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语法复习六:状语从句
由从句担任的状语,在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容
词、副词或是整
个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让
步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目,也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。
高考中已考查了时间
、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句,这些从句仍是今后高
考热点,应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从
句也应引起重视。
(一)时间状语从句
表示时间的状语从句可由when, as,
while, whenever, after, before, till (until),
since,
once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the
time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) …
when, every time等引导。
e.g. When I came into
the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as soon as he
received the news.
Once you see him, you will
never forget him.
No sooner had I gone to bed
than I went to sleep.
(二)原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because,
since,
as , now that(既然)等,for
表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连
词,语气不如because强。
e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't
get the position.
As it is raining,
I will not go out.
Now that you mention it, I
do remember.
(三)地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where
和wherever等。
e.g. Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
(四)目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so, so
that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in
order that, in
case(以防,以免)等。
e.g. Speak clearly, so that they
may understand you.
She has bought
the book in order that she could follow the TV
lessons.
He left early in case he should miss
the train.
(五)结果状语从句
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。由so that
(从句谓语一般没有情态动词), so … that, such … that等引导。
e.g. She was ill, so that she
didn’t attend the meeting.
He was so
excited that he could not say a word.
She is
such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
(六)条件状语从句
条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实
相反或者
在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有
if
, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so
(as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意:条件从句
中的if
不能用whether替换。
e.g. If he
is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
You may borrow the book so long
as you keep it clean.
So far as I know(据我所知),
he will be away for three months.
You can go
swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go
too far away from
the river bank.
If he
had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen
her.
(七)让步状语从句
让步状语从句可由although, though,
as, even if (though), however, whatever,
whether … or, no matter who (when, what, …)
等引导。注意:as引导的让步状语从句
一般是倒装的。
e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a
lot.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll
never change my mind.
(八)方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather
than等引导。
e.g. You must do the exercise as I
show you.
He acted as if nothing had
happened.
(九)比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the
more等引导。
e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes
than you have.
He smokes cigarettes
as expensive as he can afford.
The busier he
is, the happier he feels.
(十)使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1、在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句
通常用一般现
在时表示将来。
e.g. We’ll go outing if
it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
I’ll write to you
as soon as I get to Shanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或
让步从句,如果从句的主语与主句主语一致
(或虽不一致,是it),从句的谓语又包含动词be
,就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”
部分。
e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had
to work day and night.
If (you are)
asked you may come in.
If (it is) necessary
I’ll explain to you again.
3、注意区分不同从句:引导的是什么从句
,不仅要根据连词,还要根据句子结
构和句意来判别。以where为例,能引导多种从句。
e.g. You
are to find it where you left it.(地点状语从句)
Tell me the address where he
lives.(定语从句,句中有先行词)
I don’t know where he came
from.(宾语从句)
Where he has gone is not known
yet.(主语从句)
This place is where they once
hid.(表语从句)
练习、状语从句
一、用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句,并指出是哪种状语从句:
1. Child as
she is, she knows a lot of things.
2. The
more I can do for the class, the happier I’ll be.
3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all
about it.
4. He is such a good teacher that
the students love and respect him.
5.I shall
go to the park unless it rains.
6. No sooner
had I got home than it began to rain.
7. Where
there is water, there is life.
8. He studied
hard so that he could catch up with his
classmates.
9. Since you are very busy, I
won't trouble you.
10. Even if (though) I
fail. I’ll never lose heart.
11. Once you
begin the work, you must continue.
12. I will
find her wherever she may be.
13. Now that
you've come, you'd better have dinner with us.
14. He was so excited that he couldn't fall
asleep.
15. We must do everything as he tells
us.
16. India is much bigger than Japan.
17. No matter when you come, you are warmly
welcome.
18. As (So) long as you work hard,
you can catch up with the other classmates.
二、用适当的连词填空:
1. Dr. Bethune
(白求恩) came to China __________ he was fifty.
2. He began to work __________ he got there.
3. Let's begin our meeting __________everyone
is here.
4. I like the English people,
__________ I don't like their food.
5.
__________ you go in China, you can see smiling
faces.
6. He didn't come to the lecture,
__________ he was very busy.
7. __________we
had enough time, we walked to the cinema.
8.
They will help you __________ you meet with
difficulty.
9. _________ we came to the
university, we have learnt quite a lot.
10.I
didn't join them yesterday evening __________ I
had to go to an important meeting.
11. We
would try to get a car __________we could all
travel together more easily.
12. She wouldn't
forget her mother's birthday __________ she seldom
wrote to her family.
13. We're doing
everything we can to make things as easy for you
___________we can.
14. The meeting became so
disorderly __________ the speaker had to shout the
audience
down.
15. He was angrier
__________ ever before.
16. __________ you
lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.
17. The boy was so tired __________ he fell
asleep on the bus.
18. Hard _________ he
tried, he couldn’t force the door open.
三、选择填空:
1. I’ll let you know ____ he comes
back.
A. before B. because C. as soon as
D. although
2. She will sing a song
____ she is asked.
A. if B. unless C.
for D. since
3. We will work ____ we are
needed.
