翻译在线发音-明朗的反义词
状语从句
1.引导状语从句的连词
时间状语从句 when（as、whi
le）（当……时候）、since（自从）、before（在……
之前）、after（在……之后
）、until（till）（直到……才）、whenever（每当）、once
（一旦）、eve
ry time（每当）、the day
（在……那天）、as soon
as（一……就）、hardly（scarcely）……when（一……
就）、no soone
r……than（一……就）、instantly（immediately、directly）（一……<
br>就）、the moment（minute、second、instant）（一……就）
地点状语从句
每个地方）
原因状语从句 because(as、fo
r)（因为）、since（既然）、when（既然）、now（that）
where（在……地方
）、wherever（在任何地方）、every where（在
（既然）、in
that（因为、既然）
条件状语从句
if（如果）、unless（除非）、as（so）long as（只要）、providing
（
provided）（that）（假如）、suppose（supposing）（that）（假如）、i
n case（如
果）、only if（如果）、if only（但愿、如果……就好了）、on
condition that（条
件是）
让步状语从句
though（although）（虽然）、even if（even
though）（即使）、
while（虽然、尽管）、whatever（no matter
what）（无论如何）、whenever（no matter
when）（无论何时）、wherever（no matter
where）（无论哪里）、whoever（no matter
who）（无论谁）、however（no matter how）（无论怎样）、for
all（that）（尽管）、
granting（granted）
that（即使）、whether……or（不论……还是）、in spite
of
（despite）the fact that（不管）
结果状语从句 so
that（so、that）（结果）、so（such）……that（如此……以
至于）、but
that（but）（要不是）
目的状语从句 so
that（so、that）（为了、以使）、lest（以防）、in
case（以
防、以免）、for fear that（以防）、in order
that（为了）
比较状语从句 than（比……）、as……as（像……一样）、not
so（as）……as
（不像……一样）、（not）the same
as（（不）同……一样）、not so as（不如）、
（not）
such……as（（不）如……）
方式状语从句 as（像……、犹如……）、as if（as
though）（好像、仿佛）、the
way（……的样子）
2、时间状语从句（表示时间的状语从句）
①when、whenever、while和as
when意为“当……时候”，表示某个具体的时间。所引导从句的动作或是与主句的
动作 <
br>同时发生，或是先于主句动作。when可指一段时间也可指一点时间（即时间点）；
既可表示一
时性动作又可表示持续性的动作。whenever意为“每当”，指的是任何
一个不具体的时间。as
意为“当……时候”更侧重于“一边……一边……”，as
还可表示“随着”。while表示一个时间
段，只能表示持续性的动作或状态，不能
表示一次性或短暂性的动作。例如：
He
entered the lecture hall when (as或while)the
lecturer was speaking.
（指一段时间）
While (as)
he was studying, his brother was sleeping.（指一段时间）
When (as) he arrives, I will inform him of
it.（指一点时间不能用while）
I was doing my homework
when suddenly the telephone rang.（指一点时间）
②before和after
before意为“在……之前”，表示从句的动作发生在主句
动作之后。after意为
“在……之后”，表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。例如：
He had done good preparations before he went
to college.
After he had tried many times and
failed in the end, he gave up.
③until和till
这两个词都表示“直到……、到……为止”。表示一个动作持续到某
一时刻为止。
二者用法相近，但在句首时只能用until。例如：
He waited
at home untiltill it stopped raining.
Until
all the lights in the street had been off, the boy
went home.
A、not……until可用于强调句中，这种强调结构只能用until（
till）不用before。
例如：
It wasn’t until ten
o’clock that the lazy boy got up.
B、not……until
可以位于句首表示强调，运用倒装结构，这时不可用before。例
如：
Not
until yesterday did I find the missing bag at
home.
Not until he was punished did the boy
realize his fault.
=It was not until he was
punished that the boy realized his fault.
=The
boy didn’t realize his fault until he was
punished.
④since
A、since表示“自从……”，所引导的从句一般要
用非延续性动词，主句多用延续
性动词和完成时态。例如：
He has worked
at this college since he graduated.
