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专题五 状语从句
I、重点难点解析
状语从句是由从句担任的
状语,在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可以用
来表示时间、地点、
原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、
目的等状语
从句,不同的状语从句所使用的连接词也各不相同。见下表:
状语从句名称
时间状语从句
连接词
when, as, while, whenever, after,
before, till (until), since, once, as soon as
(或the moment ), by the
time, no sooner … than,
hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
让步状语从句
where 和wherever
if, unless, so
(as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as,
if only ( = if )
because, since, as, now
that(既然)
so that (从句谓语一般没有情态动词), so … that,
such … that
so, so that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order
that, in case(以防,以免)
although, though, as,
even if (though), however, whatever, whether … or,
no matter who (when,
what, …) 等
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
than, so (as) … as, the more … the
more
as, as if (though), the way, rather than等
一、时间状语从句w。
1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别:
(1)
while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时,或状态动词的一般时。while
的这些用
法可用when代替。E.g. Please keep quiet while
(when) others are studying;
(2)
when除可指一段时间外,还可用来指一点时间,等于 “at the time”,也就是说when引出
的时间状语从句
中的谓语动词可以是终止性的,也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时,
进行时,或完成时。
E.g. When I went into the lab, the
teacher was doing an experiment.(when不能换成while)He
often makes mistakes
when he is speaking
English.(when可换成while)
(3)
as常可与when,while通用,但强调“一边、一边”。E.g. As (when, while)
I was walking down the street, I noticed
a
police car in front of number 37.
(4)
when有时代替if,引导条件句,意为“如果”、“假如” E.g. I’ll come when
(if) I’m free.
2、till,
until引导时间状语短语或状语从句,用于否定句时,结构为not …until (till),主句谓
语动词延续与非延续皆
可,意为“直到…才…”。用于肯定句时,只与延续性动词连用,表示“到…为止
”。E.g. They played volleyball until (till)
it
got dark. They didn’t talk(延续性动词)until (till) the
interpreter(译员)came. He didn’t go to
bed(非延续性动词)
until (till) the his father came
back.;until可以放在句首,till则不行,E.g. Until the last
minute of the match we kept on
playing. Not
until he finished his work did he go
home.(倒装);till, until只用于时间,以下句子是错误的:We walked
till the edge of the forest.(要用as far as或to)。
二、地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。E.g.
Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you
have a question.
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三、条件状语从句
条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性
(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的
事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有
if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so
(as) far as, if only ( =
if )。注意:条件从句中的if
不能用whether替换。
E.g. If he
is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
You may borrow the book so
long as you keep it clean.
So far as I
know(据我所知), he will be away for three months.
You can go swimming on condition that ( = if )
you don’t go too far away from the river bank.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could
have seen her.
四、原因状语从句
because, since,
as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别:
1.如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because
,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子,一
定用because回答。
E.g. He had to stay at home yesterday because
he was ill.;2.如原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其他部分重要,
就用as,或
since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。
E.g. As you are tired, you had better rest.
Since everyone is here, now let’s begin.
五、结果状语从句
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。由so that
(从句谓语一般没有情态动
词), so … that, such … that等引导。
E.g. She was ill, so that she
didn’t attend the meeting.
He was so
excited that he could not say a word.
She is
such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
六、目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so, so
that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order that, in
case(以防,以免)
等。
E.g. Speak clearly, so that
they may understand you.
She has
bought the book in order that she could follow the
TV lessons.
He left early in case he should
miss the train.
七、让步状语从句
让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though),
however, whatever, whether … or, no matter who
(when,
what, …) 等引导。注意:as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。
E.g. Though he is a child, he knows
a lot.
Child as he is, he knows a
lot.
Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say,
I’ll never change my mind.
八、比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the
more等引导。
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E.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you
have.
He smokes cigarettes as
expensive as he can afford.
The busier he is,
the happier he feels.
九、方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather
than等引导。
E.g. You must do the exercise as I
show you.
He acted as if nothing had
happened.
十、使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1、在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现
在时表示将来。
E.g. We’ll go outing if it doesn’t
rain tomorrow.
