手工英语-449
状语从句
状语从句在句中作状语,可分为:时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、
结果、比较、地点、方式状语从句。
一、时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有:when, as, while, until,
not…until, before, after, since, the minute,
the moment, each (every, next, the first)
time等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去
时。
, while,
as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。
(1) when
Eg:
When I arrived home , I had a little rest.
注意:
when 从句的主语与主句主语相同,谓语动词是be 动词时,从句主语和be可以省略。
Eg: When (she was) walking along the street,
she met her class teacher.
(2) as
除了表示“当```的时候”,还可表示为“一面```一面”,“随着”
Eg: He sang
as he danced. (一面```一面)
You will grow wiser as
you grow older. (随着)
(3)while 表示“当...的时候”强调主句的
动作和从句的动作同时发生,从句一般用进行时,从
句动词必须是延续性动词。
Eg:
While we were working, they were having a rest.
While (they were) having a discussion, they
got very confused.
注意:
while
有对比的含义,解释为“然而”。
Eg: I prefer black tee,
while he likes coffee.
2. until, not…un
til表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词;在否定句中主句常用
短暂性动词。
肯定句:I waited until midnight.
否定句:I did not
leave until midnight.
注意
(1)not
until…在句首,主句用倒装
Eg: Not until you had
explained how did I manage to do it.
(2)It is
not until…that…引导的强调句
Eg: It was not until it
was dark that he came back.
3. the minute, the
moment, each time都可表示“一```就```”
Eg: The worker
recognized the type of the machine the moment he
saw it.
注意:
the minute, the moment, each (
every, next, the first) time作连词不和when 连用。
4.Hardlyscarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon
as表示为“一```就```”
Eg: I had hardlyscarcely got
home when it began to rain.
I had no
sooner got home than it began to rain.
It
began to rain as soon as I got home.
注意:
Hardly Scarcely…when, no
sooner…than位于句首,主句用倒装
Eg: Had I hardlyscarcely
got home when it began to rain.
No
sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
二、条件状语从句
条件状语从句分为两大类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有:if, even
if though, unless if …not, as long as
so long as, as far as so far as, provided
providing (that),
on condition that
等。条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时。
1. unless
和if…not
unless 相当于if…not
Eg: You will
fail unless you study hard.
You will not
fail if you study hard.
注意:
在虚拟条件句中可用if…not,但不能用unless
Eg: If she were
not too silly, she would understand.
2.
引导条件状语从句的其它连词:
Eg: You may go there, as long
as you keep quite.
Eg: I shall give you the
book on condition that you return it tomorrow.
Eg: I will go provided that you go too.
三、让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有:though, although,
even if though, however, no matter how, no
matter what, no matter who等。
1. though,
although不可与but连用,但可以和yet , still连用.
Eg: Though
Although it is raining ,they are still running
outside.
注意:
(1)though可引导倒装(although不引导倒装),结构为:
强调对象+asthough+主语+其它成分
【强调对象可为表语(名词、形容词)或状语(副词),表语为名词时,前面不用冠词。】
Eg: Child as though he was, he knew what was
the right thing to do.
Tired as he is, he goes
on with his work.
2. despite和in spite
of也有让步意义,后接名词或动词,而though, although是连词,后接从句。
Eg: Despite In spite of wanting to see him
again, she refused to reply to his letter.
Though Although she wanted to see him again, she
refused to reply to his letter.
3. “no
matter+疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”
Eg: No matter what
happened, he would not mind.
Whatever
happened, he would not mind.
注意:
no
matter+疑问词不能引导名词性从句
4. even if though表示“即使”
Eg: He doesn’t want to marry her even if
though he loves her very much.
四、原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词有:because, since, as , now that
,considering that, for the reason
that , due
to the fact that,owing to the fact that等。
1.
because 语气最强,通常用于回答why 提出的问题。
注意:
在It
was…that…的强调结构中,强调原因状语从句可用because引导,不用since,as,
for
引导。
Eg: It is because she is too
inexperienced that she does not know how to deal
with the situation.
2. since和as
since的语气比b
ecause弱,比as强,表示间接的、已知的原因,自然的结果,表示“既然,
由于”。
Eg: As Since you are not very well, you had
better have a rest.
3. for
表示原因关系时,for分句是对第一分句内容的推断或猜测。
Eg: It must have
rained last night, for the ground is wet now.