B、since引导的
从句若用延续性动词或状态动词的过去时，则表示该动作或状态的
完成或结束。例如：
It
has been five years since he worked
here.他不在这工作已经五年了
Since he lived here, I have
lost touch with him. (=Since he left
here……)
自从他不住在这儿，我就和他失去了联系
Since he was at
school, he has worked in that city. (=Since he
wasn’t at
school……)自从他下学，他就在这个城市工作
⑤hardly（scarcely）……when（before）和no sooner
……than
这几个连词词组都表示“一……就……”，强调主句和从句的动作相继发
生。此结
构有以下两个特点：一是主句谓语动词用过去完成时（had
done的形式），从句谓
语动词用一般过去时；二是否定副词hardly、scarcely和no
sooner位于句首，主
句用部分倒装结构，助动词had提到主语前面。例如：
Hardly had they fallen in love with each other
when they got married.
=They had hardly fallen
in love with each other when they got married.
No sooner had I arrived home than it rained
heavily.
⑥as soon
as、directly、instantly、immediately和the moment
这
几个连词都表示“一……就……”，表示从句动作一发生，主句动作立刻发生。
名词词组the
instant、the moment、the minute、the second、every
time、any
time、next time、the first time、the
last time、the day、the month、the week、
the
year、the morning、the afternoon等也可作为连词引导时间状语从句。例如：
He went to the office immediately he received
the notice.
As soon as I arrive, I will make a
telephone call to you.
The moment
(minutesecondinstant)he saw her he fell in love
with her deeply.
Every time I meet her, she
will smile to me.
He got married the summer he
graduated from college.
3、地点状语从句（表示地点的状语从句） 地点状语从句由where、wherever和anywhere引导，位置较灵活可放在主句后也可放在主句前。where指“在某个地方”、wherever指“在任何地方”、everywhere<
br>指“每个地方”。例如：
Where there is a will, there is
a way.
Put the book back where it is.
Wherever we go, our parents will miss us.
Anywhere you go, I will accompany you.
4、原因状语从句（表示原因的状语从句）
①because、since、as和for
A、because表示原因时语气最强，常用来回答why引导的疑问句。用于强调句
强调
原因时只能用because不可用其它三个词，because可和强调词just、only以
及not
连用。because从句一般位于主句后，也可放在主句前面表示强调。
B、si
nce语气比because弱，表示一种附带的原因或是对方已知的事实，表示一种
显然的理由，相当
于汉语的“既然”，引导的从句常放在句首。since可用于省略
句中（如since
、so“既然如此”），其他三个词不能用于省略句中。
C、as语气较弱，只是对主句的附带说明，
表示不言自明的原因或是已知的事实。
as引导的从句通常放在主句前。
D、for表示原因
时语气最弱，for引导的从句并不是主句行为的直接原因，只起到
一种补充说明的作用。只能放在主句
后面，不可位于主句前，且用逗号同主句隔开。
例如
—Why do you
disagree to the proposal?
—Because it is
unpractical.(只能用because)
He cut class just
because he didn’t like math. (只能用because)
It
was because he received high education that he had
more opportunities than
others. (只能用because)
Because he broke the traffic rule, he was
fined.（表示强调）
We must get rid of carelessness,
for it often leads to errors.（位于主句
后用逗号同主句隔开）
Since you have no time to spare, I will turn
to others for help.
As I get lost, I don’t
know how to go back.
②now（that）、in that
这两个连词意思相近意为“既然、由于”。now that位于句首，in
that位于句中。
例如：
Now (that) you have done good
preparations, you needn’t feel worried.
All of
us like him in that he is very humorous.
5、条件状语从句
①if和unless
if表示正面条件意为“如果”，unless表示反面条件意为“除非、如果不”相当于
if
not，一般情况下可以互换。
If it is sunny tomorrow, we’ll
go hiking.
You will be late unless you hurry.
If you don’t have a good command of English
grammar, you won’t study English
well.
=Unless you have a good command of English
grammar, you won’t study English
well.
②providedproviding（that）、supposesupposing（that）、
so（as）long as、
on condition that、in
case、assuming（that）、given（that）等。例如：
Supposingsuppose it rains, what should we do?
Providingprovided (that) you can keep the
secret to yourself, I can tell
you about it.
Assuming (that) an earthquake took place, what
would happen to the village?
In case I can’t
arrive on time, you can go first without me.
