力气拼音-微积分教材
英语国际音标发音讲解
英语国际音标发音
一、英语字母与英语音素:
1.英语中有26个字母,其中5个元音字母:a, e, i, o, u。
它们的音标分别是:
ei, i:, ai, ?? ,
ju:。剩下的21个字母都是辅音字母。
2.
英语音素:48个。元音音素:20个,辅音音素:28个。
3.
元音音素:12个单元音,8个双元音。
4. 单元音:
前元音:i: I e ?
中元音:? ?: ?
后元音 : ? u: ? ɑ:
5.
双元音:
合口双元音:ɑ? ?? ɑI ?I eI
集中双元音:I? e? ??
6. 辅音:
英语爆破辅音:p b t
d k g
英语摩擦辅音:f v ? ? s z ? ? h r
英语破擦辅音:?
?
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英语国际音标发音讲解
英语鼻音辅音:m n ?
英语舌侧辅音: l ?
英语半元音:w j
英语辅音连缀: tr dr ts
dz
二、英语音素与练习:
(1)元音音素:
1. 单元音:
前元音:
i::me, he, be, bee, see,
sea, tea, she, tree, three, eat, meat, meet,
green, jeans, between, teenager, fifteen,
meal, sheep, east, need,
feel, peach, each,
teach, teacher, meter, sweet, see, week, weak,
weekend, read, fever, clean, easy, speech,
feed, leave, agree, keep,
people, free,
speak, season, reason,
I : in, this, will,
his, six, miss, pink, sing, ill, kill, still,
ticket, sit, it, bit,
pick, sick, did, chick,
lip, fish, milk, swim, ship, quick, lip, big,
fill,
pig, sister, dinner, wind, window,
skipping, clinic, thin, rich, busy,
wish,
dish, finish, little, sing, spring, city,
delicious
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英语国际音标发音讲解
e :
get, let, pet, desk, yes, chess, next, text, best,
met, pen, pencil, bed,
west, guest, tennis,
egg, red, net, rest, set, test, wet, lend, mend,
tell, well, fell, letter, sweater, head,
bench, bread, , ten, seven,
end, medicine,
help, check, yes, then, menu, never, ever, lesson,
very, says, said, many,any
?: fat, map,
and, land, man, plan, bag, cat, apple, fan, Japan,
dad,
sad, sand, lad, stamp, black, hat, cap,
ambulance, angry, have,
catch, carry, stand,
travel, hand, rabbit, animal, lamp, cabbage,
family, dragon, Africa, bank, Saturday, can,
candy, camera, act,
happy, candle, than,
that, thank, glad, matter, bad, happen,
handsome, math, taxi,
中元音:
? :but,
come, cut, must, bus, us, up, color, mother, such,
uncle, duck,
luck, lucky, fun, funny, sun,
sunny, love, worry, son, brother,
other,
another, study, lunch, Sunday, under, umbrella,
number,
nothing, wonderful, run, running,
young, cover, above, money,
much, cup,
cousin, monkey, Monday, summer, brush, trouble,
something, some, just, supper, country,
?:
:girl, shirt, bird, skirt, nurse, work, worker,
first, thirteen, third,
thirty, dirty,
thirsty, worth, birth, birthday, circle, world,
her, early,
turn, person, Thursday, worm,
prefer, certain, temperature, heard,
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英语国际音标发音讲解
learn, earth,
?:
teacher, mother, father, sister, brother, farmer,
driver, singer,
dancer, worker, answer,
under, visitor, waiter, writer, bigger,
winter, soldier, meter, theater, manager,
cleaner, ruler, eraser,
woman, picture,
future, camera, tiger, actor, China, number,
after,
后元音:
?: :four, for, short, door,
floor, more, before, wall, call, all, tall, ball,
draw, saw, horse, or, daughter, report,
reporter, boring, warm,
talk, your, north,
forty, sport, autumn, fall, important, bought,
thought, ought, because, corn, corner, born,
store, score,
? :box, dog, doctor, doll,
often, lot, top, boss, chopstick, shop, job,
sock, office, coffee, got, golf, long,
hospital, orange, lost, bottle,
crocodile,
tomorrow, borrow, cost, hot, on, wash, watch,
song,
follow, what, stop, fox, frog, wallet,
not, sorry,
u: :too, zoo, room, pool, food,
goose, tooth, school, stool, soon,
moon,
kangaroo, cool, noon, tool, fool, broom, cartoon,
choose,
shoot, afternoon, juice, blue,
noodles, true, truth, fruit, shoes,
through,
lose, group, do, ruler, two,
? :good, cook,
took, book, foot, stood, wood, look, wool,
classroom,
bathroom, bedroom, mushroom,
boyhood, woman, put, full,
notebook, could,
would, should, wolf, sugar, push,
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英语国际音标发音讲解
oo字母组合发短音的常见8个单词:
A
good cook took a book, his foot stood by the wood
and looked.
