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高中英语--状语从句专题讲解(详细)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-25 03:58
tags:时间状语从句

non-柔怎么写

2020年10月25日发(作者:劳乃宣)


状语从句
知识导图


定义:在主从复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词



时间状语从句

? 时间状语从句的引导词

when 当…时候
after 在…之后
ever since 自从
everyeach time 每次
as soon as
一 … 就
no sooner… than
一 … 就


while 当…时候
before在…之前
since自从
next time 下次
once
一 … 就
as 当…时候
till 直到…为止

by the time
到…时候
the moment
一 … 就

until 直到…为止


hardlyscarcely… when…
一 … 就

directlyimmediatelyinstantly

一 … 就


注:
在时间状语从句中,通常用一般现在时替代一般将来时;用一般过去时替代过去将来时。
e.g. When you get up, ring me up.
When he left the classroom, the teacher came in.

when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句

1) when, while和as的共同用法

when, while和as都可以引导时间状语从句,意 为“当…时候”。若表示主句中的动词和从句中的动作同时发生,而
从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时, 这三个词等同,可以互换。

WhenWhileas we were dancing, a stranger came in.(延续性动词)

2) whenwhile和as用法区别

①when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词既可以是延续 性的,也可以是非延续性的,而while引导的时间状语从句的谓
语动词只能是延续性的。

When you came in, I was talking with a few boys.(非延续性)

While we were waiting for the bus, it was raining heavily.(延续性)

②while和 as常表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,而when表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前、之后,也
可同时发生。

They rushed in whileas we were discussing problems.(同时发生)
When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.(先发生+后发生)
When I got to the airport, the guest had left.(后发生+先发生)

注:
when还可表示原 因,意为“既然”,引导原因状语从句;也可以用作并列连词,意为“就在那时”,常构成如下结构:

be about to do sth when… 正要做某事,突然就在那时…
be doing sth when…正在做某事,突然就在那时….


③While表示两个延续性动作同时发生而又有对比意义,主从句时态通常是相同的。

While she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.(对比意义)

注:
a) 当两个可延续性的动作同时发生而又有对比意义时,从句常用while引导,主句和从句的时态通常是相同的。


e.g. My brother was washing the dishes while I was cleaning the table.

b) While还可作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比;也可以意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。

④as意为“随着,一边…,一边…”,常有以下用法:

a)
b)
c)
d)
用于表示两个动作同时或者几乎同时发生。
表示两个发展变化中的情况。
表示在某事发生的过程中另外一件事发生。
表示随着短暂动作的发生,另一动作立刻发生。

before和after引导的时间状语从句

before意为“在…之前”,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。
after意为“在…之后”,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。

Please turn off the lights before you leave the classroom.(先发生+后发生)
He arrived after the game started.(后发生+先发生)

注:
before常用于“It willwould(not)+一段时间+before”句型中,
肯定句意为“多长时间后才…”;
否定句意为“用不了多长时间就…”

It will be a long time before we finished this task. (我们需要很长时间才能完成这个任务)
It won’t be long before we meet again. (过不了多久我们就会再见面)

till和until引导的时间状语从句

untiltill意为“直到…为止 ”。当主句为否定句时,常构成“not…until…”的结构,意为“直到…才…”

1) 主句是否定句时
主句如果是否定句,则此时主句谓语动词用非延续性动词,表示主句的 动作从从句表示的时间点才开始,即“直
到…才…”

I didn’t know anything about it until you told me (否定句,谓语为非延续性动词)

2) 主句是肯定句时
主句如果是肯 定句,则此时主句谓语动词用延续性动词,表示主句的动作直到从句表示的时间点就结束,即“直
到…为 止”。

I will wait for you untiltill you come back.(肯定句,谓语动词为延续性动词)

注:



①用于句首时,常用until而不用till.
e.g. Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

②在强调结构中until不能改成till,且该强调句式常以“not until”形式存在,not与until放在一起进行强调。
e.g. It is not until you’ve finished your work that you are allowed to play football.

③“not…until”意为“直到…才…”,置于句首时,主句用部分倒装。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

since和ever since引导的时间状语从句

1) since意为“自从…”。表示强调时,sinc e前可加ever,主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时,从句常用一般过去
时。
I have lived in England since I was three.
It is two years since I became a college student.

2) 从句谓语动词不同,表达的意义不同。
since引导的从句谓语如果是延续性动词或 表示状态的动词,则从句表示的时间是从该动作或状态结束时算起。

It has been a year since he worked here.
他不在这里工作已经一年了。(work是延续性动词,因此从该动作结束算起)
He has written to me regularly since he was ill. (be ill 是表示状态的动词,因此从该动作结束时算起)

since引导的从句谓语如果是非延续性动词,则从句表示的时间从该动作开始时算起。

We haven’t seen each other since we parted.
自从我们分手以后,我们一直没有见过面。(part非延续性动词,因此从该动作开始时算起)
3)“ It ishas been…since+从句”句式。意为“自从…有多长时间了”
It ishas been 5 years since we last met.
自从我们上次见面以来已经有5年了。
注:
It ishas been…+since+一般过去时
It will be…+before+一般现在时
It washad been…+since+一般过去时

名词短语引导的时间状语从句

表示时间的名词短语有时也可引导时间状语从句,常见的此类名词短语有:

the time
the minute
the last time
那时
一…就…
上一次
the moment
the day
the second time
一…就…
那天
第二次


each day
next time
每一天
下一次
every time
any time
每一次
任何时候

The day he returned home, his father was already dead.