③only if和if only
only
if表示“只要”，only起到强调的作用，引导的从句用陈述语气；if
only
引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿……、如果……就好了”。例如：
Only
if you respect others, you’ll be respected.
If
only I were a millionaire.
If only I had
followed his advice.
6、让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等含义，不可和but同时使用，两者只能
用一个。但可和ye
t、still、nevertheless等连用。
①although、though、even
though和even if
这几个词或词组都表示“虽然、即使、尽管”。even
though和even if语气较强
而although和though相对较弱，althoug
h较正式而though较通俗。让步状语从
句可位于主句前也可位于主句后。例如：
Although our parents often criticize and even
beat us, we still love them.
Though I like
listening to music, I can’t sing.
Even though
(if) he is rich, yet he isn’t happy.
Though
most of us are against it, nevertheless I am for
it.
在让步状语从句中though和although常可互换，但在下列几种情况下只能用though不能用although。
A、though可和even连用表示强调而although不可以。例如：
Even
though the process is full of difficulties, the
result is wonderful and
satisfactory.
B、though可同as连用构成as though，相当于as if表示“好像”。例如：
It looks as though it’s going to rain.
C、t
hough可用于倒装式的让步状语从句中，相当于as，而although则不可以。例
如：
Tough though the situation is, I will face up
to it.
D、though作为副词或等立连词时表示转折，意为“然而、却”，不可用alth
ough。
例如：
He speaks English quickly though
correctly.
It is a fact, though.
②whether……or（not）
从属连词whether……or意为no
matter
whether……or……，引导让步状语从句
提供两个对比的情况，表示“不管”。例如：
Whether you like it or not, you’ll have
to do it.
Whether you go with me or stay at
home, I will go.
Whether or not it rains, the
meeting will be held on time.
③whatever、whoeve
r、whichever、whenever、wherever和however
这几个词除可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。相当于no matter
what、
no matter who、no matter which、no matter
when、no matter where和no matter
how表示“无论什么、无论谁、无论哪一个、无论何时、无论何地、无论如何”但
“no
matter+特殊疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。例如：
Whatever
you say, I won’t believe you. (=no matter what)
Whoever respects us, we should respect him.
(=no matter who)
Whenever she gets angry, he
will cheer her up. (=no matter when)
Wherever
you go, I will keep you company. (=no matter
wherever)
Whichever color you choose, the tie
will match your coat well. (=no matter
which)
However careful we are, we will err. (no
matter how)
让步状语从句中的倒装
though引导的让步状语从句可以运用
倒装结构而其它从属连词则不可以。在倒装结
构中，though可用as或that代替。但用as和
that引导让步状语从句时必须倒装。
倒装形式主要有以下几种。
A、名词+though（as、that）+主语+be动词
Manager
though(as、that) he is, he is very modest.
这时作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时，名词不能同冠词连用。
B、形容词+
though（as、that）+主语+谓语
Strong though you are,
you can’t lift it.
这时作表语的形容词前不能添加任何表示程度的副词。
C、副词+ though（as、that）+主语+谓语
Hard as he
works, he was unable to make great progress.
D、原形动词+ though（as、that）+主语+助动或情态动词
Fail many times as he did, he never lost
heart.
Search though they might, they can’t
find anybody in the house.
E、现在分词+
though（as、that）+主语+be动词或助动词
Raining as it is,
I’m going to visit you.
Living, as he does,
alone in the mountain, he feels pleased.
F、过去分词+ though（as、that）+主语+be动词
Praised as
he was, he remained modest.
但上述有些结构并非总是表示让步，名词或过去分词放在句首时也可以表示原因。
例如：
Child as he is, he doesn’t experience some
social problems.
Born as he is in a rich
family, he grows up better than others.
Tired
as he was, he stopped working and went to bed.（原因）
Tired as he was, he continued to work.（让步）
7、结果状语从句
①so……that和such……that
这两个短语表示“如此……以至于……”，常用的结构如下。
so+形容词（副词）+that
so+形容词+a（an）+可数名词单数+that
such+形容词+复数名词+that
such+形容词+不可数名词+that
such+a（an）+形容词+可数名词单数+that
The boy is so
young that he can’t go to school.
He had so
many papers to do that he stayed up late.
I
had so little money that I couldn’t afford that
car.
He is such a clever boy that everyone
likes him.