五、目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that, in
order that, lest, in case, for fear that等。
Eg:
You must speak louder so that in order that you
can be heard by all.
He wrote the name
down for fear that he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is
cold.
注意:
lest, in case, for fear that所引导的
状语从句中,动词可以用虚拟语气,形式为should+
动词原形,也可不用虚拟语气,用动词的一般
现在时或一般过去时。
Eg: You had better leave the key at
home in case one of us should think of thinks of
coming
back.
六、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有:so
that, so…that, such…that等
Eg: He is so young
that he can not go to school.
He is
such a young boy that he can not go to school.
1. 常用句型:
so+形容词副词+that从句
so+形容词+aan+单数可数名词+that从句
such
+aan+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句
such
+形容词+复数可数名词不可数名词+that从句
2. so和such的搭配规律
such修饰名词或名词词组,so修饰形容词或副词,so还可接many, few, much,
little等。
Eg: so foolish such a
fool
so nice a flower such a
nice flower
so manyfew
flowers such nice flowers
so
muchlittle money such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
七、比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的连词有:as…as, than, not
so…as, the more…the more等
Eg: He speaks
English as fluently as his brother (does)
I
can’t jump so as high as he (does)
There are
more workers in this factory than in the one next
to it .
The more you read, the more
interesting , you will find the novel is.
注意:
连接词than 可作为关系代词用。
Eg: He wrote more than
was necessary
Don’t carry more money than is
needed
八、地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词有where,
wherever以及where构成的复合词等。
Eg: She found her
calculator where she lost it.
Wherever
I am, I will miss you.
注意:
Eg: I happened
to see your dictionary lie where I used it last
time.(地点状语从句)
I happened to see your
dictionary lie in the lab where I used it last
time.(定语从句)
九、方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连接词有as, just as, as if
though(一般用虚拟语气,也有用直陈语气
的)等。
Eg:Just do as
you are told.
The workers went on working as
if nothing had happened.
He talked to the
girl as though he had fallen in love with her.
在just as... , so...
结构中,as带有比喻含义,意为“正如”,多用于正式文体。
Eg: Just as some
people like sports, so some people like music.
the way 也可引导方式状语从句 。
Eg: You should
operate the machine the way I do .
基础题
1. We'd better hurry ______
it is getting dark. 时间
2. A. and
B. but C. as D. unless
3. I
didn't manage to do it _____ you had explained
how. 条件
4. A. until B. unless
C. when D. before
5. 3._____ he comes,
we won't be able to go. 条件
6. A. Without
B. Unless C. Except D. Even
7. 4. I
hurried _____ I wouldn't be late for class. 结果
8. A. since B. so that C. as
if D. unless
9. 5. _____ I catch a
cold, I have pain in my back. 时间
10. A.
Every time B. Though C. Even D.
Where
11. 6. What's the matter _____ they
still haven't answered the telegram? 原因
12. A. when B. that C.
though D. however
13. 7. Bring it nearer
_____ I may see it better. 目的
14. A.
although B. even though C. so that D.
since
15. 8. You may arrive in Beijing early
_____ you mind taking the night train. 条件
16. A. that B. though C.
unless D. if
17. 9. Helen listened
carefully _____ she might discover exactly what
she needed. 目的
18. A. in that B.
in order that C. in case D. even though
19. 10. More people will eat out in
restaurants _____ they do today. 时间
20.
A. than B. when C. while
D. as
21. 11._____ hard she tries, she can
hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.
让步
22. A. Much B. However C.
As D. Although
23. 12. Poor _____ it
may be, there is no place like home, _____ you may
go. 让步
24. A. as; wherever B. though;
whenever C. in spite of; when D. that;
wherever
25. 13. The child was __ immediately
after supper. 结果
26. A. enough tired to
go to bed B. too tired to go to bed
27.
C. so tired that he went to bed D. very
tired, he went to bed
28. 14. The history of
nursing __ the history of man. 比较
29. A.
as old as B. is old than C. that is as
old as D. is as old as
30. 15.
_____ born in Chicago, the author was famous for
his stories about New York. 让步
31. A. Since
B. Once C. When D. Although
32. 16._____ we stood at the top of the
building, the people below were hardly visible.
原因
33. A. As B. Although C.
Unless D. In spite of
34. 17. Scarcely
was George Washington in his teens _____ his
father died. 时间
35. A. than B.
as C. while D. when
36.
