(完整)高中状语从句讲解

语法专题复习（四）
状语从句讲解
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起 副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动
词、定语、状语或整个句子。
一般可分为九大 类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、
比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从 句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解
和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用 连接词
和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:
1．I fell asleep when he was doing his exercises .他正作练习时我睡着了。（时
间状语从句）
3．She always sings as she walks . 她总是一边走一边唱。（时间状语从句）
4．I waited until he had finished his work . 我等到他做完活。（时间状语
从句）
5．It was not long before he told me about this affair . 不久，他就告诉我
这件事。（时间状语从句）
6．He has worked very hard since he entered the factory 自从他进厂，工
作一直很努力。（时间状语从句）
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the ins
tant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … wh
en

种类




时

间


状


语


从属连词 例 句 说 明
when


whenever
When I came into the room, he was writing a when指的是“某一具体
letter. 的时间”。
当我进屋时，他正在写信。
We shall go there whenever we are free. whenever指的是“在任
我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。 何一个不具体的时间”。

I was walking along the street when suddenly when意为“这时”或“在
someone patted me on the shoulder from 那个时候”,可以看作是
behind. 并列句,这种用法的
我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人 从后面拍我when分句一般位于句
的肩膀。 末。
While it was raining, they went out.
天下雨的时候，他们出去了。
I stayed while he was away.
他不在的时候我在。
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when
while while指“在某一段时 间
里”，“在…期间”，while
引导的动作必须是持续
性的。

从


句


as

before
after
till
She always sings as she walks .

她总是一边走一边唱

Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
先做学生，再做先生。
He arrived after the game started.
比赛开始后，他到了。
We waited till (until)he came back .
我们一直等到他回来。
as引导持续性动作，强
调主句和从句的动作同
时发生。
before译为在…之前

如主句动词是持续性动
作，常用肯定式，表示
“直到…为止”





时

间

状

语

从

句
until She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock . 如主句动词是瞬间动
她到11点钟才停止工作。 词，常用否定式，表示
Until he had passed out of sight, she stood
“直…才”“在…以前
there. 不”,从句放在句首表示
她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 强调，一般用until
Great changes have taken place in China since 状语从句在主句之前
1978. 时一般用逗号与主句
自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 分开，如从句在主句之
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to
后则不必用标点符号。
you.我一到上海就给你写信。
since


as soon as

hardly…whe
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
hardly…when和no
n 我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got
sooner…than的意义相
home when it began to rain. 当于as soon as,但只表
no No sooner had we got to the station than the 示过去发生的事情，主
sooner…than
train left. 句为过去完成时，从句
我们刚到车站，火车就走了。 为过去时，如hardly或
Hardly had we begun when we were told to no sooner位于句首时
stop. 语气强，而且主句的谓
我们刚开始就被叫停。 语要用部分倒装。
every time, by Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
the time, the 我每次乘船都晕船。
moment The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
等 我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.
下次你来的时候，就会见到他。
在时间状语从句中，不
能用将来时或过去 将
来时，而要用现在时或
过去时代替将来时。

2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

地
点

where

wherever
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where there is water there is life.
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where与wherev er意
义基本相同，但后者
语气较强，多用于书

状
语
从
句
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。
面语。

3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, since
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, conside
ring that,

原
因
状
语
从
句

because I came back late yesterday because I was on because用来回答why
duty. 的问题，语气最强一般
昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 放在主句之后
Since everyone is here, let’s begin our since表示既然或全已知
meeting. 的理由,稍加分析即可表
既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 明的原因,多放句首
As he didn’t know much English, he looked 从句常放在句首，说明
up the word in the dictionary . 原因，主句说明结果，
由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个常用于口语中。
单词。
since
as
now that, Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can seeing (that), now that
seeing that start our journey. 和since, as 意义相似，
鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。 他们都有“鉴于某个事
Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the 实”的意思，that可以省
doctor. 去。
鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that,
to the end that




目
的
状
语
that


so that



I shall write down your telephone number 目的状语从句中常用情
that I may not forget. 态动词may (might) can
我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。 (could) ,should 等放在
We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge
动词之前，从句往往放
for yourself. 在主句之后，主从句之
我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判间不用任何标点符号
断。