好厨师拿书,脚站树林看。
ɑ::far,
father, glass, grass, garden, car, farm, farmer,
large, ask, fast,
bath, party, arm, are,
star, start, bar, part, heart, dark, last, park,
guitar, giraffe, market, card, banana, basket,
basketball, class,
hard, art, artist, pass,
park, laugh,
2. 双元音:
合口双元音:
eI :table, plate, cake, radio, beefsteak,
take, make, same, name,
play, great, stay,
day, say, today, birthday, may, place, space,
eight, wait, waiter, maybe, pain, again, save,
way, always, case,
gray, afraid,
?? :go,
ago, so, no, nose, home, those, rose, hope, alone,
potato,
tomato, boat, goat, coat, tomorrow,
row, oh, OK, kilo, lonely,
know, piano,
yellow, grow, bowl, own, show, low, cold,
ɑI
:I, kite, bike, white, five, knife, ice, rice,
nice, write, Mike, mice,
time, nine, while,
eye, sky, pie, lie, die, light, right, night, fly,
my,
mind, quite, cry, buy, tired, fine,
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英语国际音标发音讲解
ɑ? :house,
cow, how, now, down, about, out, mouse, flower,
blouse,
sound, mountain, count, hour, ground,
found, round, brown,
crowd,
?I :boy,
toy, coin, oil, boil, noise, point, joy, join,
enjoy, voice, choice
集中双元音:
I?
:ear, deer, dear, here, hear, tear, beer, theater,
museum, clear,
year, cheer, appear, serious,
fear, near, engineer,
e? :pear, pair, air,
airport, chair, hair, fair, square, care, careful,
there, bear, where, wear, their, theirs,
??:poor, sure, tour, tourist, jewel, cruel,
Europe,
(2)辅音音素:
1.清辅成对辅音(20个):
[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g]
[f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[?] [?]-[?] [ts]-[dz]
[t?]-[d?] [tr]-[dr]
p: pen map help
cheap pencil paper apple happy appear
b: bag by bed boy bus blue rabbit
cabbage
t: ten time not get table
bottle bottom little pretty watched washed
d: desk door day dog add daddy
middle played cleaned
climbed
answered
k: cat come cut clock cry
picture school Christmas chemistry book
6
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英语国际音标发音讲解
bike cake kite
Kate look
g: go girl big get egg
bigger biggest guess great glad game
golf again glass grass goat God dog
goal
f: five fish fine family fifteen
photo phone elephant laugh enough
off
coffee
v: very five have of leave
voice visit visitor themselves
s: nice
city cycle sit six some bus use us desk
books miss class
z: is his please
music lose husband apples leaves thieves
knives size exercise prize zoo
reason
θ: three thank month thin
thought three throw tooth teeth
south north month mouth through
?: this the with than breathe
though mother father there
that
these those
?: she shoe short shop
wash sure Asia special sufficient
delicious
?: usually television pleasure
garage
ts: shirts hurts coats costs
goats Let’s kites gates dates pizza
dz: beds birds hands friends decides
t?: chair much lunch China watch
picture question teach teacher
rich
future each reach
d?: age page huge
orange gentle gentleman general bridge
porridge judge jump jacket just June
Jim sandwich
tr: tree trip try true
truth train
dr: dress drive hundred
children drink dry draw dream
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英语国际音标发音讲解
2.单个辅音(8个):
h:
he her have hand head hair who whom
whose hard home hello
r: red right
three sorry worry hurry carry carrot
write wrong
l: let look please lake
people tell full till bell
m: man
meat meet time common communicate climb
lamb autumn
n: name nice nine near
under know knife Ann
?: sing long
young morning thank think ink pink English
w: we window work walk what why
where white
j: yes you year yellow
young onion review million billion Europe
三、开音节与闭音节:
一、开音节:
1. 分类:
开音节分两种,一种叫绝对开音节,一种叫相对开音节。
①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。例如:
no she
he we by ...
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不
发音字母e
构成的重读音节。例如:
name these bike
home excuse like ...