=He is so clever a boy that
everyone likes him.
②so that、so和so that
这三个词也可引导结果状语从句，也可理解为so
that中的so或that可省略一个。
so that最常见，so和that多用于口语中。so
that引导的结果状语常用逗号同主
句隔开。例如：
He got up late,
so that he didn’t catch the first bus.
He
didn’t obey the rule, so he was fined.
What
trouble did you meet that you gave up.
Such
that也可引导结果状语从句，such常作表语。例如：
The weather was
such that I wouldn’t go out.
8、目的状语从句
目的状语
从句表示“为了、以便”，常同表示“能够”的情态动词连用。如：can、
could、may和mi
ght。有时偶尔也可用shall、should、will和would。
①so
that和in order that
这是两个最常见的引导目的状语从句的短语，表示“为了、目的是、以便”。so
that
较常见，in order that多用于较正式的场合。In order
that从句可放在主句前或
主句后，而so
that从句一般放在主句后面，有时放在主句前表示强调。例如：
Speak loudly so
that you can be heard clearly.
In order that
others will notice her, she wear a bright coat.
The teacher explained the answer again and
again in order that we could
understand it
fully.
②lest、in case和for fear that
这三个词都表示“以防、以免”引导目的状语从句。lest从句要用虚拟语气，in
case
和for fear that引导的目的状语从句一般用虚拟语气间或用陈述语气。例如：
Take an umbrella, lest it should rain.
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
She got
up early for fear that he would be late for work.
lest、in case和for fear
that引导目的状语从句可以转换为so that或in order
that+否定动词或否定的不定式或动名词短语。例如：
He got up early
lest(for fear that、in case) he should miss the
first train.
= He got up early so
that(so、that、in order that) he wouldn’t miss the
first
train.
= He got up early in orderso
as not to miss the first train.
= He got up
early for fear of missing the first train.
③如何区别结果状语从句和目的状语从句
通过上述结果状语从句和目的状语从句的讲述，我们知道so
that既可引导结果状
语从句也可引导目的状语从句。那么如何辨别so
that引导的从句是结果状语从句
还是目的状语从句呢？可以从以下方面予以区别。
A、目的状语从句中的动词前要用can、could、may、
might、shall、should、will
和would
等情态动词，表示某种可能性，是主观愿望；而结果状语从句则不用，表示的是客
观事实。
B、引导结果状语从句的so that前常有逗号，而引导目的状语从句的so
that前一
般不用逗号。
C、结果状语从句都放在主句后，而目的状语从句可放在主句前或后。例如：
So that
we could finish the task on time, we worked day
and night.（目的
状语从句）
He was ready to help
others, so that he was respected by
everyone.（结果
状语从句）
He arrived at the
railway station early, so that he caught the
train.（结
果状语从句）
He arrived at the railway
station early so that he caught the
train.（目
的状语从句）
D、连词so……that引导的结果状语从
句时，它的否定形式so……that……not有
一个变体so……but，而目的状语从句中不存在
。例如：
He is not so injured that he may not
stand.
= He is not so injured but he may
stand.
9、比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的关联词有than（用于不同级之间的
比较即比较级）、as……as、
the same
……as和such……as（用于表示同等程度的比较）、否定句用not
so
（as）……as、not the same……as和not such……as。例如：
He is taller than his brother (is).
He
knew Tom better than you (knew him).
Jim
studied harder than Johnson (did).
He spoke as
rudely as he quarreled.
Your bike is the same
as mine.
I can’t play basketball asso well as
he.
10、方式状语从句
①as和just as
这两个连词的意思是“尤如……、好像……”，just
as比as强调性更强，as前也
可用exactly加以强调。例如：
I did
just as you told me.
Exactly the character
belongs to a person, Taiwan is part of China.
②as if和as though
as if和as though引导方式状语从句时，
从句可用陈述语气表示符合或有可能符
合事实的情况；也可用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情
况。另外，as if
和as
though从句可用省略形式，后面通常接不定式、分词、形容词或介词短语。
例如：
It
looks as if (as though) it is going to rain.
The kind lady treats e as if I were her
son.
He looked around as if (he was) to look
for something.
She stood anxiously as if (she
was) waiting for somebody.
He didn’t speak to
anybody today as if (he was) sad.
