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(完整版)中考英语语法状语从句考点(中考真题例题)

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2020-10-25 02:59
tags:时间状语从句

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2020年10月25日发(作者:齐豫)


中考英语语法:状语从句
一、时间状语从句
在时间状语从句中,通常要用动 词的一般现在时态表示将来时,用一般过
去时表示过去将来式。时间状语从句常用连词有: when, as, while, whenever, after,
before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner …
than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。
1. 考查when, while, as引导,表示“当……时候”.
【考例】一Mum,____shall we have lunch?
——We will have it when your dad__________. [07连云港市]
A when;returns B where returns C.where;will return
D.when;will return
[答案]A.[解析] 答语中when引导了一个 时间状语从句,主句用了一般将来时态,
所以从句用一般现在时态,可见正确答案在A与B之中。既然答 语用了时间状语
来回答,可见问句询问的也一定是时间,从而确定正确答案为A。
2. before 的用法:before的本意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“还没
来得及 还没有……就……,趁着还没……就……,不知不觉就……,……才……”
等。如:
【考例】Could you please give me your e-mail address _________you go? [昆明市]
A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until
[答案]B.[解析]这四个词(组)都可以引导时间状语从句,as soon as一……就.be fore
在……之前;after在……之后;until直到……才。分析句子可以看出句意为“在< br>你走之前把你的电子邮件地址给我好吗?”
2.until 和till 的用法:与肯定式的主句连用,主句谓语必须是延续性动词,till until
表示“……直到……”;与否定式的主句连用,且主句谓语是非延缓性动词时,till
until表示“直到……才……”。其强调句型为“not…until” ,位于句首时要采用倒
装形式。如:
【考例】一Hurry up.The bus is coming.
——Oh。no.We mustn't cross the street ____the traffic lights are green.[福州市]
A. after B since C while D.until
[答案]D .[解析]本题应从句意人手。until常用于否定句中,构成…until结
构,意为“直到……才……”,该句意为“直到交通灯变绿,我们才能穿过马路”。
The kids didn't start to fly kites in the playground _________the rain stopped. [成都
市]
A. if B. until C. whenever
[答案]B.[解析] not…until…直到……才。“直到雨停孩子们才可以去操场放风筝”,
--Look! Here comes our school bus.
--No hurry. Don't get on it _________it has stopped. [安徽省]
A. until B. after C. since D. when
A.[解析]句中有don't,可想not...until为固定结构,意为“直到……才……”。
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二、条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if ,unless(=if …not如果不……,除非),asso long
as ,while(=as long as 只要),supposing(that),providedproviding(that),in case(假使),
on condition that(在……的条件下)等。如:
【考例】__you go to bed earlier, you won't feel tired in the mornings.[沈阳市]
A. Unless B Because C.If
D.When
[答案]C .[解析]考查if引导的条件状语从句。“假如你早一点上床睡觉,那么你
在上午就不会感到累。”
You won't pass your exams ___________ you work harder. [广东省]
A. when B. if C. unless D.
after
[答案]C .[解析]when,after一引导的是时间状语从句, 不合题意;if,unless引
导的是条件状语从句,If不合句意,“除非你更加努力地学习,否则 ,你不会通过
考试”。故用unless。

三、让步状语从句
用来引导让步地点状语从句的从属连词有:though,although,even if/though,
while(虽然、尽管),for a11(that)(尽管)wheth er...or(不论/不管……还是……))
以及“疑问词+ever(whatever,wher ever,whoever,however,)”和 “no matter +
疑问词”等。
【考例】—Shall we go on working?
—Yes , I prefer to have a rest . (2004江西省南昌)
A.when B.if C.because D.though
[答案]: D
[命题立意]:本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。
[试题解析]:依据上句:我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会。
Edison never gave up, he failed many times. (2004四川)
A.and B.though C.or
[答案]: B
[命题立意]:本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。
[试题解析]:依据题意:即使 爱迪生失败多次,他也决不放弃。though用来引导
让步状语从句。故选B。

