国际音标发音规则大全

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国际音标发音规则大全

一、26个英文字母及发音音标如下:
A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef] G g [d?i:]
H h [eit?]
I i [ai] J j [d?ei] K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [?? ]
P p [pi:]
Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w
[′d?b?lju:]
X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:] [zed]
二、以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [ei] [eit?] [d?ei] [kei]
2) 含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d?i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3) 含元音音素[e]
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4) 含元音字母Uu或元音音素[u:]
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [′d?b?lju:]
5) 含元音音素[ai]
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
6) Don’t forget Oo ?? and Rrɑ:
三、区别元音字母Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu与元音二十个音素。
不定冠词a 放在辅音开头的词前；an放在元音开头的词前。大多数元音字母
开头的词，一般发元音，但有些就不是 ，如字母Uu, 单词useful, university,
European等。一般辅音字母开头的词发辅音，但有些就不是，如hour, honest这
两个单词中h都不发音。如：1) an Aa Ee Ii Oo, an Ll Ss Xx Rr
an orangeappleegg English teacher eraser ID card 11-year-old
boy；
an hour [′a??] 一小时，an honest man一个诚实的人（这儿的h不发音）
an 8-year-old boy 一位八岁的男孩 an egg an eraser
2) a Uu Bb Pp a useful [′jU:sful]book一本有用的书（这儿u第一
个音发 j）a university[ju::n?′v?:s?t?] 一座大学 a
European[′ju:r?p??n] man 一位欧州人如：There is an “r” and a “u”in
the word “ruler”.
He is an English teacher. He’ll be back in half an hour.
I eat an apple and a pear every day.
四、英语国际音标表（48个）
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长元音
单元音(12个)
元音
短元音
(20个)
双元音(8个)
10对
(20
个)
[ai] [ei]
[t]
[d]
[n]
[r]
[j]
[i:] [
[i]
[
i]
[k]
[g]
] [] [u:] [a:]
[
]
[
]
[s]
[z]
[u]
[u
]
[] [e] [] []
[i
]
[f]
[v]
清辅音 [p]
辅音
浊辅音 [b]
(28
[m]
个)
鼻音(3个)
似拼音(3个) [h]
半元音(2个) [w]
[
]
[ ∫
[]
]
[
[]
]
[au]
[] [tr] [ts]
[ d
?]
[dr] [dz]
[]
[l]



eord完美格式

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前
元
音
后
元
音
中
元
音
双
元
音
爆
破
音
摩
擦
音
破
擦
音
鼻
辅
音
舌
侧
音
半
元
音

i: ? e ?

ɑ: ? ?: ? U:

? ?: ?

e? a? ?? ?? a? ?? e? ??

p b t d k g





f v θ ? s z ? ?

r h

ts dz tr dr t? d?

m n ?

?

j w
五、国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系
从音标到字母和字母组合
１、单元音：

[i:]: ⑴e:he she me we these Chinese Japanese
⑵ea:tea eat meat sea
⑶ee:see tree meet green teen
⑷ei:receive
⑸ey:key
⑹i:police policeman policewoman machine
⑺eo:people
⑻ie:piece field believe thief
[?]: ⑴a:orange cabbage
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⑵ay:Sunday holiday
⑶e:begin English pretty cinema
⑷ey:monkey volleyball
⑸i:it is in big this
⑹y:city very sorry
⑺u:busy
⑻ui:build building
⑼ai:captain mountain certainly
[e]: ⑴a:any many anyone anything anybody anywhere
⑵ai:said paid
⑶ay:says
⑷e:pen bed yes egg desk
⑸ea:bread head breakfast
⑹u:bury
[?]:a:bag am and at sad happy handsome
[ɑ:]:⑴a:class banana father after
⑵al:half palm calm
⑶ar:car far park arm star party
⑷au:aunt laugh
⑸ear:heart
[
?
]: ⑴o: come none love other mother another some money honey
⑵oo:blood flood
⑶ou:touch country enough young
⑷u:bus sun but cut up us mutton
[?:]:⑴ear:learn earth early heard
⑵er:her term
⑶ir:first girl bird skirt sir third
⑷or在
w后
:work word world worse worst
⑸ur:nurse turn hurt Thursday
⑹yr:myrtle
⑺our:journalist journal
[?]:⑴a:along about banana Canada China
⑵e:student open children different differently
⑶i:holiday April
⑷o:today welcome police
⑸u:minus autumn
⑹er:father mother brother sister player singer winner meter
⑺or:doctor forget mirror color visitor actor
⑻ar:sugar grammar
⑼re:metre tired fire
⑽ou:delicious previous
⑾ur:surprise Saturday
⑿our:colour
⒀ure:picture pleasure nature future temperature
eord完美格式

