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状语从句经典图解

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-25 03:49
tags:时间状语从句

小偷英语-短的

2020年10月25日发(作者:史可全)


状语从句
它在句子中担任状语,修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面,状 语从句可以分为以下九
种。
1、时间状语从句
2、地点状语从句
3、原因状语从句
4、目的状语从句
5、结果状语从句
6、条件状语从句
7、方式状语从句
8、 让步状语从句
9、 比较状语从句
1、时间状语从句
种类 从属连词





















when


whenever
例 句 说 明
When I came into the room, he was writing a
when指的是“某一具体的时间”。
letter.
当我进屋时,他正在写信。 whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时
We shall go there whenever we are free.
间”。
我们什么时间有空,我们就去那里。

I was walking along the street when suddenly
when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可
someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
以看作是并列句 ,这种用法的when分句一
我正在街上走着,这时忽然有人从后面拍我的般位于句末。
肩膀。
While it was raining, they went out.
天下雨的时候,他们出去了。
I stayed while he was away.
他不在的时候我在。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他赶快回家,不时地一边走一边向后看。
Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
先做学生,再做先生。
He arrived after the game started.
比赛开始后,他到了。
We waited till (until)he came back .
我们一直等到他回来。
while指“在某一段时间里”,“在?期间”,
while引导的动作必须是持续性的。
when
while
as
before
after
till
as引导持续性动作,强调主句和从句的动
作同时发生。
before译为在?之前

如主句动词是持续性动作,常用肯定式,
表示“直到?为止”





种从属连句 例 句 说 明

1


She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
如主句动词是瞬间动词,常用否定式,类
until

她到11点钟才停止工作。 表示“直?才”“在?以前不”,从句
Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
放在句首表示强调,一般用until
时 她站在那里看着,直到看不见他的身影。

since Great changes have taken place in China since
状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与

1978.
主句分开,如从句在主句之后则不必用


自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 标点符号。

as soon as
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.


我一到上海就给你写信。

hardly?when
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
hardly?when和no sooner?than的意


我刚一到家,就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home 义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生

no sooner?
when it began to rain.
的事情,主句为过去完成时,从句为过

than No sooner had we got to the station than the train
去时,如hardly或no sooner位于句首

left.
时语气强,而且主句的谓语要用部分倒

我们刚到车站,火车就走了。 装。

Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.

我们刚开始就被叫停。

every time, by Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
在时间状语从句中,不能用将来时或过

the time, the
我每次乘船都晕船。 去将来时,而要用现在时或过去时代替

moment The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
将来时。

等 我一听到这首歌,就感到很愉快。

Next time you come ,you’ll see him.

下次你来的时候,就会见到他。

where Where there is a will, there is a way.
where与wherever意义基本相同,但后


有志者,事竟成。 者语气较强,多用于书面语。

wherever Where there is water there is life.

哪里有水,哪里就有生命。

You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。
because I came back late yesterday because I was on
because用来回答why 的问题,语气最
duty.
强一般放在主句之后
昨天我回来晚了,因为我值班。
Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分
既然大家都到了,我们开始开会。 析即可表明的原因,多放句首
since




种从属连句

as

例 句 说 明
As he didn’t know much English, he looked
从句常放在句首,说明原因,
up the word in the dictionary .
主句说明结果,常用于口语

2



由于他英语懂得不多,他在字典中查阅这中。
原 个单词。

now that, seeing Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we
seeing (that), now that 和

that can start our journey.
since, as 意义相似,他们都

鉴于天气已经晴朗,我们可以启程了。 有“鉴于某个事实”的意思,

Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for
that可以省去。

the doctor.

鉴于他病情严重,我们派人去请医生去了。

that I shall write down your telephone number
目的状语从句中常用情态动

that I may not forget.
词may (might) can


我要把你的电话号码记下来,以免忘记。 (could) ,should 等放在动词

so that
We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge
之前,从句往往放在主句之

for yourself.
后,主从句之间不用任何标


我把真实情况告诉你,使你能自己作出判点符号


断。

in order that They worked harder than usual in order that

they could finish the work ahead of time .


他们比往常更加努力工作,为了能提前完

lest = for fear that
成工作。

Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that )

you should catch cold.

多穿点衣服,以免患感冒。

so that We turned up the radio, so that everyone
so that前有逗号为结果状语

heard the news.
从句。


我们把收音机的音量放大,大家都听到了so?that的so后面跟形容词


新闻。 或副词。

so?that
He was so excited that he couldn’t say a

word.