The little
boy cried sadly as if (he was) bullied by others.
The man looked as if (he was) in search for
his book.
练习：
1. After the war，a new
school building was put up ________ there had once
been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which
D. when
2. ____ he took part in the
competition, he won a second prize.
A. For the
first time
D. The first time
B. At a
time C. At one time
4. I had just
started back for the house to change my clothes
_____ I heard
the voices.
A. as B.
after C. while D. when
5. The
class went on with the story _____ they had left
it before the holiday.
A. where B. which
C. in which D. when
7. --- Is Mr. Smith in
the office?
--- Yes，________ he is in charge
of （负责）the office，he must be there.
A. since
B. however C. whether D. for
8. Someone called
me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up
________
I could answer the phone.
A. as
B. since C. until D. before
9. --- Don’t look
down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
---
Oh, yes. ________ others are weak, he is strong.
A. If B. When C. Where D. Though
10. The day must be breaking, _____ the
birds have begun singing.
A. because B.
as C. for D. since
11. John may
phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ________ he
phones.
A. as long as B. in order to C. in
case D. so that
12. ____others say, the expert
is sure that his theory is correct
A. No
matter
What
13. Many places are flooded
by heavy rainfalls, so they can’t walk _______
they like these days.
A. when B.
whenever C. where D. wherever
B. It
doesn’t matter C. Whatever D.
14. His father
began to work ______ his childhood.
A. since
B. before C. as early as D. while
15.
The roof fell _____ he had time to dash into the
room to save his baby.
A. before B. as
C. after D. until
16. --- The thread of
my kite broke and it flew away.
--- I had told
you it would easily break ________it was the
weakest
A. when B. where C. unless
D. since
17. The crowd started cheering ______
he rose to speak.
A. as B. since
C. till D. where
18. I had worked here
______ you came here. But I shall leave for
England
______.
A. before long, before
long
C. long before, before long
B.
before long; long before
D. long before; long
before
19. Scientists say it may be five or
ten years _____ it is possible to test
this
medicine on human patients.
A. since B.
before C. after D. when
20. ___
the Internet is bringing the distance between
people, it may also
be breaking some
homes or will cause other family problems.
A.
When B. If C. As D. While
21. Though he is in his sixties, ______ he
works as hard as a young man
A. yet B.
but C. and D. and yet
22. The two
girls look ____ much alike ____ no one can tell
them apart.
A. so, that B. so, and C.
as, that D. such, that
23. John shut
everybody out of the kitchen _________ he could
prepare his
grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
24. Beijing is larger than ____ city in Africa
A. any B. other C. each D.
any other
25. We must hurry up ________ catch
the last train.
A. that B. so that to C. in
order that D. in order to
26. No
matter________ hard it may be，I will carry it out.
A. what B. whatever C. how D. however
27.
________ you may do，you must do it well.
A.
Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When
28. ---
Are you thinking about going to New York for the
holiday?
--- No. But if I ________ the time，I
would definitely go.
A. have B. had C. have
had D. would have
29. ________ you are so
weak，you’d better stay at home.
A. Since B.
For C. Because D. Though
30. English and
French are taught here. You can choose ________
you like.
A. no matter which
whatever
31. I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not
seen each other ________ I left
London.
B.
whichever C. which D.
A. as B. before
C. since D. till
32. I’ll be back before you
________.
A. will leave B. will have left C.
leave D. would leave
33. The problem won’t be
settled until we ________ a chance to discuss it
thoroughly.
A. have had B. will have C.
will have had D. would have
34. If you
________ this experiment，you will understand the
theory better.
A. will be doing B. have done
C. will have done D. would do
35. They went
on working ________ it was late at night.
A.
even if B. as if C. however D. as though
36.
I hurried ________ I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
37. ________ you talk to someone or write a
message，you show your skills
to others.
A.
At times B. Some time C. By the time D. Every
time
38. Although he is considered a great
writer，________.
A. however his works are not
widely read
are not widely read
C. his
works are not widely read
read
39. We
should finish the important job，________.
A.
long it takes however
C. long however it takes
B. it takes however long
D. however long
it takes
D. still his works are not widely
B. but his works
40. ________ comes to the
party will receive a gift.
A. No matter who B.
Who
C. Which one D. Whoever