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⒁oar:cupboard
⒂yr:martyr satyr
[u:]:⑴ew:flew grew review blew threw
⑵o:do to who whose whom
⑶oo:too zoo food pool boot school
⑷ou:soup group through
⑸u:blue glue June
⑹ui:fruit juice
⑺oe:shoe
[?]:⑴o:woman wolf
⑵oo:book look good foot
⑶oul:could would should
⑷u:put sugar full push
[?]:⑴([w])a:want wash watch what
⑵o:hot on not sorry dog
⑶ou:cough
⑷au:Australia
[?:]:⑴(w)a:water
⑵al:all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall walk
⑶([w])ar:warm quarter war
⑷au:August autumn daughter caught taught
⑸aw:draw saw law
⑹oor:door floor
⑺ore:more before
⑻or:or for short sport
⑼ou:bought brought thought fought
⑽our:four your
⑾awe:awe awed aweless
⑿oar:board blackboard cupboard keyboard
⒀o:story
２、双元音：
[a?]:⑴i:time like nice fine five write
⑵y:my by why
⑶i(g):sign high light right
⑷ie:die lie tie
(5)ei: height
[e?]:⑴a:name cake game face place
⑵ai:rain train wait straight
⑶ay: day may okay play today yesterday
⑷ei:veil vein
⑸ei(gh):eight eighteen eighty
⑹ey:they
⑺ea:great break
[??]:⑴e:zero cereal serious
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⑵ea:real really idea cereal
⑶ere:here
⑷ear:ear dear hear near clear
⑸eer:beer deer pioneer
[??]:⑴o:go no nose home
⑵ow:show know yellow window
⑶oa:goat boat coat
⑷ou:shoulder though although
⑸oe:woe
[??]:⑴ure:sure
⑵oor:poor
⑶our:tour tourist
[a?]:⑴ou:out about house blouse mouse mouth
⑵ow:how now cow bow
[e?]:⑴air:air hair chair fair unfair
⑵are:care hare parent careful carefully
⑶ear:pear wear bear
⑷ere:there where
⑸eir:their theirs
⑹a:Mary
[??]:⑴oi:oil toilet boil soil join
⑵oy:boy toy employee
３、辅音：
清浊成对辅音：
[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[?] [?]-[?]
[ts]-[dz] [t?]-[d?] [tr]-[dr]
清音浊化：清辅音[p] [t] [k] [tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即
发其浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [dr] ，但音标仍写成清辅音。如：sport[sp?:t]，
student[′stju:d?nt]， sky[ska?], street[stri:t]。但弱读时[s]后的清辅
音仍读请辅音，不读 相对的浊辅音。如：hostess[′h??st?s]。
[p]:⑴p:pen map help cheap pencil paper
⑵pp:apple happy appear
[b]:⑴b:bag by bed boy bus blue
⑵bb:rabbit cabbage
[t]:⑴t:ten time not get table
⑵tt:bottle bottom little pretty
⑶ed:watched washed cooked helped danced dressed laughed
[d]:⑴d:desk door day dog
⑵dd:add daddy middle
⑶ed:played cleaned climbed answered arrived called studied emptied
enjoyed cried
[k]:⑴c:cat come cut clock cry picture bloc
⑵cc: occasion according occupy acclaim
⑶ch:school Christmas chemistry technology stomach
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⑷k:book bike cake kite Kate look
⑸ck:black duck clock jacket cock
⑹q:Iraq coq
⑺que:unique technique
[g]:⑴g:go girl big get
⑵gg:egg bigger biggest
⑶gu:guess guest
⑷gue:dialogue
⑸gh:ghyll ghost
[f]:⑴f:five fish fine family fifteen
⑵ph:photo phone elephant photograph physics
⑶gh:laugh enough
⑷ff:off coffee
[v]:⑴v:very five have
⑵f:of
[s]:⑴c:nice city cycle bicycle
⑵s:sit six some bus use us desk books
⑶ss:miss class glass grass
⑷sc:science scientist scene
⑸ps:psalm psywar
[z]:⑴s:is his please music lose husband apples
⑵es:leaves thieves knives wives cities countries
⑶z:zoo zero
⑷zz:buzz
[θ]:th:three thank month thin math
[?]:⑴th:this the with than clothes clothing
⑵the:breathe soythe
[?]:⑴sh:she shoe short shop wash
⑵s:sure Asia
⑶c: special sufficient delicious
⑷t:station national patient collection
⑸ss:Russia profession
⑹ch:machine
[?]:⑴s:usually television pleasure
⑵z:seizure
⑶ge:garage
[ts]:⑴ts:shirts hurts coats costs goats its
⑵t’s:Let’s it’s that’s what’s
⑶tes:kites gates dates
⑷zz:pizza
[dz]:⑴ds:beds birds hands friends
⑵des:decides
[t?]:⑴ch:chair much lunch China
⑵tch:watch catch match
eord完美格式

