23-复合句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句和宾语从句)

第二十三章 复合句
知识点要求
1. 理解复合句的概念
2. 明确时间状语从句、条件状语从句和宾语从句的概念、结构和运用

知识点详细分析
1. 复合句的概念和引入
如果句子中包含两套或两套以上主谓结构，且其中一套或更多的主 谓结构充当句子的某
一个或某一些成分，则称这样的句子为复合句。
首先，明确下列句子中划线部分的句子成分。
I started to go to school at the age of seven. 时间状语
I know the answer of the question. 宾语
其次，对划线部分进行扩展。
I was seven years old = at the age of seven.
The answer of the question is two = the answer of the question.
再次，用替换后的同等内容重写句子。
I started to go to school. I was seven years old.
I know the answer of the question. The answer of the question is two.
接着，用适当的从属连词对两个完整的句子进行组合。
I started to go to school when I was seven years old.
I know the answer of the question is two.
最后，再次确认下列句子中划线部分的句子成分。
I started to go to school when I was seven years old. 句子作时间状语 → 时间状语从句
I know the answer of the question is two. 句子作宾语 → 宾语从句
2. 状语从句
状语从句在主从复合句 中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词。状语从句都是由从属连词引
导与主句相连接的。当从句位于句首时 ，常用逗号分隔开，位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。
3. 时间状语从句
常见的引导时间状语从句的连接词有when, while, before, after, since等等。
1）when, while
引导时间状语从句表示“当??”，要注意while引导的动作必须是持续性的。
When I was young, I used to walk to school.
I was thin when I was a child.
While I am playing computer games, my mother is preparing dinner for me.
2）before, after
before引导时间状语从句表示主句的动作在从句的动作之前发生，之后用after
I will always work hard before I go into Beijing University.
She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home.
3）since
since表示“自从??以来”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I have studied English since I was ten.
3. If引导的条件状语从句
if引导条件状语表示“如果??”其遵循下列三种结构

主句
一般将来时
祈使句
含有情态动词的句子
助记
主将从现
一般现在时 主祈从现
主情从现
if条件句 例句
If tomorrow is sunny, we will have a picnic.
If you are free now, please come to my office.
If you study hard, you can pass the exam.
4. 宾语从句
当一个完整句充当宾语时，它就叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的一般结构为：

主句主语 + 主句谓语 + 宾语从句引导词 + 陈述句语序的宾语从句

特别注意：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序！
1）常见的宾语从句引导词
用法
宾语从句为普通陈述句
宾语从句为一般疑问句
宾语从句为特殊疑问句
例句
I know (that) you are a busy guy.
that（可省略）
I think (that) he will like that gift.
if, whether表示是否 I want to know whether your sister is married or not.
（注意只有whether可以和Can you tell me if I am right or wrong.
or not连用） I don’t know if he will come on time.
I know what his name is.
特殊疑问词
He asked me why you did this yesterday afternoon.
（what, which, when, where,
Do you know where and when they will meet this
why, whose, how等）
evening?
引导词
2）宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态必须与主句相呼应。
? 当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来的时态，从句中谓语动词不受 主句时态的限制，
可以按照需要使用任意时态。
I hear he’ll be back in a few days.
I think she has already come back.
Mary says there was a bridge over the river ten years ago.
? 当主句谓语是过去的时态时，从句中也要使用相应的过去时态，以便保持与主
句谓语动词时态的一致性。
主句时态 从句应有时态
一般现在时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在完成时
相应的过去时态
一般过去时
过去将来时
过去进行时
过去的时态
过去完成时
一般过去时

?
例句
She said she was much better than before.
Mary told me Tom would be back in a few
days.
Linda though her father was watching TV at
that time.
Sam said he had studied English for four
years.
Nancy thought her mother had forgotten to
turn off the light.
无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，若从句叙述的是某一客观真实，则从句只能使
用一般现在时。
In the old days, people believed that the Sun rises every day.

宾语从句与主句时态呼应的汇总表格
主句时态 宾语从句的时态
现在或将来的时态
过去的时态
无论何种时态
3）宾语从句的构成
1 + 1 = 2
不受限制
相应的过去时态
表示客观真理时，只能用一般现在时
I (want to) know something.
something = The answer of the question is two → I know (that) the answer of the question is two.
something = Is the answer of the question two? → I want to know ifwhether the answer of the questions is two.
something = What is the answer of the question. → I want to know what the answer of the question is.

宾语从句的构成步骤：
1. 分别写出主句和从句
2. 根据从句的类型选择适合的宾语从句引导词
3. 确认主句的时态并对从句时态做相应调整
4. 用引导词连接主从句检查从句是否使用陈述句语序

Practice makes perfect
1. 写出主句和从句
2. 确认宾语从句引导词
3. 确认主句时态并对从句时态做相应调整
4. 连接主从句，关注从句语态
1. 确认主从句 2. 确认引导词 3. 时态一致
I (want to) know…
主句
The answer is two. (that)
主句为现在时
态，从句时态
Is the answer two? ifwhether
从句
不受限制
What is the answer? what

4. 连接和校正

I know (that) the answer is two.
I want to know ifwhether the answer is
two.
I want to know what is the answer.
校正
→ I want to know what the answer is.