他十分激动,以致一句话都说不出来。
such?that
He gave such important reasons that he was
such?t hat的such后面跟名
excused.他说出了这么重要的理由,得到大词,如果名词是单数就要 用
家的谅解。 such a an?that还可以转换
It is such an interesting novel that all of us
用so?that,语气较强
want to read it.
It is so interesting a novel that all of us want
to read it.
这是一本十分有意思的书,大家都想看。



种类 从属连句


if



例 句 说 明
Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid
unless从句的谓语只能
of them.
用肯定式。unless和if?
如果我们不怕困难,困难就算不了什么了。 not同义,unless是书面
3


We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.
语,if?not是口语,通
unless
除非下雨,我们明天就去那里。 常二者可以换用。

= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t
条件状语从句中的谓语
rain.
动词的时态一般要用现
SoAs long as you work hard, you will
在时或过去时代替一般
asso long succeed.
将来时或过去将来时。
as
只要你努力工作,你就一定能成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it .


in case
万一我忘了,请提醒我一下。
So far as I know, the book will be published

so far as
next month.
据我所知,那本书下月出版。













as



as if?
as though
Draw a cat as I taught you .
此处as译为,按照或正
按照我教你的画一只猫。 如
Do as you are told.
as if或as though的意义
按照人家告诉你做的去做。 和用法基本一样。从句
She looks as if she is ill.
中可以用现在时表示可
看上去她好象是生病了。 能符合事实,也可以用
He acted as if (though) nothing had
虚拟语气。
happened.
他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。
They treat the black boy as if (though) he
were an animal.
他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。
Although (Though) he was over sixty,
在句子中一般用了“虽
(yet) he began to learn French.
然”就不能再用“但是”
虽然他六十多岁了,但仍开始学习法语 。 (but)但可以与yet或
We were not tired though (although) we had
still连用。though
worked all day.
although意义相同,用
虽然我们干了一天活,但并不累。 法基本一样,前者通俗,
口语化,后者正式多放
主句的前面。
I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨,我也要去。
even if 和even though
的意思为“即使”“纵
使”有退一步设想的意
味,多用于书面语中。






though





although



even if

even
though




种类




从属连词
as
例 句 说 明
Child as he is , he knows a lot .
as引出的状语从句多用
虽然他是一个孩子,但他懂得很多。 于书面语,它比用
Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the
though或although引导
4
















children play outdoors.
虽然天气冷,但孩子们仍在户外玩。
的从句,语气强,更有
表现力,从句常放在句
首,语序部分倒装。
no matter (who, Do it no matter what others say.
no matter??与
what when, where
不管别人怎么说,尽管干。 who-ever引导的让步状
No matter how busy he was, he studied
语从句意义基本一 样,which, how?)
English every day.
no matter??引导的从
不管他多忙,他都每天坚持学习英语。 句可是以位于主句前或
No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I
主句后。
shall be very grateful.
不管谁为我处理这件事,我都将非常感激。
wh-
Whatever happens may happen , we shall
wh-ever从句中的动
ever (whatever not lose heart.
词有时可以和may连
whoever whenever
无论发生什么,我们都不要失去信心。 用。判断wh-ever引导
whichever however) Whoever comes, he will be welcome.
的是状语从句还是名词
无论谁来,都会受到欢迎。 性从句的一点是,名词
性从句,主 句中一定有
一个成分要在从句担
任,一般从句与主句之
间没有逗号。
不可将no matter与
wh—ever连用
as?as

not soas
?as
the same
?as
such?as
than
Mary is as old as my sister.
玛利和我姐姐一样大。
He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那样快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的书和我的一样。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。
连词表示同程度级的比
较,肯定句用as?as否
定句可用not as?as 或
not so?as












c



She has made greater progress this year than
表示不同程度之比较,
she did last year.
主句中用比较级的形容
她今年比去年进步更大。 词或副词。
He bought fewer books than I (did).
他买的书比我买的少。
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
the more The more you read, the better you
the more?the more 意
比 ?the
understand.
思为越?越?,通常的
more
你看的书越多,你懂得的就越多。 语序为从句在前主句在

5
























that
The more tickets you sell, the more money
后,这两个the都是表
you will get.
示程度的副词,用在比
你卖的票越多,你的收入也越多。 较级的形容词或副词前
The harder you work, the greater progress
面。
you will make.
你工作越努力,你取得的进步就越大。

The sooner, the better.
句子意思明显,句子的
越快越好。 主语和动词都可省略。
The warmer, the better.
越暖和越好。
We are sure (that )the four modernization
that 引导的从句,往往
will be realized in China .
跟在一个做表语的形容
我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。 词后面,从句概念上看
I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write
是宾语,所以有的语法
you sooner.
家把它看做是宾语从
很抱歉,我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。 句,但结构上看,也可
I am afraid that I can’t go with you.
以把它看作是一个特殊
恐怕我不能同你一起去了。 的状语从句,用来修饰
表语的形容词。这种从
句的连词常常被省略。

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