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⑶t: picture question future natural nature
[d?]:⑴g(e):age page huge orange
⑵g:gentle gentleman general
⑶dge:bridge porridge judge
⑷j:jump jacket just June Jim July
⑸ch:sandwich
[tr]:tr:tree trip try true truth truly
[dr]:dr:dress drive hundred children
４、单个辅音：
[h]:⑴h:he her have hand head hair
⑵(w)h:who whom whose whole
[l]:⑴l:let look please lake people until
⑵ll:tell full till bell
⑶(t)l(e):whistle
[r]:⑴r:red right three
⑵rr:sorry worry hurry carry carrot
⑶(w)r:write wrong
[m]:⑴m:man meat meet time
⑵mm:common communicate
⑶m(b):climb lamb
⑷m(n):autumn
[n]:⑴n:name nice nine near under
⑵(k)n:know knife
⑶nn:Ann
⑷(m)n:mnemonics
[?]:⑴ng:sing long young morning
⑵n(k):thank think ink pink
⑶n(g):English
[w]:⑴w:we window work walk
⑵w(h):what why where white when
[j]:⑴y:yes you year yellow
⑵j:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap
⑶i:onion review million billion brilliant behavior
⑷e:Europe European

五
、
国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系
从字母和字母组合到音标
Ⅰ
.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音
a在重读开音节中读[e?]：name cake game face
a在重读闭音节中读[?]：bag am and at sad
a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,p,h前读[ɑ:]：class fast grasp ask father after dance
graph
a在[w]后读[?]或[?:]：want what water[′w?:t?]
a在ny前读[e]：any many
eord完美格式

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a弱读时读[?]：along about banana Canada China
a在非重读音节中读[?]：orange cabbage
a读[e?]：Mary
ai读[e?]：rain train wait
ai读[?]：captain
ai读[e]：said
ay读[e?]：day may okay play today
ay弱读读[?]：Sunday holiday
ay读[e]：says
air读[e?]：air hair chair
al在多数辅音字母前读[?:]（f,m除外）：all ball call fall hall mall small
talk tall wall
al还读[?:l]（特别当后面不是k,f,m时）：also salt
al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]：half palm
ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]：:car far park arm star
ar在[w]后读[?:]：warm quarter
ar弱读读[?]：sugar
are读[e?]：care hare parent
ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]：class glass grass pass
au在重读音节中读[?:]：August autumn daughter
au读[?]：Australia
au还读作[ɑ:]：aunt laugh
aw在重读音节中读[?:]：draw saw law
awe读[?:]：awe awed aweless
Ⅱ. 元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音
e在重读开音节中读[i:]：he she me we
e在重读闭音节中读[e]：pen bed yes egg desk
e在非重读音节中读[?]：begin English pretty cinema
e弱读读[?]：student open children different
e读[??]：zero hero serious
e读[j]：Europe
ea在重读音节中读[i:]：tea eat meat
ea读[e]：bread head breakfast
ea读[e?]：great break
ea读[??]：real really idea cereal
ear读[?:]：learn earth early heard
ear读[e?]：pear wear bear
ear读[??]：ear dear hear near clear nearly nearby
ear读[ɑ:]：heart
ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]（[t]除外）：watched washed cooked helped danced
ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外)：played cleaned climbed answered arrived
aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried
ed在[t][d]后读[?d]：wanted needed
ee在重读音节中读[i:]：see tree see
eord完美格式