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从 in order They worked harder than usual in order that
句 that they could finish the work ahead of time .
他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完
成工作。
lest = for
Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that )
fear that
you should catch cold.
多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。

5． 结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, such … that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree
that,


结

果

状
so that



so…that
We turned up the radio, so that everyone so that前有逗号为结果
heard the news. 状语从句。
我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了
so…that的so后面跟形
新闻。 容词或副词。
He was so excited that he couldn’t say a
word.
他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。

such…th
He gave such important reasons that he was
such…that的such后面
语 at excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大跟名词，如果名词是单
家的谅解。 数就要用such a
从 It is such an interesting novel that all of us
an…that还可以转换用
want to read it.
so…that，语气较强
句 It is so interesting a novel that all of us want
to read it.
这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。
6． 条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：asso long as, only if, providingprovided that, suppose that, in ca
se that, on condition that



if

条

件
unless


状

Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid unless从句的谓语只能
of them. 用肯定式。unless和
如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。
if…not同义，unless是
We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains. 书面语，if…not是口语，
通常二者可以换用。
除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。
= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t
条件状语从句中的谓语
动词的时态一般要用现
rain.
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SoAs long as you work hard, you will 在时或过去时代替一般
语 asso long succeed. 将来时或过去将来时。

从

句
as

in case
so far as
只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it .
万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。
So far as I know, the book will be published
next month.
据我所知，那本书下月出版。



7． 让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，n
o matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, wh
enever, however, whichever
though

让



步

although

状

语
even if
从 even
though
句


让


步


状


语

Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) 在句子中一般用了 “虽
he began to learn French. 然”就不能再用“但是”
虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。 （but）但可以与yet或
We were not tired though (although) we had still连用。though
although意义相同，用
worked all day.
法基本一样，前者通俗，
虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。
口语化，后者正式多放
主句的前面。
I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我也要去。
even if 和even though
的意思为“即使”“纵使”
有退一步设想的意味，
多用于书面语中。
as Child as he is , he knows a lot . as引出的状语从句多用
虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。 于书面语，它比用
Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the though或although引导
children play outdoors. 的从句，语气强，更有
虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。 表现力，从句常放在句
首，语序部分倒装。
no matter Do it no matter what others say.
no matter……与
(who, 不管别人怎么说,尽管干。 who-ever引导的让步状
what No matter how busy he was, he studied 语从句意义基本一 样，
when, English every day.
no matter……引导的从
where 不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。 句可是以位于主句前或
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从


句
which,
how…)
No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I 主句后。
shall be very grateful.
不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。
wh－ever Whatever happens may happen , we shall wh－ever从句中的动
(whatever not lose heart. 词有时可以和may连
whoever 无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。 用。判断wh－ever引导
whenever Whoever comes, he will be welcome. 的是状语从句还是名词
whicheve无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。 性从句的一点是，名词
r 性从句，主句中一定有
however) 一个成分要在从句担
任，一般从句与主句之
间没有逗号。
不可将no matter与
wh—ever连用

8． 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … just as …， so…; A is to B what
as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

比

较

状

语

从

句

the more The more you read, the better you
the more…the more 意
比 …the understand. 思为越…越…，通常的
more 你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。 语序为从句在前主句在
较 The more tickets you sell, the more money 后，这两个the都是表
you will get. 示程度的副词，用在比
状 你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。 较级的形容词或副词前
The harder you work, the greater progress 面。

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as…as

not soas
…as
the same
…as
such…as
than
Mary is as old as my sister.
玛利和我姐姐一样大。
He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那样快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的书和我的一样。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。
连词表示同程度级的比
较，肯定句用as…as否
定句可用not as…as 或
not so…as
She has made greater progress this year than 表示不同程度之比较，
she did last year. 主句中用比较级的形容
她今年比去年进步更大。 词或副词。
He bought fewer books than I (did).
他买的书比我买的少。

语

从

句
you will make.
你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
The warmer, the better.
越暖和越好。