四、目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that , in order that (为了,以便);in case(以防,
以免),lest(免得,以防),for fear that(以免,惟恐)等。从句中一般含有can , could,
may,
might ,will, would等情态动词。如:
【考例】一More and more people in Beijing are learning English _______they can
better serve the 2008 0lympic Games.
一I'm sure they will.[宜昌市]
A.because of B so that C.even though D.as if
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[答案]B.[解析] 本题也应从句意人手。越来越多的人学习英语,“为的是”能更
多更好地为奥运服务。so that引导一个目的状语从句。

五、结果状语从句
【考例】The camera is expensive I can’t afford it. (2004辽宁
本溪)
A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D.
enough, that
[答案]: A
[命题立意]:本题考查从属连词引导结果状语从句的用法。
[试题解析]:依据题意:这照 相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive为形容词,so…that…
句中要用形容词或副词;su ch…that…要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从
句。故选A。
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【语法回顾】
状语从句的分类。
1. 时间状语从句用法要点。
(1)as、when、while用法一览表。
类别 作 用 例 句
as表示“当……的时候”,往往和She came up as I was cooking.(同
when while通用,但它着重强调时)
as
主句与从句的动作或事情同时或The runners started as the gun
几乎同时发生。 went off.(几乎同时)
(at or during the time that )既可以It was raining when we
表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在arrived.(指时间点)
whe
某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作When we were at school, we
n
或事情可以同时发生也可以先后went to the library every day.(在
发生。 一段时间内)
while意思是“当……的时候”或
Please don’t talk so loud while
“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动
others are working.
作或事情在从句中的动作或事情
whilHe fell asleep whilewhen
的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词
e reading. Strike while the iron is
一般要用延续性动词。在when表
hot.(用as或when不可,这里的
示a period of time时,两者可以互
while意思是“趁……”)
换。
凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until, as
soon as, while 等,具体用法如下:
1. when 意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同
时或先后发生。例如:
I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你(们)来看我时,我感到很高兴。
When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你(们)过街道时,一定要小
心。
when引导的时间状语从句,when的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词。
例如:
He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。
Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。
I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时,我将去看望我的好友。
I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时,我为一家外
国企业工作。
注:when也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外
一件事。
I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help. 我正在河边钓鱼,就在那时
有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out. 我们正在
化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。
2. before 意为“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句
的动作之前。例如:
We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前,我们打
扫了教室。
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He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。
after 意为“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动
作之后。例如:
After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about. 你(们)用过了塑料袋之
后,不准到处乱扔。
He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。
注:若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,
例如上面的第 二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.
3. since引导的时间状语从句,译为“自从……”,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用
一 般过去时。例如:
We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起,我们
已经包了许多饺子了。
We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。
注:常用句型:It is +时间段+since从句 译为:自从……有多长时间了。例如:
It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时
间了。
4. until 意为“直到……时”,引导时间状语 从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的
动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式 ;当主句的谓
语动词是非持续性动词时,从句常用否定形式, not... until... 意为“直到……
才……”,这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如:
I'll stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里,直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可
以持续)
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to
bed 表示的动作不能持续)
5. as soon as 意为“一……就……”,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就发
生。例如:
I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。
6. while引导的时间状语从句,常译为“与……同时 ,在……期间”,while的从句
中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。例如:
They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲
了进来。
Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游
戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车。
注:while也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然而”。 例如:
I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐,而我的
兄弟爱好运动。
7. till和until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……为止”,not … till until引导 的
时间状语从句,译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性动词,
后者强调主 句动作的开始,用点动词。例如:
I will wait for my friend until till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。
We won't start our discussion until till he comes. 我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的
讨论。
2. 条件状语从句用法要点。
我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,
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表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行
车去那里。
If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点
看病。
3. 地点状语从句用法要点。常用where(哪里)和wherever(无论哪里)例如:
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。
4. 原因状语从句用法要点。
常用的引导连词有because, as和since。三者的区别是:在回答问题的时候,
使用be cause;对于显而易见的原因,常用as或since;as和since的从句常放在
主句之前, 而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg.
Why did you go? I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我
去。
He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise. 他很生气不是
因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音。
As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里。
Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上
班了。
5. 目的状语从句用法要点。
常用的引导连词有so that, that和in order that译为:以便,为了,目的是。例
如:
Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点,以便我们能作
详细笔记。
I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来,以免
忘记。
I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空
信发出,以便他能及时收到。
注:目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语eg.
We work harder than usual finish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周
内完成工作。