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eer读[??]：beer deer pioneer
ei读[i:]：receive
ei读[e?]：veil vein
ei在gh前读[e?]：eight eighteen eighty
eir读[e?]：their theirs
eo读[i:]：people
er在重读闭音节中读[?:]：her term
er在非重读音节中读[?]：father mother brother sister
ere读[??]：here
ere读[e?]：there where
es在浊辅音（[z ][?][d?]除外）及元音后，es发[z]：leaves thieves knives
wives
potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes goes does families stories
es在[s][z][?][?][t?][d?]后读[?z]：buses blouses dishes garages
watches oranges
ew读[ju:]：new newspaper review
ew在l,r,j后读[u:]：flew grew Jew
ex读[eks]：exercise exit
ex读[?ks]：excle expensive extinct
ex读[?gz]：exam examination exactly
ey读[i:]：key
ey读[?]：monkey valley
ey读[e?]：they
Ⅲ. 元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音
i在重读开音节中读[a?]：time like rice
i在重读闭音节中读[?]：big six sit
i读[i:]：police policeman policewoman machine
i弱读读[?]：holiday April
i在非重读音节中读[?]：taxi
i读[j]：onion review million billion brilliant behavior
i在元音字母a,e,o前读[a?]：dialogue quiet pioneer
i在g前读[a?]：sign high light right
i在nd前读[a?]：find behind
i在ld前读[a?]：child
i在re前读[a?]：fire tired retire
ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]：piece field believe thief
ie在重读音节词词尾读[a?]：lie die
ir在重读音节中读[?:]：bird girl first
Ⅳ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音
o在重读开音节中读[??]：go no nose home
o在辅音字母st,ld前读[??]：post old
o在重读闭音节中读[?]：hot on not sorry
o读[?:]：story
o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[^]：come none love other
eord完美格式

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o读[u:]：do to who
o在w后读[?]：woman wolf
o在非重读音节中读[?]：today policeman
oa在重读音节中读[??]：boat coat
oar读[?:]：board blackboard cardboard
oar读[?]：cupboard
oe读[??]：woe
oe读[u:]：shoe
oi读[??]：oil toilet boil soil
oo一般读[u:]：too zoo food pool boot school
oo在d,k和少数t前读[?]：book look good foot
oo读[^]：blood flood
oor读[?:]：door floor
oor读[??]：poor
or在重读音节中读[?:]：or for short sport
or在[w]后读[?:]：work word world
or读[?]：doctor forget mirror
ore读[?:]：more before
ou在多数情况下读[a?]：out about house blouse
ou在ght前读[?:]：bought brought thought
ou读[^]：touch country enough young
ou读[u:]：soup group through
ou读[??]：shoulder though
ou读[?]：cough
ou读[?]：delicious previous
oul读[?]：could would should
our读[?:]：four your
our读[?:]：journalist journal
our读[?]：colour
our读[??]：tour
our读[a??]：our hour
ow读[a?]：how now cow
ow读[??]：show know yellow window
owe或ower读[a??]：towel flower
oy读[??]：boy toy employee
Ⅴ. 元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音
u在重读开音节中读[ju:]：student Tuesday
u在重读闭音节中读[^]：bus sun but cut up us
u处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]：June fluency February Sue
u在重读闭音节中还读[?]：put sugar full push
u在非重读音节中读[?]：minus autumn
u读[?]：busy minute
u读[e]：bury
ui读[ju:]或[j??,ju:?]：suit suicide
eord完美格式

