鼹-法西斯的意思
48个国际音标表及发音规则
48个国际音标表
长元音
元
音
8个双元音
10
辅
3个鼻音
音
3个似拼音
2个半元音
[h] [r]
[w] [j]
[l]
[i:] [ ]
[i] [ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[u:] [a:]
[u] [ ]
[ ]
[ ]
12个单元音
短元音
[e] [ ]
[ai] [ei] [ i] [i ] [ ]
[p] [t] [k] [f]
[s]
[u ] [au]
[ ∫ ] [ ]
[ ?] [ ]
清辅音
[tr] [ts]
[dr] [dz]
对
浊辅音
[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ]
[m] [n] [ ]
i--发音要领的是:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,舌两侧抵上齿两侧,口形偏
平。
i:--发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿,前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于i:口形扁平。
e--
发音时舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,舌位比i:低;唇形中常,开口度
比i:大。
--发音时舌尖抵下齿;舌前部稍抬高,舌位比e更低;双唇平伸,成扁平
形。
--
是长元音。发音时口张大,舌身压低并后缩,后舌稍隆起,舌尖不抵
下齿。双唇稍收圆。
--发音时口张大,舌身尽量降低并后缩,双唇稍稍收圆。
--它是长元音。发音时舌后部抬得比
即美式 美式 高,双唇收得更圆
更小,并向前突出。
u--
发音时舌后部抬起,舌身后缩,舌尖离开下齿。双唇收圆,稍突出。
--发音时舌后部尽量抬起,舌位比u即美式读音 英式读音 高。双唇收
圆并突出。口形比u
稍小。
--发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿,舌后部靠前部分稍抬起,唇形稍扁,
开口度较大,与 相似。
-- 是长元音。发音时舌中部比发 音时略高。双唇扁平。
--
是读短元音。发音时舌身平放,舌中部略隆起,双唇扁平。
ei--
先发e音,然后滑向i音。双唇稍扁,口形从半开到合。
--它由元音
滑向后元音u即美音和英音的 ,舌位由半低到高,口形由
半开到小。注意将音发足。
ai
--ai为双元音。先发a音,然后滑向i音。舌尖抵住下齿。发此音的关
键是要把a音发足,注意从开
到合的滑动。
au--au或 由a滑向u 。舌位由低到高,口形由大到小。注意将音发足。
i--发音时双唇从圆到扁,口形从开到合。发好这个音的关键是首先要把
后元音a
发足,然后滑向i音。
i --其发音要领是从i音滑向
音,美音则滑向r音。前面的i发得较清楚,
后面的 或r较弱。双唇始终半开。此音一定要发足。
--其发音方法是从 e音滑向 音。发间时舌端抵下齿,前舌略抬起,双
唇半开,此音中的
有似于e音, 音较轻。
u --发音时,嘴唇从收圆到半开。发好这个音的关键是首先要把u
音发
足,然后滑向 音。
p b--p是p的发音,b是b的发音。双唇爆破辅音。发音时双
唇紧闭,
憋住气,然后突灰分开,气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音。p是清辅音,声带
不振动;b是
浊辅音,声带振动。
t d--t是t的发音,d是d的发音。舌齿爆破辅音。发音时
舌尖抵上齿龈,
憋住气,然后突然分开,使气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音。t是清辅音,声
带不振
动;d是浊辅音,声带振动。
k --k是字母k和字母c的发音, 是字母g的读音。舌后软颚爆
破辅音。
发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚,憋住气,然后突然分开,气流送出口腔,形
成爆破音。k
是清辅音,声带不振动; 是浊辅音,声带振动。
f v--f是f和ph的发音,v是v的发音。唇
齿摩擦辅音。发音时下唇轻
触上齿,气流由唇齿间通过,形成摩擦音。f是清辅音,声带不振动;v是浊辅音,声带振动。
--
是th的发音。舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖轻触上齿背,气流由舌
齿间送出,形成摩擦音。
是清辅音,声带不振动; 是浊辅音,声带振动。
s z--sz是s的发音,z又是z的发音。舌齿
摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近
齿龈,气流由舌端齿龈间送出,形成摩擦音。s是清辅音,声带不振动;z是浊浦音,声带振动。
∫ --∫是sh的发音, 是s的发音。舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音。发
音时舌端
靠近齿龈后部,舌身抬起靠近上鄂,双唇稍收圆并略突出。气流通过时形
成摩擦音。∫
是清辅音,声带不振动; 是浊辅音,声带振动。
h--h是字母h的发音。声门摩擦辅音。发音时气
流送出口腔,在通过声
门时发出轻微摩擦;口形随其后的元音而变化。h是清辅音,声带不振动。
m--m是m的发音。双唇鼻辅音。发音时软颚下垂,双唇紧闭,气流从鼻
腔送出。
n--n是n的发音。舌尖齿龈鼻辅音。发音时舌尖抵上齿龈,软颚下垂,
气流从鼻腔送出。
--
是ng的发音。舌后软颚鼻辅音。发音时软颚下垂,堵住口腔通道,
气流从鼻腔送出。声带振动。
w--w是w的发音。舌后软颚半元音。发音时舌后部向软颚抬起,舌位高。
双唇收小并向前突
出,声带振动。发音短促,立刻滑向其后的元音。
l--l是l的发音。舌端齿龈边辅音。发音时舌尖
及舌端紧贴上齿龈,舌前
向硬颚抬起,气流从舌的旁边送出。当此音为尾音时,将舌端抵住上齿龈,舌前下限,舌后上抬,舌面形成凹形。浊辅音、声带振动。
r--r是r的发音。舌尖齿龈(后部
)摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖卷起,靠近上齿
龈后部。舌两侧稍收扰。双唇略突出。气流通过舌尖和齿龈形成
轻微摩擦。
浊辅音,声带振动。
j--j传统的国际音标的读音符号 该音是国音字母y在
词首的读音,是
舌前硬颚半元音。发音时舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起,舌位较高,双唇伸展成
扁平状
。它是个浊辅音,声带振动。
-- 是ch的发音,
是dge的发音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。发音时舌身抬高,
舌端抵上齿龈后部,气流通过时发出破擦音。
是清辅音,声带不振动;
是浊辅音,声带振动。
ts dz传统的国际音标读音符号,新课
本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括
在内,破擦音ts、dz分别是字母组合ts和ds的读音。舌端齿龈
破擦辅音。
舌端先贴住齿龈,堵住气流,然后略下降,气流送出口腔。ts是清辅音,