2. 元音字母在开音节中的读音:
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英语国际音标发音讲解
①绝对开音节:
以
一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表
中的音,即它本身的读音。如:no
, he。
②相对开音节:
在含有一个元音字母的重读音节中,在元音字母后
有一个辅音字母(r
除外)与一个不发音的字母e,也是开音节。这个元音字母发它本身的
音。
可以用辅+元+辅+e来记住。如:name, fine。
3. 发音练习:
①绝对开音节:
ta-ble po-ta-to ba-by
la-dy A-my
na-tion
he me
we be she se-cret
hi Chi-na
bi-cycle
no so hel-lo go so-fa (do,
to除外)
me-nu stu-dent mu-sic u-sually
— 3. 发音练习:
— ②相对开音节:
— name same
take late fame race date hate
—
cake gate age wave save table (have例外)
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英语国际音标发音讲解
— these
Chi-nese Japa-nese theme scene
—
comp-lete
— fine line mine time
kite bike nice rise
— de-cide
nine like ice drive twice wise
—
rose hope nose hope phone home
— huge use ex-cuse
二、闭音节:
—
含有一个元音字母,并以辅音字母(r, w除外)结尾的重读音节为闭音节。
—
例:map,desk,is。
— 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。
— 英语
重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音,重读闭音
节就是指在一个音节中,以辅音音素结
尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如
apple 划音节就应该是apple 前面那个ap
是一个音节以辅音音素结尾就
是闭音节。
—
重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音.
— 如:sit---
sitting
— begin---
beginning(重读在gin这个音节上,相当与把gin改成双写的)
— put
---putting
— swim---swimming
— shop
---shopping
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英语国际音标发音讲解
— 像travel这种重读不在的vel,可以为travelled,也可以是traveled
— 举两个很经典的例子:
— forbid---forbidding
(重读闭音节,双写)
— prohibit---prohibiting
(重读在第二音节,非重读闭音节,不双写)
三、元音字母在开音节和闭音节的读音:
重读
元音字母
绝对开音节
a
e
i
o
u
(1) Aa
1.[ei]
a在开音节中:发字母音,后面有不发音的e
face脸 grade年级;cake蛋糕;
lake湖; make制造;take拿到;
snake蛇; name名字;
same相同;plane飞机;grapes葡萄;date日期;
Kate 凯特;
[ei]
[i:]
[ai]
[?u]
[(j)u:]
相对开音节
[ei]
[i:]
[ai]
[?u]
[(j)u:]
闭音节
[?]
[e]
[i]
[?]
[?]或[u]
[?]
[i]
[i]
[?]
[?]
非重读
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英语国际音标发音讲解
2.[?] a在闭音节中:
black黑色的; dad爸爸; sad悲伤的; bag书包; am是;Sam萨姆
lamp灯; a一(个---);can能; fan电风扇;man男人;and和;
hand手; thank感谢; map地图;
(2) Ee
1.[i:] e在开音节中:发字母音
be是;he他;she她;me我;we我们; these这些;Chinese汉语;
2.[e] e在闭音节中:
bed 床; red红色的;
leg腿; spell拼写; hen母鸡; then那么;
when什么时候; pen钢笔;
ten十;
(3) Ii
1.[ai] i在开音节中:发字母音
hi 喂; I我; ice冰;nice好的;rice米饭;ride骑;beside在---旁边;
bike自行车; like喜欢;time时间;fine(身体)好; nine九;
white白色的; write写; kite风筝; five五;drive驾驶
2.[i] i在闭音节中:
which 哪一个;chick小鸡;sick病的; big大的;pig猪;milk牛奶;
him他; swim游泳; in在---里面; begin开始; sing唱歌;
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英语国际音标发音讲解
pink粉红色;drink喝;ship轮船; is是; his他的;this这个;
fish鱼;
(4) Oo
1.[?u ] o在开音节中:发字母音
go去;no不;so这样,这么;phone电话机;those那些;close关闭;
nose鼻子; rose玫瑰花 home家 rope绳子 hole洞
2.[?] o在闭音节中;
clock钟; dog狗; on在
---上面; long长的; song歌曲;shop商店;
stop停止;
hot热的; not不; donkey驴 hop双脚跳
3. [Λ] o
mother妈妈 brother哥哥,弟弟 come来 some一些 other其他的
stomach胃,肚子 Monday星期一
(5) Uu
1.[
ju: ] u在开音节中:发字母音
excuse
原谅;use使用;
2.[Λ] u在闭音节中:
much 很; jump跳; run跑; sun太阳; up向上; cup小茶杯;
but但是 bus公交车; umbrella雨伞; hundred百; cut剪,切;
mum妈妈;under在……下面; underline在……number数字;
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英语国际音标发音讲解
understand理解
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