18. _____ David goes, he is welcome. 让步
37.
A. Whichever B. However C. Wherever
D. Whatever
38. 19. The house stood _____
there had been a rock. 地点
39. A. which
B. at which C. when D. where
40.
20. Small _____ it is, the pen is a most useful
tool. 让步
41. A. because B. so
C. if D. as
42. 21. After the new
technique was introduced, the factory produced
_____ tractors in 1988 as the
year before.
比较
43. A. as twice many B. as many twice
C. twice as many D. twice many as
44. 22.
The piano in the other shop will be _____, but
_____. 比较
45. A. cheaper; not as better
B. more cheap; not as better
46. C. cheaper;
not as good D. more cheap; not as good
47. 23. John plays football _____, if not
better than David. 比较
48. A. as well
B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
49. 24. Although he is considered a great
writer, _____. 让步
50. A. his works are
not widely read B. but his works are
not widely read
51. C. however his works are
not widely read D. still his works are not
widely read
52. 25. ___ the day went on, the
weather got worse. 时间
53. A. With
B. Since C. While D. As
54.
26. —What was the party like? 时间
55.
—Wonderful. It' s years _____ I enjoyed myself so
much.
56. A. after B. when
C. before D. since
57. 27. It was not
_____ she took off her dark glasses _____ I
realized she was a famous film star.
时间
58. A. when; that B. until; that
C. until; when D. when; then???
59. 28. If we work with a strong will,
we can overcome any difficulty, _____ great it is.
让步
60. A. what B. how
C. however D. whatever
61. 29. After
the war, a new school building was put up _____
there had once been a theatre. 地点
62. A.
that B. where C. which
D. when
63. 30._____, Mother will wait for him
to have dinner together. 让步
64. A.
However late is he B. However he is
late
65. C. However is he late
D. However late he is
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提高题
1.
—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun,
sea and beach.(2008全国I卷)
A. as if B. as
long as C. now that
2. -----Do you have a
minute? I’ve got something to tell you.
-----OK, ______ you make it short.(2008安徽卷)
A. now that B. if only C. so
long as D. every time
3. All the
neighbor admire this family _________the parents
are treating their child like a
friend.
(2008安徽卷)
A. why B.
where C. which D. that
4.
Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited
her friends in Sydney last year.(2008福建卷)
A. that B. which C. when
D. where
5. _____ the Internet is of great
help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too
much time on it.
(2008湖南卷)
A.?If
B. While C. Because D.
As
(as引导让步状语从句要倒装)
6. He found it
increasingly difficult to read, ______ his
eyesight was beginning to fail.(2008山东
卷)
A. though
A. even if
B.
for
B. which
C. but
C.
where
D. so
D. so that
D. However
D. although
7. You’d better not leave the
medicine ______ kids can get at it.(2008山东卷)
8. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able
to finish off this loaf of bread.(2008辽宁卷)
A.
Whatever
A. once
国II)
A. once
B. because C. if D. unless
11. There were some chairs left over _____
everyone had sat down. (四川卷)
A. when
B. until C. that D. where
12.
Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred
percent sure.(2008浙江卷)
A. whether B.
after C. how D. unless
13.
—Did you return Fred’s call? (2008北京卷)
—I
didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. though B. unless C. when
D. because
14. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting
so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian
get back.(2008北
京卷)
B. Whenever
B. when
C. Wherever
C. since
9. I
used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I
don’t feel it that way any more. (2008辽宁卷)
10.
A small car is big enough for a family of three
____ you need more space for baggage.(2008全
D.
in order that
A. before B. since
C. till D. after
15. We’ll have a
picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or
it’s very cold. (2008天津卷)
A. since B.
if C. unless D. until
16.
---Are you ready for Spain(2008上海卷)
---Yes, I
want the girls to experience that _____ they are
young.
A. while B. until C. if
D. before
17. _____ well prepared you are ,
you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
(2008上海卷)
A. however B. whatever C. no
matter D. although
18. _____ he had not
hurt his leg, John would have won the race. (2007
全国卷II)
A. If B. Since
C. Though D. When
19. Pop music is such
an important part of society _____ it has even
influenced our language. (2007
上海卷)
A. as
B. that C. which D. where
sailboats can easily turn over in the water
_____ they are not managed carefully.
(2007上
海卷)
A. though B. before
C. until D. if
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