dz是浊
辅音。
tr dr传统的国际音标读音符号。新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括
在内。t
r、dr分别是tr、dr的发音。齿龈后部破擦辅音。发音时舌身与r
相似,舌尖贴齿龈后部,气流冲
破阻碍发出短促的t后立即发r。tr是清
辅音,dr是浊辅音。
[i:]字母组合 ee ea e ie --three tree green sheep
meet beef see seek eat tea meat
leave lead
teacher team mean speak clean piece
[?]发音字母 a
--bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black
back glad flag
shall man
[e]字母组合 ea e a--
head bread pleasure elephant electric remember
sell shell
lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
[ ]字母组合ir ur ear er or--girl shirt
skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn
murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn
earth heard
[ε]字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u--
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer
powder doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure familiar
collar
dollar together tomorrow today lesson control
around account ago
elephant manta banana
Canada
[a:] 字母组合 ar a--car farm card arm
garden fast class last glass plant aunt
calm
[ ]发音字母 u o ou oo--up supper lunch fun gun
hunt cup bus come mother
dose brother love
above trouble rough flourish blood flood
[
]字母组合 al or au our ar--small wall talk tall hall
ball call walk short more
lord horse for forty
sport door floor store author caught autumn four
mourn
court bought warm quarrel quarter
[
]发音字母 o a--hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss
collar not want wash watch
[u:]字母组合 oo o u--
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe
do two true truth blue full prude
[u]字母组合 oo ou u o--look good foot book
wood should could put full bull
pull push
woman wolf
[ei]发音字母 a ay ea ai ey--name cake
late gate plane April play say may way
great
break rain paint plain they grey
[ai]发音字母 i y
--bike fine find die nine light night high my try
fly eye
[au]字母组合 ou ow--house out flour ground
account count sound loud around
mouse flower
down now cow how town
[ ]发音字母 o ow oa--home
cold go no phone host ghost know low below
grow blow show flow boat coat goal
[i
]字母组合 eer ear--beer deerear near here fierce idea
[ ]字母组合ear air ere--pear bear chair air fair
there where care
[u ]字母组合our ower--hour tour
flower shower
[t] tree two ten ton town twenty
city
[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
[k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky
[g] girl good goal goat grade long language
[m] man make moon morning move come comb
[n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
[ ] uncle bank English think thank junk??sing
king morning
[l] long land lend lord fly flag
black world cold could goal soul
[r] read red
right run room write
[f] five fly fine flag
frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough
[v] very evening even every voice vest of
[s] six sit student same seat kiss miss
case scarf
[z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose
hose suppose pause those
[ ] that this those
these though
[∫] sheep shoulder ship shoe she
brush wash nation attention
[h] hot hop home
house horse how who
[w] when what where window
wind wood
[j] yes year yell you your yolk
yellow
[ ] child chicken china chair lunch