注:
以上的这些名词短语含有“每次,每天,每分 钟”等含义,引导时间状语从句时,这些名词前不加介词,后面不加
when等从属连词。

by the time引导的时间状语从句

by the time意为“到… 时候”,常表示到某一时间点为止。引导时间状语从句时,主句常用将来完成时或过去完成时。

By the time you graduate, you will have lived in Australia for one year.
By the time he arrived at the airport, the airplane had taken off.

表示“一…就…”的词引导的时间状语从句。

表示“一…就…”的词有:as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, “no sooner… than…”,
hardlyscarcely… when…”等。 这类词语表示从句动作一发生,主句的动作也随即发生。

I hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
The moment I saw it, I fell in love with it.

注:
“no sooner…than…”,“hardly …when…”引导时间状语从句时,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。此外,当把
no sooner, hardlyscarcely提到句首时,主句用部分倒装。

No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.
= He had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.

Hardly had I told him the news when he stopped listening.
=I hardly told him the news when he stopped listening.

地点状语从句

地点状语从句的引导词有when和wherever。

where, wherever指具体地点时,从句可用于主句之前或之后;
where, wherever表示抽象概念的含义时,从句需放在主句前。

A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. (where表示具体地点)
Where there is a will, there is a way.(where表示抽象概念)


where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别。

You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions. (状语从句)

地点状语从句与定语从句的转化

地点状语从句一般可以转化为定语从句,只要在where 前加“介词+the place”,便可变为定语从句

原因状语从句

原因状语从句的引导词

because 因为
now that既然
seeing (that) 由于
since既然,因为
in that由于某种原因
considering (that)考虑到
as因为,由于
for the reason that 因为
given (that) 考虑到
for因为



because, as, since, now that的用法和比较

区别
连词
because(因为)
as(由于)
sincenow that(既然)
主句前或后
主句前或后
主句前
直接因果关系
双方都知道的
原因



不能

不能
位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调

I am trying to lose weight because I’m so ashamed of my body.
It was because it didn’t rain for a long time that the crops failed.
As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut up.
Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?
Now that you are a high school student, you are responsible for what you do.

注:
when也可以表示原因,意为“既然,考虑到”,相当于since, considering (that)。
Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?

条件状语从句

条件状语从句的引导词
if如果
asso long as只要
supposing(that)假如,如果
unless除非
only if只要
providingprovided that倘若
once一旦
on condition that条件是
in case (that)以防,万一


One’s life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.


Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?
You can use my car on condition that you return it by next Monday.

unless引导的条件状语从句

unless与if…not可以互换,但是u nless语气较强。在unless引导的从句中,谓语不能再用否定式。

You will be late unless you leave immediately.
=You will be late, if you don’t leave immediately.

注:
if能用于虚拟条件句中,但unless不能。

only if引导的条件状语从句

如果only if 引导的条件状语从句位于主句之前,主句用部分倒装;如果only if 引导的条件状语从句位于主句之后,
主句要用正常语序。

Only if you finished the work can you play computer games. (主句用部分倒装)
I’ll tell you the secret only if you promise not to tell anyone else. (主句用正常语序)

条件状语从句的时态

当主句是将来时态时,条件状语从句常用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。

I will go there tomorrow unless it rainsif it doesn’t rain.
She said she would come if I invited her.


让步状语从句

让步状语从句的引导词

althoughthough尽管
whether…or… 不管…还是
even ifthough即使 as尽管
whether (or not)无论;是否 no matter+疑问词、疑问词- ever不论…

although和though引导的让步状语从句

although和though两者意思相同,一般可以互换,都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。

AlthoughThough it was raining hard, (yet) they went on playing football.

注:
Though还可 用作副词,单独置于句末,意为“但是,可是,不过”;although不可用作副词。在even though中一般


不可用although代替。

e.g. I’ve a bit of headache. It’s nothing much, though.

even if和even though引导的让步状语从句

这两个短语表示语气更强的让步,意为“即使”,引导的从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。

She insisted that her own opinion even ifthough she was wrong. (陈述语气)
Even if I were busy, I would go. (虚拟语气)

as引导的让步状语从句

as引导的让步状语从句放在主句之前,需用倒装语序,从句的表语、状语或动词原形位于句首。若表语 时名词,前
置时要省略冠词,though引导的让步状语从句有时也可以这样用。
该句型的倒装结构为:表语状语动词原形+asthough+主语+助动词be动词情态动词

Tired asthough he was, he continued his work.

no matter+疑问词和疑问词-ever引导的让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句时,两者可以进行互换。但是疑问词- ever还可引导名词性从句,而no matter+疑问词不可以。

Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live. (=wherever they live)
(no matter where引导的让步状语从句)
Whoever wants to go can write your name down here.
(whoever引导的名词性从句,不可用no matter who 替换)

whether(or not)和“whether…or…”引导的让步状语从句

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
Sports will be of great value to people, whether they are men or women, old or young.