A. whenever B. because C. since
D. wherever
4. Read it aloud _____ the class
can hear you.
A. so that B. if C. when
D. although
5._____ you go, don't forget your
people.
A. Whenever B. However C.
Wherever D. Whichever
6. It is about ten
years _____ I met you last.
A. since
B. for C. when D. as
7. They will
never succeed, _____ hard they try.
A. because
B. however C. when D. since
8. _____ still
half drunk, he made his way home.
A. When
B. Because C. Though D. As
9. _____ she was
very tired, she went on working.
A. As
B. Although C. Even D. In spite of
10. Busy
_____ he was, he tried his best to help you.
A. as B. when C. since D. for
11. I learned a little Russian _____ I was at
middle school.
A. though B. although
C. as if D. when
12. _____ we got to the
station, the train had left already.
A. If
B. Unless C. Since D. When
13. _____ the
rain stops, we' 11 set off for the station.
A.
Before B. Unless C. As soon as D. Though
14. She was _____ tired _____ she could not
move an inch.
A. so, that B. such, that
C. very, that D. so, as
15. We didn’t
go home _____ we finished the work.
A. since
B. until C. because D. though
16. I'll stay
here _____ everyone else comes back.
A. even
if B. as though C. because D. until
17. Although it's raining, _____ are still
working in the field.
A. they B. but
they C. and they D. so they
18. Speak to him
slowly _____ he may understand you better.
A.
since B. so that C. for D. because
19. You'll miss the train ______ you hurry up.
A. unless B. as C. if D. until
20. When you read the book, you' d better make
a mark _____ you have any questions.
A. at
which B. at where C. the place D. where
21. We'd better hurry ______ it is getting
dark.
A. and B. but C. as D.
unless
22. I didn' t manage to do it _____ you
had explained how.
A. until B. unless C.
when D. before
23._____ he comes, we won't
be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C.
Except D. Even
24. I hurried _____ I
wouldn't be late for class.
A. since B. so
that C. as if D. unless
25. _____ I catch
a cold, I have pain in my back.
A. Every time
B. Though C. Even D. Where
26. What's the
matter _____ they still haven't answered the
telegram?
A. when B. that C. though
D. however
27. Bring it nearer _____ I may see
it better.
A. although B. even though C. so
that D. since
28. You may arrive in
Beijing early _____ you mind taking the night
train.
A. that B. though C. unless D. if
29. Helen listened carefully _____ she might
discover exactly what she needed.
A. in that
B. in order that C. in case D. even though
30. More people will eat out in restaurants
_____ they do today.
A. than B. when C.
while D. as
31._____ hard she tries, she can
hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.
A. Much B. However C. As D. Although
32. Poor _____ it may be, there is no place
like home, _____ you may go.
A. as; wherever
B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. that;
wherever
33. The child was __ immediately
after supper.
A. enough tired to go to bed
C. so tired that he went to bed
B. too
tired to go to bed
D. very tired, he went to
bed
34. The history of nursing __ the history
of man.
A. as old as B. is old than C. that
is as old as D. is as old as
35. _____ born
in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories
about New York.
A. Since B. Once C. When
D. Although
36._____ we stood at the top of
the building, the people below were hardly
visible.
A. As B. Although C. Unless
D. In spite of
37. Scarcely was George
Washington in his teens _____ his father died.
A. than B. as C. while D. when
38.
_____ David goes, he is welcome.
A. Whichever
B. However C. Wherever D. Whatever
39. The
house stood _____ there had been a rock.
A.
which B. at which C. when D. where
40.
Small _____ it is, the pen is a most useful tool.
A. because B. so C. if D. as
41. After the new technique was introduced,
the factory produced _____ tractors in 1988
as
the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many
twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
42.
The piano in the other shop will be _____, but
_____.
A. cheaper; not as better
C.
cheaper; not as good
B. more cheap;
not as better
D. more cheap; not as good
43. John plays football _____, if not better
than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so
well D. so well as
44. Although he is
considered a great writer,
A. his works are
not widely read B. but his works are not widely
read
D. still his works are not widely C.
however his works are not widely read
read
45. ___ the day went on, the weather got
worse.
A. With B. Since
C.
While D. As
46.—What was the party like?
—Wonderful. It' s years _____ I enjoyed myself
so much.
A. after B. when C. before D.
since
47. It was not _____ she took off her
dark glasses _____ I realized she was a famous
film
star.
A. when; that B. until; that
C. until; when D. when; then
48. If we work
with a strong will, we can overcome any
difficulty, _____ great it is.
A. what B.
how C. however D. whatever
49. After the
war, a new school building was put up _____ there
had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
50._____, Mother will wait
for him to have dinner together.
A.
However late is he
C. However is he late
B. However he is late
D. However late he is
51. He will come to
call on you the moment he ____ his painting.
A. will finish B. finished C. has finished D.
had finished
52. ____ difficult the task may
be, we will try our best to complete it in time.
A. No matter B. No wonder C. Though D.
However
53. It was ____ that she couldn’t
finish it by herself.
A. so difficult a work
B. such a difficult work C. so difficult work
difficult work
D. such
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