ouch catch teach
[ ] age language cabbage
vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June
junk
[tr] tree country try treat track trunk
[dr] dry dream drop drive drink
[ts]
students boots boats goats nuts
[dz] goods
woods moods hoods
???????????26个英文字母及发音音标如下:
A a
D d
G g
J j
[ei]
[di:]
[d3i:]
[d3ei]
B b
E e
H h
K k
N n
Q q
T t
W w
Z z
[bi:]
[i:]
[eit∫]
[kei]
[en]
[kju:]
[ti:]
C c
F f
I i
L
l
O o
R r
U u
[si:]
[ef]
[ai]
[el]
[?u]
[ɑ:]
[ju:]
[eks]
M m [em]
P p
S s
V
v
Y y
[pi:]
[es]
[vi:]
[wai]
[′d∧blju:]
X x
[zi:][zed]
英语发音规则
一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
在开音节中
[ei]
name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中
[ ]
bag dad hat map black back
e
在开音节中
[i:]
he these me Chinese
在闭音节中
[e]
bed let pen desk yes egg
i
在开音节中
[ai]
bike fly drive time nice
kite
在闭音节中
[i]
fish big drink sit
milk swim
o
在开音节中
[Eu]
those
close go hoe home no
在闭音节中
[C]
clock not box shop sock
u
在开音节中
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中
[Q]
bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母
j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June
blue
ruler super
二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
[E]
China another woman breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village cabbage
e
[E]
hundred student open weekend
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
i
[E][i]
holiday beautiful family animal
[ai]
exercise satellite
o
[E]
second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu]
also zero photo
u
[E]
autumn diffcult
[ju:]
popular
congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a
读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l
r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July
influence February issue
三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读
音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a在[w]音后面
[C]
want what
watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[a:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass
fast
father
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
o在-st
-ld前
[Eu]
most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前
[Q]
come monkey love
mother
四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的
读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ar
ar在[w]音后面
[a:]
car farm dark sharpener
[C:]
warm
quarter towards
or
or在[w]音后面
[C:]
forty morning short
[E:]
word worker
worse
er ir ur
[E:]
certainly bird
Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母
不能与r构成-
r音节,而是按重读闭
音节的拼读规则发音.例如: carry
sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,
例如:dollar teacher
martyr forget
Saturday
五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中
的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
are
[a:E]
care dare hare
ere
[iE]
here mere
ire
[aiE]
fire hire wire
ore
[C:]
more score before
ure
[ju:E]
pure cure
are ere ire
ore很少出现在非重读音
节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例
如:picture
pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元
字组时,重读元音字母应按-
re音节
拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音.
例如:parent zero
story during
inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长
音短化现象.