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l,r,j+ui时，ui读作[u:]或[??,u:?]：sluise fruit juice fluid ruin
ui读[?]：build building
ur在重读音节中读[?:]：nurse turn hurt Thursday
ur读[?]：surprise Saturday
ure读[??]：sure
ure在非重读音节中读[?]：picture pleasure
ure在重读音节中读[j??]：cure
Ⅵ.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音
b读[b]：bag by bed boy bus blue
bt,mb在词尾时，b不发音：debt climb comb
bb读[b]：rabbit cabbage
c在字母e,i,y前读[s]：nice city cycle
c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]：cat come cut clock cry picture bloc
c+ia,ie,io时，c读[?]：special sufficient delicious
cc+a,o,u或l时，cc读[k]：occasion according occupy acclaim
cc+e,i时，cc读[ks]：accept accident
ch读[t?]：chair much lunch China
ch读[k]：school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomach
ch读[?]：machine
ch读[d?]：sandwich
ck读[k]：black duck clock jacket cock
d读[d]：desk door day dog
dd读[d]：add daddy middle
dge读[d?]：bridge porridge judge
dr读[dr]：dress drive hundred children
ds读[dz]：beds birds hands friends
des读[dz]：decides
f读[f]：five fish fine family fifteen
f读[v]：of
ff读[f]：off coffee
ften读[f
?
n]：often
g读[g]：go girl big get
g在e前读[d?]：age page huge orange
g读[d?]：gentle gentleman general
gg读[g]：egg bigger biggest
ge读[?]：garage
gh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音：right eight straight bought daughter
gh读[f]：laugh enough
gh在词首时，读[g]：ghyll ghost
gn,gm在词尾时，g常无声：sign phlegm
gu在词首读[g]：guess
gu在词中读[gw]：language
gue在词尾读[g]：dialogue
h读[h]：he her have hand head hair
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h不发音：hour honest
wh读[w]：what why where white
wh在o前读[h]：who whom whose
gh在词首时，h不发音：ghyll ghost
j读[d?]：jump jacket just June Jim
j读[j]：Jensen ja hallelujah jaap
k读[k]：book bike cake kite Kate look
kn在词首时，k不发音：know knife
l读[l]：let look please lake people
ll读[l]：tell full till bell
m读[m]：man meat meet time
mb在词尾时，读[m]，b常无声：climb comb
mm读[m]：common
mn在词首读[n]：mnemonics
mn在词中时，读[mn]：columnist
mn在词尾时，n常无声：autumn column
n读[n]：name nice nine near under
n在[k][g]前读[?]：pink English
n在k后读[n]：know knife
n在m后读[n]：mnemonics
nn读[n]：Ann
ng在词尾读[?]：sing long young morning
ng在词中读[?g]：English finger
nk读[?k]：thank think ink pink
p读[p]：pen map help cheap pencil paper
pp读[p]：apple happy appear
ph读[f]：photo phone elephant photograph
ps在词首时，p常不发音：psalm psywar
q读[k]：Iraq coq
qu在词首读[kw]：queen quick
que在词尾读[k]：unique technique
r读[r]：red right three
rr读[r]：sorry worry hurry carry carrot
wr读[r]：write wrong
s在词首读[s]：sit six some
s在清辅音后读[s]：books likes
s在浊辅音和元音后读[z]：apples windows
s读[z]（尤其是在两个元音字母之间）：his is please music
元音字母+s+无音e：①n.,adj.读[s]：base use
②v.读[z]：lose use
词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时，s读[s],其后跟浊辅音字母时，s读[z]：desk
husband
s读[?]：sure Asia
s读[?]：usually television pleasure
eord完美格式

. .
sion读[?
?
n]：television decision
sten读[s
?
n]：listen
stle读[stl]：whistle
sure读[??]：pleasure
sc+i,e,y读[s]：science scene scythe
sc+a,o,u读[sk]：scarf score scud
ss读[s]：miss class glass grass
ss读[?]：Russia profession
ssion读[?
?
n]：expression
sh读[?]：she shoe short shop wash
t读[t]：ten time not get table
t读[t?]:picture question
tch读[t?]:watch
t+ia,ie时，t读[?]：martial patient
sten,ften,stle中，t无声：listen often whistle
tes读[ts]：kites gates dates
tt读[t]：bottle bottom little pretty
tion读[?
?
n]：station national patient
[s]+tion时读[t??n]：question
th读[θ]：three thank month thin
th在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读[?]：this the with than
词尾the读[?]：breathe soythe
词尾ther读[??]：father mother brother sister
tr读[tr]：tree trip try true truth
ts读[ts]：shirts hurts coats costs goats
t’s读[ts]：Let’s
ture读[t??]：picture
v读[v]：very five have
w读[w]：we window work walk
w不发音：two
wh读[w]：what why where white
wh在o前读[h]：who whom whose
wr在词首读[r]，w无声：write wrong
x读[ks]：box six excuse next
x读[gz]：exam exact example
y在重读开音节中读[a?]：my by why
y在重读闭音节中读[?]：city very sorry
y在词首读[j]：yes you year yellow
yr读[?:]：myrtle
yr读[a??]：martyr satyr
yre读[?]：tyre byre
z读[z]：zoo zero
z读[?]：seizure
zz读[z]：buzz
eord完美格式

. .
zz读[ts]：pizza


欢迎您的光临，Word文档下载后可修改 编辑双击可删除页眉页脚谢谢！希望您提出您宝贵的意见，你的意见是我进步的动力。赠语； 1、如果我们做与 不做都会有人笑，如果做不好与做得好还会有人笑，那么我们索性就做得更好，来给人笑吧！、现在你不玩命的学 ，以后命玩你。、我不知道年少轻狂，我只知道胜者为王。、不要做金钱、权利的奴隶；应学会做“金钱、权利” 的主人。、什么时候离光明最近？那就是你觉得黑暗太黑的时候。、最值得欣赏的风景，是自己奋斗的足迹。、压 力不是有人比你努力，而是那些比你牛×几倍的人依然比你努力。
eord完美格式