句子意思明显，句子的
主语和动词都可省略。


9． 方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way


方

式

状

语

从

句
as



此处as译为，按照或正
如
as if或as though的意义
和用法基本一样。从句
中可以用现在时表示可
as if…
She looks as if she is ill.
能符合事实，也可以用
as though 看上去她好象是生病了。
He acted as if (though) nothing had
虚拟语气。
happened.
他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。
They treat the black boy as if (though) he
were an animal.
他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。
Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的画一只猫。
Do as you are told.
按照人家告诉你做的去做。

10特殊的

特
殊
形
式
的
状
语
从
句
that We are sure (that )the four modernization that 引导的从句，往往
will be realized in China . 跟在一个做表语的形容
我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。 词后面，从句概念上看
I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write
是宾语，所以有的语法
you sooner. 家把它看做是宾语从
很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。 句，但结构上看，也可
I am afraid that I can’t go with you.
以把它看作是一个特殊
恐怕我不能同你一起去了。 的状语从句，用来修饰
表语的形容词。这种从
句的连词常常被省略。
状语从句的简化


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状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主 句和从句的主语一
致，或从句主语为it；②从
句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和 be动词常可省略。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public
next year .

He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).

状语从句的简化现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:
由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;
②由although, though, even if though等引导的让步状语从句;
③由when, while, as, before, after, until till等引导的时间状语从句;
④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;
⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。

If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆
脱困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来
说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
While (he was) a you ng boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐
于助人。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。d.连词+过去分词
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得
了巨大成功。
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什
He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也
解决不了这个问题。f. 连词+介词短语

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She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻
烦。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就
懂英语了。

tips:
只用as不用when或while的情况
1、用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行，指“一边…一边…”，
如： The girl sings as she goes to school.
2、表示两个同步发生的动作或行为
如： As time went by,she became more and more beautiful.
3、表示两个动作紧跟着发生，
如： As he was going out,it began to rain,
4、接在名词后面表示某一个年龄段时。如： As a young man, he was active in
sports.

连接词when,while,as的用法区别
1、while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动 词必须是可持续的，而when引导的时间
状语从句的谓语动词既可以可持续的，也可以是表短暂性动作 的动词。
WhenWhile he was eating his breakfast,he heard the door bell rang.
When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.(while不可用)

2、从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when 引导，不可用whileas,
如： When you have finished your work,you may have a rest

3、表示“随着……”,连词用as,不用whenwhile,
如： As the election approached,the violenve got worse.

4、如果主句表示的是短暂性的动作，从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示一 段时
间内正在进行的动作时，三者可互相交换使用
。如： WhenWhileAs I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of
mine.
till,until和not…until用法
1、untiltill引导时间状语从句用于肯定句中时，主句的动词时延续性动词，表示
动作或状 态一直持续到untiltill所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直持续到某时间
点才停止”，译为“直 到…为止”。
You may stay here until the rain stops.
2、用于否定句时，主句谓语动词时非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“直到…
才”，如： He wouldn’t go to bed tilluntil he had finished the work.

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3、until 可以置于句首，till不行。
如： Until you told me , I had no idea for it.
4、not…untill句型中的强调和倒装说法： It iswas not until that… Not until+从句
+助动词+主句。
例： was not until you told me that I had some idea for it.
Not until you told me did I hace any idea for it.

连接词since的用法
注：since的用法主要有两点：一是表示“自从…以来”，二是表示“既然”。
1、 Since意思是“从那一刻开始”
如： He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
We have been missing them since they left here.
2、 若since 引导的状语从句表示 “从持续动作或状态结束时算起”。
如： I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep为持续性动词，sleep的动
作结 束时，即“醒来”时，译为“我醒后还未听到任何声响。”
John is now with his parents in New York .It is already 3 years since he was a
teacher.
3、 若since其表示的时间的起点应从动作之时算起。
如： I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there.这里的has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从“开始居住”时算起，“自从他（开始）住在那
儿，我就一直没有收 到他的来信”
Since we have owned a car,we have gone camping every year.
4、 句型it is +一段时间+since…与it has been +一段时间+since…意思相同，时
间的计 算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束结束结束结束时算起。
It is 2 years since he left the country.
Before
1、it+（willwould）be +时间段+before… “过了（多长时间）才…”
It will be sometime before we know whether the drug takes effect or not.
2、it+（willwould）be not +时间段+before… “过不了多久就…

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