三:主句与从句时态一致的问题。
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列
两种情况:
1. 若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词,或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时,那
么从句用一 般现在时表示一般将来时。例如:
Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。
Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话,请举
手。
The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时,车辆必须停下。
2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去,那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如:
She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。
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【语法过关】
1.I was drawing a horse ____the teacher came in.
A. while B. as C. when D. the
moment
2.Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris' Charles De
Gaulle Airport __ the whole roof(屋顶)fell down.
A. while B. as soon as C. when D. after
3.You will stay healthy _______ you do more exercise, such as running and walking.
A. if B. how C. before D. where
4.---Shall we go on working?
---Yes, _________ I prefer to have a rest.
A. when B. if C. because D. though
5.None of us knew what had happened _________ they told us about it.
A. when B. until C. after D.
though
6.---I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear!
---Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a call _________ I get there.
A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till
7.The camera is expensive I can’t afford it.
A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D.
enough, that
8.I never seem to lose any weight, hard I try.
A. even though B. no matter how C. as if D. ever since
9.—Shall we go on working?
—Yes , I prefer to have a rest .
A.when B.if C.because
D.though
10.Edison never gave up, he failed many times.
A.and B.though C.or
11.The policeman asked the child cross the street the traffic lights
turned green.
A.not; when B.don’t; before C.not to; until
12.---It’s time to go to bed ,Li Ming.
---Mum, I have a lot of homework to do ,I won’t go to bed I finish it
A .after soon as D .since
13.You should make a good plan ______ you do anything important.
A. before B. after C. though D. until
14.________ they are brothers, they don’t look like each other at all.
A. Because B. Though C. When D. As
15。I enjoy learning English, ____ it takes me a lot of time.
if e

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【参考答案】
1。答案C 解析:when为并列连词“这时”(=and then),句 意为:我们正当我在
画马的时候,这是老师进来了。while表示“正当……时”,用于同时进行的动 作。
2.答案C 解析:依据题结构,be doing sth…when…表示“正在……这时……”
的意思。故选C。
3.答案A 解析: 从意思上看,从句应是一个条件状语从句,在这四个选项中只
有if能引导条件状语从句,所以选A。
4.答案D 解析: 从意思上看,只有选though才能说得通。
5.答案B 解析: 本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着
一意思应用“not…until” 这一句型。
6.答案B 解析: 本题的意思是“一到那里,我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意
思应选用as soon as。
7.答案A 解析:依据题意:这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive为形容
词,s o…that…句中要用形容词或副词;such…that…要用形容词修饰名词。其他两
项不能引起 从句。故选A。
8.答案]B 解析:依据题意:无论我如何努力,好像也没有减肥。
9.答案 D 解析:依据上句:我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会。
10.答案 B 解析:依据题意:即使爱迪生失败多次,他也决不放弃。though用
来引导让步状语从句。故选B。
11.答案C 解析:until用在否定句中,主要动词一般是终止性的,表示这个动词的动作直到till(until)所表示的时间才发生。故选C。
12.答案 B 解析:until用 在否定句中,主要动词一般是终止性的,表示这个动词的动作直
到till(until)所表示的时间 才发生。故选C。
13.答案 A 解析:依据题意:在你做重要的事情之前,应该做好计划。表示“在……
之前”的意思,故应选用A。
14。答案B 解析:依据题意:尽管他们是兄弟,但他们彼此一点都不像。引导让步
状语从句 ,应选B。15。答案B解析:依据题意:尽管他花费了我很多时间,但我
还是喜欢学英语。应选B。
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