I’ll write to you as soon as I
get to Shanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句,如果从句的主语与
主句主语一致(或虽不一致,是it),从句的
谓语又包含动词be ,就可省略从句中的“主语 +
be”部分。
E.g. When (he was)
still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
If (you are) asked you may come in.
If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you
again.
3、注意区分不同从句:引导的是什么从句,不仅要根据连词,还要根据句子结构和句意
来判别。以where为
例,能引导多种从句。
E.g. You are to find it where you left
it.(地点状语从句)
Tell me the
address where he lives.(定语从句,句中有先行词)
I don’t
know where he came from.(宾语从句)
Where he has
gone is not known yet.(主语从句)
This place is
where they once hid.(表语从句)
4、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。
(1)as引导时间状语从句,意为“当…时”。例如:As (he was) a young
man, he was a storekeeper and later a
postmaster. He sang as he worked. 高.考.资.源.网
(2)as引导方式状语从句,意为“象…一样”。例如:We must do as the
Party teaches us.
(3)as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”,例如:As
you are tired, you had better rest.
(4)as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he
can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can
do
it well.)
另外,
as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句,如:I
have the same book as you.
2013年状语从句
1.【2013北京】30. I took my driving license with
me on holiday,______ I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if
only
2.【2013福建】32. Anyone, once _______
positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free
medical treatment from our
government.
A.
to be tested B. being tested C. tested
D. to test
3.【13湖南】You must learn to consult
your feelings and your reason ____you reach any
decision.
A. although B. Before C.
Because D. unless
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4.【2013江苏】28. In the global economy, a
new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will
create many economic
possibilities around the
world.
A. whatever B. whoever C.
wherever D. whichever
5.【2013江西】 says
that she’ll have to close the shop ________
business improves.
A. if B. unless C. after
D. when
6.【2013江西】 _____ to look after luggage
for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having
asked
7.【2013辽宁】24. One can always manage to
do more things, no matter _______ full one’s
schedule is in life.
A. how B. what
C. when D. where
8.【2013山东】Mark needs
to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a
branch in Beijing.
A. unless B. until C.
although D. since
9.【2013山东】28. _________I
have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous
before I start.
A. Whatever B. Whenever
C. Whoever D. However
10.【2013陕西】18. I have
heard a lot of good things about you _______ I
came back from abroad.
A. since B.
until C. before D. when
11.【2013四川】
was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his
son _____ he wants to.
A. even if B. as if
C. because D. before
12.【2013天津】5. _______
small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over
30 countries.
A. As B. If
C. Although D. Once
13.【2013浙江】19.
There are some health problems that, when ______
in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A.
not treated B. not being treated C. not to
be treated D. not have been treated
14.【2013重庆】25. ______ we have enough
evidence, we can't win the case.
A. Once B
As long as C. Unless D. Since
15.【2013安徽】’s much easier to make
friends______ you have similar interests.
A.
unless B. when C. even
though D. so that
16.【北京】Don’t turn
off the computer before closing all programs___
you could have problems
A. or B. and C.
but D. so
17.【2013四川】4. Read this story,
________ you will realize that not everything can
be bought with money.
A. or B.
and C. but D. so
18.【2013新课标II卷】3. I was glad to meet Jenny
again, _____I didn't want to spend all day with
her.
A. but B. and C. so D.
or
19.【2013新课标I卷】’s no way of knowing why one
man makes an important discovery
______another man, also intelligent, fails.
A. since B: if C. as D. while
20.【13重庆】It's not easy to change habits,
______ with awareness and self-control, it is
possible.
A. for B. or C. but
D. so
2012 状语从句
1.(全国高考I,25)I don’t
believe we’ve met before, _____ I must say you do
look familiar.
A. therefore B. although
C. since D. unless
2.(重庆高考,30)─Coach, can I
continue with the training?─Sorry, you can’t _____
you haven’t recovered from the knee
injury.
A. until B. before C. as D. unless
3.(湖南高考,28)_____ I always felt I would pass
the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A. While B. Once C. If D. Until
4.(湖南)_____ hard you try, it is difficult to
lose weight without cutting down the amount you
eat.
