对面的英语-朝韩炮击
状语从句连接词
时间状语从句:
常用引导词:when, as,
while, as soon as, before, after,
since ,
till, until
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the
second, every time, the
day,the instant,
immediately , directly, no sooner ? than,
hardly ?when, scarcely ? when instantly
地点状语从句:
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever,
anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be
heavily polluted where there are
factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形
成了固定的句型:
句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
【注意】此句型
通常译成“哪里??哪里就??”;主句在从句后面
时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面
时,一般都不用there。例
如:
Where there is no
rain, farming is difficult or
impossible.
在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。
句型2:Anywhere wherever+地点从句,+主句。
【注意】any
where本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连
词,意思相似于wherever,
anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以
位于主句之后。
而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。
例如:
Wherever the sea is , you will find
seamen.有海就有海员。
原因状语从句:
常用引导词:because=in that, since=now that(既然), as,
for(补充说明)
特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in
that, considering that,
given that(考虑到).
目的状语从句:
常用引导词:so that, in order that
特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that(唯恐生怕),in the
hope that(带着..希望), for the purpose
that(带着..目的), to the
end that
结果状语从句:
常用引导词:so ? that, such ?
that,
特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that,
to the extent that,
to such a degree that,
条件状语从句:
常用引导词:if, unless,
特殊引导词:asso long as
(只要), only if,
providingprovided that(倘若), supposing
that
(倘若), in case that(以防), on condition that
让步状语从句:
常用引导词:though, although, even
if, even though
(即使)
特殊引导词:
as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一
般用在句首 ),no matter
?, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever,
whoever, wherever, whenever, however,
whichever,as if=as though(仿
佛)
比较状语从句:
常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more ? the more ? just as ?, so?; A
is to B what as X is to Y(A对B来说,像X对Y一样); no ?
more
than; not A so much as B
方式状语从句:
常用引导词:as, as if, how
特殊引导词:the way
10. 状语从句的简化
?状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;②
从句主
要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如:
When ( the
museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to
the public next year .
He’ll go to the
seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外,比较状语从句经常省略。例如:
I’m taller than he
(is tall ).
The higher the temperature
(is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就状语从句
而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行简化。状语从
句的简化现象在口语中较为普遍,而
且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其
进行全面、透彻的了解。
状语从句的简化现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if,
unless等引导的条
件状语从句;②由although, though, even if
though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when,
while, as, before,
after, until till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as
if等引导的方式状
语从句;⑤由as,
than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:
If
(it is) possible, he will help you out of the
difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱
困境。
You must
attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to
you.除非情况对你来说不
方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2)当状语从句的主
语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常
用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned
how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
Whenever
(she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll
regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
b.连词+名词
While (he
was) a young boy, he was always ready to help
others.他在孩提时代就乐
于助人。
Although (he was) a
farmer, now he is a famous
director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在
是位著名的导演了。
c.连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the
river bank, she was singing a pop
song.她沿着河堤
边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although (he is)
doing his best in maths these days, he has still
got no good marks.尽
管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
d.连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us
unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一
道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it
was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得
了巨大成功。
e.连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say
something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。He
wouldn't solve the
problem even if (he were) to take
charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了
这个问题。
f. 连词+介词短语
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独
立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people
went out of the meeting-
room.当会
议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over,
She looked anxious as though (she was)
in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。