方式状语从句

方式状语从句的引导词

as正如,像…;按照…方式
just as正如

as引导的方式状语从句

You must do as the teacher tells you.
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
as ifthough好像,似乎
the way像…



注:
方式状语从句应该放在主句之后。

as if和as though引导的方式状语从句

as if和as though引导的从句中一般用虚 拟语气。但是,若句中的内容与事实相符或实现的可能性较大,也可用陈
述语气。

I remember it as if it happened yesterday. (虚拟语气)
He closed his eyes as ifthough he was tired. (陈述语气)

目的状语从句

目的状语从句的引导词

in order that为了,以免
in case 以防,以免
so that 为了,以便
lest 免得,以防
for fear (that)以免,唯恐
for the purpose that为了

in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句

两者都意为“为了,以便”,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词can, could, may, might, would等。in order that比so that
正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的状语从句只能置于主句后。so that中的that有时可
省略。

In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time.

for fear (that), in case和lest引导的目的状语从句

这些从属连词意为“以防,以免”,引导的目的状 语从句中的谓语动词有时要用“(shouldmightcould)+动词原形”。

The boy hid himself behind the tree in casefor fear thatlest his father should see him.

注:
so that引导的目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别

so that既可以引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时,从句的谓语动词常含有 can, could,
may, might等情态动词。而引导结果状语时则没有。

He always works hard so that he may make great progress.(目的状语从句)
He always worked hard, so that he made great progress. (结果状语从句)


结果状语从句

结果状语从句的引导词

so that 以至于
so…that…如此…以至于…

so…that…引导的状语从句

在 so…that…结构中,so是副词,修饰形容词或副词。引导结果状语从句时常用以下结构。

形容词副词
manyfew+复数可数名词
so + muchlittle+不可数名词 +that +从句
形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词

Kitty is so lovely that we all like to play with her.
He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again.

注:
①that本身也可以引导结果状语从句。

What have you done that you look so tired?

②名词前有many, much, few, little修饰时,用“so…that…”结构, 但当little意为“小”时,用“such…that..”结构。

Such a little boy has so little difficulty in working out this problem that I admire him very much.

such…that…引导的状语从句

在such…that…结构中,such 是形容词,修饰名词名词或名词短语。引导结果状语从句时,常用以下结构:

a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词
such+ 形容词+复数可数名词 +that+从句
形容词+不可数名词

His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.
We had such terrible weather that we couldn’t finish the work.

注:
①“ such + a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+ that” 可与“ so +形容词+ a(n)单数可数名词+ that”互换,但一定要注意不定
冠词的位置。

e.g. Jack is such an honest student that we all believe him.
that 以至于
such…that…如此…以至于…


=Jack is so honest a student that we all believe him.

②so或such that置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。

e.g. So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal.
Such good news did we get that everyone was excited.

so that 引导的结果状语从句

so that 引导状语从句时,意为“以至于”,从句前有逗号与主句分开。so that引导结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用
情态动词can, could等。

He didn’t plan his time well, so that he didn’t finish his work on time.

注:
so that既可以引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时,从句的谓语动词常含有 can, could,
may, might等情态动词。而引导结果状语时则没有。

比较状语从句

比较状语从句一般位于句末,常用的引导词有as, than.

as引导的比较状语从句

as用于原级比较,常用“as…as…”结 构,其中第二个as后的从句即为比较状语从句。否定结构为“not asso…as…”。

He speaks English as well as you do.
He doesn’t play basketball asso well as you do.

than引导的比较状语从句

比较级常用“…than…”结构,than后的从句为比较状语从句。

We do more exercises than we did last term.

其它引导比较状语结构

“the+比较级…,the+比较级”结构,意为“越…,越…”
“no…more than ”n结构,意为“和…一样不”

状语从句的省略

状语从句中省略必须具备的条件


在表示时间、条件、让步、方式等 的状语从句中,如果从句谓语含有be动词,主语又和主句主语一致,,或其主
语是it,此时可将从句 主语和be动词一起省略。

Though (it is) cold, he still wears a shirt.
Unless (you are) here, you can’t find this kind of plants.
注:
as引导时间状语从句时,其后不能用省略形式,此时要用when, while代替。
WhenWhile talking, she burst into tears.(此时不用as引导)

if possiblenecessaryso也运用了省略形式,省略了it is.

If (it is) so, you must go back and get it.

其它特殊情况

①状语从句的主语尽管与主句主语不一致,但如果根据主、从句的对 应关系判断,意思比较明确,同时从句的谓语
又含有be动词的某种形式,则可省略从句中的主语和be 动词。

We all expect to live where the place is not polluted.

②如果状语从句中的主、从句都含有there be的某种形式,或只有状语从句含有there be的某种形式,从句中的there
be 可省略。

Give me a call if (there are) any mistakes about the paper

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