A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever
D. Whenever
5.(福建高考,30)It is hard for the
Greek government to get over the present
difficulties _____ it gets more financial support
from the European Union. A. if B. unless
C. because D. since
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6.(北京高考,21)─Look at those clouds!
─Don’t worry. _____ it rains, we’ll still have a
great time.
A. Even if B. As though C.
In case D. If only
7.(江西高考,31)You can borrow
my car _____ you promise not to drive too fast.
A. unless B. even if C. in case D. as
long as
8.(陕西)Hot __the night air was, we
slept deeply because we were so tired after the
long journey.
A. although B. as C. while
D. however
9.(陕西高考,25)All the photographs in
this book, _____ stated otherwise, date from the
1950s.
A. unless B. until C. once D.
if
10.(四川高考,4)At school, some students are
active _____ some are shy, yet they can be good
friends with one another.
A. while B.
although C. so D. as
11.(四川)If you happen
to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay _____
you are and wait for help.
A. why B. where
C. who D. what
12.(天津)Everything was placed
exactly _____ he wanted it for the graduation
ceremony.
A. while B. when C. where D.
though
13.(辽宁高考,30)Leave your key with your
neighbor _____ you lock yourself out one day.
A. as long as B. even though C. in case D.
as if
14.(山东高考,27)He smiled politely _____
Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A.
as B. if C. unless D. though
15.山东)A
number of high buildings have arisen _____ there
was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when
B. where C. before D. until
16.(江苏高考,30)One’s life has value _____ one
brings value to the life of others.
A. so
that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except
that
17.(上海高考,32)I have a tight budget for the
trip, so I'm not going to fly _ the airlines
lower ticket prices.
A. once B. if C.
after D. unless
2011年真题
1.(2011全国卷II)19.
It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.
A. though B. whether C. as D. since
2.(2011北京卷)29. __________ volleyball is her
main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While
3.
(2011上海卷) 36. If a lot of people say a film is
not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait
it comes out on
DVD. A. whether B.
after C. though D. until
4.(2011上海卷) The
police officers in our city work hard _____ the
rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case
B. as if C. in order that D. only if
5.(2011江西卷)29. Please call my secretary to
arrange a meeting this afternoon, or it
is convenient to you.
A. whenever B.
however C. whichever D. wherever
6.(2011浙江卷)4. One Friday, we were packing to
leave for a weekend away my daughter heard
cries for help.
A. after B. while C. since
D. when
7.(2011福建卷) was April 29, 2001
Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the
palace hall of the
wedding ceremony.
8.(2011四川卷)4. Frank insisted that he was not
asleep I had great difficulty in waking him
up.
A. whether B. although
C. for D. so
9.(2011四川). As it
reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua
University was founded.
A. when
B. before C. after D. since
10.(2011辽宁卷)25. No matter how ________ , it is
not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may
be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a
desert be dry D. dry may a desert be
11.(2011辽宁卷)29. He had no sooner finished his
speech _____ the students started cheering.
A. since B. as C. when D. than
12.(11陕西The new stadium being built for the
next Asian Games will be ______the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times
as big as C. as big as three times D. as
big three times as
13.(2011天津卷)5.
regular exercise is very important, it’s never a
good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
B. As gh
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14.(2011陕西卷)________all of them are
strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the
post.
A. Since
B. While C. If D. As
15.
(
2011
重庆)
30 To show our
respect, we usually have to take our gloves off
we are to shake hands with.
ver er
r er
16. (2011
湖南卷
) Jack
wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at
him _______he had done something very clever.
A .as if B. in case C.
while D. though
17.
(2011
山东
)He had his camera ready _____ he
saw something that would make a good picture.
A. even if B. if only C. in case
D. so that
2011:(1-5 ADDCA 6-10 DBBDB
11-15 DBCBC 16-17 AC )
2012:(BDAAB ADBAA
BCCAB CD)
2013: (1-5 ACBCB 6-10 AADBA 11-15
ACACB 16-20 ABADC )
答案:二、1. when; 2.
as soon as; 3. as; 4. though; 5. Wherever; 6.
because; 7. Since; 8. whenever; 9. Since; 10.
because; 11. so that; 12. though; 13. as; 14.
that; 15. than; 16. Even if; 17. that; 18. as
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