherewherever引导地
点状语从句+主句。
anywhere本身是个副 词，但
是常可以引导从句，相当于
连词，意思相当于wherever,
anywh ere引导的从句可位
于主句之前，也可以位于主
句之后。而wherever本身就
是个连词，表示“在何处，
无论何处”。










Wherever the sea is, you will
find seaman.
I’ll go anywhere you go.

3.条件状语从句

引导词
if
用法
连词，意为“假如，如果”。
当主句是将来时的时候，
从句要用一般现在时。
示例
Don’t talk loudly at the
meeting. If you do, you will
have to leave.
We’ll go for a picnic if it
doesn’t rain this weekend.
unless
连词，意为“除非（=if
not）。当主句是将来时的
时候，从句要用一般现在
时。
Don’t discuss the problems
with your partner unless you
are asked to do so.
I won’t go there unless you
come with me.
4.原因状语从句
引导词
as
用法
意为“因为”。引导原因状
语从句时表示附带。说明
“ 双方已知的原因”，语气
比since弱，较为正式，
位置较为灵活（常放于主
句之前 ）。
since
意为“因为”。引导的原因
状语从句一般放于主句之
前表 示已知的、显然的理
由（通常被翻译成“既
然”），较为正式，语气比
because 弱。
示例
As the weather is cold, I stay at
home.
As it is raining, you’d better
take a taxi.
As you are tired, you’d better
rest.
Since the earth looks like a
ball, the sun can shine on only
half of it at a time.
Since the race is in April, I had
to run throughout the winter,
and in Boston, winters are cold.
Since everybody is here. Let's
begin our meeting.

because
意为“因为”。引导的原因
状语从句一般放于主句之
后，表述直接原因，语气
较强，最适合why引导的
疑问句。Because引导的< br>原因状语从句有时可以与
because of短语互换。
The woman prefers winter
because she can skate.
I’d like to collect stamps
because they are interesting.
I’m very tired these days
because of studying physics.
He can’t come because he is ill.
= He can’t come because of his
illness.
for
意为“因为”。引导的原因
状语从句并 不说明主句行
为发生的直接原因，只提
供一些辅助性的补充说
明，for引导的原因状 语从
句只能放于主句之后，并
且必须用逗号将其与主句
隔开。
He must be ill, for he is absent
today.

He could not have seen me, for
I was not there.

5.目的状语从句
引导词
so that
用法
意为“以至，以便”。目
的状语的谓语常含有
may, might, can, could,
should, would等情态动
词。
in order
that
意为“为了”，相当于so
that. in order to后面可以
跟动词原形构成目的状
语，不是目的状语从句。
示例
Try to speak loud enough so that
people can hear you clearly.
Mr. Green speaks very loudly so
that all the people can hear him
clearly.
We shall let you know the
details soon in order that you
canmay make a arrangements.

6.结果状语从句
引导词
so…that
用法
意为“如此…以至于…”。
so+ .原级+that, so是
副词，只能修饰形容词和副
词。so还可与表示数量的形
容词many, few, much,
little(这四个形容词表示多
或少时)连用,形成固定搭
配。so+ many 或few+复数
可数名词+that; so+ much或
little+不可数名词+that.
示例
This year it has rained so
heavily in South China that
lots of problems are caused.
The ice on the lake was so
thin that people couldn’t
skate on it.
Too often, we spend so much
time thinking about the future
that we fail to enjoy the
present.
There are so few notebooks
that I can’t give you any.
such..that
意为“如此…以至于…”。
有三种结构：
It’s such a wonderful song
that we all like it.
Simon is such dishonest
person that no one believes
him.
The boy is so young that he
can’t go to school.= He is
such a young boy that he
can’t go to school.
such+a(an)+adj.+单数不可
数名词+that; such(+adj.)+不
可数名词+that; such( + adj.)
+复数可数名词+that, such
是形容词，修饰名词或名词
词组。有时可与so…that句
型转换。