例如:orange very
American
paragraph
六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
aiay
[ei]
afraid rain wait day play
air
[aiE]
air hair chair pair repair
al在f m前
[C]
small ball talk wall all
[C:l]
always also salt almost bald
[a:]
half
calm
auaw
[C:]
autumn daughter draw
ea
[i:]
teach easy cheap please
[e]
heavy bread sweater weather
[ei]
break great
ear
[iE]
hear dear near clear year
[εE]
bear pear wear
[E:]
earth learn
early
ee
[i:]
jeep week green three
[iE]
pioneer deer beer
eiey
[ei]
eight neighbour they
[i:]
either key
euew在
j l r s后
[ju:]
new few newspaper
[u:]
flew brew
ieei[s]音之后
[i:]
piece field receive
oa
[Eu]
coat Joan boat goal
oaroor
[C:]
roar board door floor
oioy
[Ci]
noise point boy toilet
oo
[u:]
broom food tooth school
[u]
book look cook foot good
ouow
[au]
flower house count down
[Eu]
know row throw though
[Q]
young country enough
[u:]
group you soup
our
[C:]
Sunday
foreign monkey
ow
[Eu]
yellow
sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或
course
your four
[auE]
our hour ours
[C:]
journey
ui
在j l r s后
[ju:i]
fluid suicide tuition
[u:]
juice
fruit suit
七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的
读音
元音字组或字群
读 音
例 词
aiay eiey
[i]
[i].
例如:neighbour serious
biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
[Fn]
impression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[Vn]
vision decision occasion
-tion在s后
[tFE n]
question suggestion
-sten
[sn]
listen
-stle
[sl]
whistle
famous
-sure
[VE]
pleasure measure
-ture
[tFE]
picture culture
八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的
读音 <
br>复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符
号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍
按重读音节拼读规
则拼读.
例如:
everyday[ei]
handbag[ ]
blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分
已失去其单独
存在的意义,融合成为
一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重
读音节的读音规则发音.
例如:
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i]
星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i]
假日
break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 >
breakfast[E] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] >
cupboard[E] 碗柜
九,辅字组的读音
辅字组
读 音
例 词
b
[b]
bike bus bag
[]
bomb tomb
c
c在e前或在iy前
[k]
cake picture
coat music
[s]
face decide cinema
ch
[tF]
much chick rich teacher
[k]
school headache chemistry
[F]
machine
-ck
[k]
cock
pocket black knock
d
[d]
doctor
bread hand day
-dge
[dV]
bridge
fridge
dr-
[dr]
children driver
drink
f
[f]
five four breakfast
g
g在e iy前
[^]
bag gardon go
[dV]
orange large German
gh
[f]
cough enough
[]
light daughter high
gu- -gue
gu在非重读音节中
[^]
guess
league dialogue
[^w]
language anguish
h
[h]
hot head house hand
[]
hour honest
j
[dV]
jeep jar joke
join July
k
[k]
kind
bike skate make week
kn-
[n]
knife
know knock
l
[l]
life milk school
tall
m
[m]
monkey come autumn
-mn
[m]
autumn column
n
n在[k] [g]音前
[n]
not shine ten note
[N]
uncle thank hungry
-ng
[N]
morning young wrong
p
[p]
paper
plane pig ship pen
ph
[f]
elephant
photo telephone
q
[k]
Iraq
qu-
[kw]
quality quite
r
[r]
red
rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前
元音字母间或浊辅音前
[s]
sit sleep desk
[z]
music
husband
sc-
[sk]
scarlet
[s]
muscle science
sh
[F]
she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia
ie io前
[t]
ten letter meet
[F]
patient nation
tch
[tF]
watch
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
[θ]
thin thirty method
[T]
the
these with than
[T]
clothe father
weather
tr-
[tr]
tree train country
truck
v
[v]
very voice love leave
w
[w]
week win wake sweet wait
[]
answer two
wh-
wh-在字母o前
[w]
what when white why
[h]
who
whose whole
x
在重读元音前
[ks]
box
text exercise
[gz]
examle exist exact
wr-
[r]
write
y-
[j]
yes yard yellow young
z
[z]
puzzle zero zoo
重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的<
br>音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词
的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节
词多数是重读音
节,标记读音时不需
要使用重读符号.
开音节
①绝对开音节:单个元音字
母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例
如:no blue ba-by
stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加
单个辅音字母,再
加一个不发音字母
e构成的重读音节.例如:name these
bike home
ex-cuse.
闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字
组(r w y
除外)且以辅字组结尾的重
读音节.例如:bag egg fish not cup
多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常
在倒数第三个音节重读.
例如: el-e-
phant con-grat-u- la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的
词,在-ic或
-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例
如:scien tific
im pression nation