个国际音标以及对应字母组合发音

48个国际音标表

[i:
长元音

]

12个单元
元

音

音

[?:
]

[?:
[u:]

[ɑ:]


]

[Λ
短元音

[i]

[?]

[?]

[u]

[?]

[e]


]

8个双元[ai
音

]

[ei
]

[?i
]

[i?]

[??]

[?u]

[u?]

[au]


清
[ ∫
辅
音

10
对

辅

音

浊
辅
音

[b]

[d]

[g]

[v]

[z]

[e]

[?]

[d?]

[dr]

[dz]

[p]

[t]

[k]

[f]

[s]

[θ]

]

[t?]

[tr]

[ts]

3个鼻音

[m]

[n]

[?]


3个似拼
[h]

[r]

[l]

音

2个半元
[w]

[j]


音

音标

字母

例词

[i:]

e

evening,be,she,these,we

ea

ee

ey

i

ie

eat,clean,ice cream,please,teacher

see,three,thirteen

key

policeman

believe,piece

[?:]

er

ir

or

ur

her,

bird,girl,sir,shirt,skirt,thirty

word,work,worker

nurse,purple,turn,urgent

ear

earth,early,earn,

[?:]

a

water,

al

au

aw

or

oar

oor

our

ore

all,wall,ball,talk

August

draw,awful,law,

or,horse,short

boart,board,

door,floor,

your,four,course,court

more,bore,

[u:]

o

u

oe

ue

improve,lose

ruler,

shoe,

blue,

oo

ui

ou

wo

soon,room,pool，school

fruit,juice

you

two

[ɑ:]

a

ar

ear

class,father,dance,afternoon

car,dark,farm,start,arm,market

heart,

[i]

i

y

a

live,dinner,listen,picture

family,lovely,many

orange

[?]

or

er

u

actor,doctor,forget,

together,dinner,f aster,better,water,era
ser,brother,worker

suppose,

a

e

alone,America,about,allow,

open

[?]

o

a

shop,bottle,dog,hot,

small,want

[u]

u

oo

ou

o

put,pull,push,

cook,look,good,cool,foot

could,would,should

woman

音标

字母

例词

[?]

a

bad,that,practice,relax,happy,family ,st
and,apple,fact,matter

animal

e

[e]

ea

better,rememb er,never,best,when,togethe
r,every,question

a

weather,pleasant,

anyway,many

[Λ]

o

u

oo

ou

money,love,mother,some,nothing,color

number,lucky,club,fun,

flood,blood

enough,trouble,young

i

y
< br>ice,China,find,like,nine,white,idea,cli
mb
my,shy,try,fly,

ey

eye

ie

[ai]

pie,die,

ui

guide

uy

buy

igh

high,light,night

eigh

height

a

ai

ay

ea

[ei]

ay

ei

ey

eigh

amazing,age,game,table,make,paper

afraid,train,wait

way,today

great

pay,okay,play,say,

eight,

grey,

eight,neighbour

oi

[?i]

oy

point,join,coin,noise

toy,boy,enjoy,employ,

ear

eer

[i?]

ere

ea

ear,hear,year,clear,

deer,beer,

here,

idea

air

are

[??]

ear

eir

ere

hair,pair,air,stairs,chair,fair

share,parents,prepare,square,

wear,bear,

their

there,where

o

oa

[?u]

ou

ow

hope,open,also,zero,only,old,home

goal,road,float,

soul

know,yellow,show,snow

音标

字母

例词

oor

[u?]

our

ure

poor,

tour,

sure,pure,cure

[au]

ou

about,proud,found,house,hour,out,dout

ow

how,cow,now,allow,flower

[p]

p

polite,keep,help,picture,poor

[t]

t

talk,tomato,treat,pretty,little,quiet

k

kite,book,take,basketball,kidding,

c

[k]

ch

ck

cry,clock,cat,clever,clean

school

black,clock,sock

f

ph

[f]

flight,free,chief,fresh,fly,follow ,floo
r

photo,phone

fe

life,knife,

s

[s]

ss

c

snake,spoon,soup,

miss,class,success

dance,nice,piece,fa ce,juice,twice,cinem

se

a

tense,please,sense,

think,thank,heathy ,birthday,breath,noth
[θ]

th

ing,truth,math

sh

ch

s hoot,shock,shirt,fish,rubbish,wish,Eng
lish

machine,

ci

[ ∫ ]

social,

si

tension,

ti

mention,ambition,

[t?]

ch

chair,church,rich,beach,change

[tr]

tr

try,treat,treasure,trouble,true,trade

[ts]

ts

hits,puts,nuts,facts,attracts,accounts

[b]

b

bird,black,book,job,

[d]

d

desk,dear,deep,read

[g]

g

grass,glove,glass,dog,plug，forget,egg

[v]

v

very,various,vegetable,volleyball

音标

字母

例词

z

zero,zone,zoo,crazy

ss

[z]

se

s

business

because,exercise,those

present,photos

with,this,weather,gathe r,father,bother,
[e]

th

another

[?]

s

usually,pleasure,decision,measure

j

[d?]

g

jeep,juice,July,jewelry

age,orange,,engineer

[dr]

dr

draw,drive,draft,drug,drink

ds

[dz]

des

hands,words,minds,reads

besides,
< br>matter,mother,math,massage,mind,impossi
[m]< br>
m

ble

n

[n]

kn

nice,question,lion

knife,know

n

[?]

ng

English,

ring,

h

[h]

wh

happy,handsome,holiday,hope,hurt

who,whose

r

[r]

rr

ruler,break,respect,problem,wrong,batte
ry,

wr

carry,hurry,sorry

write,wrong

[l]

l

lunch,large,lead,laugh,popular,

w

[w]

wh

wet,web,watch,window

white,why,

[j]

y

yesterday,yellow,lawyer

一、英语名词复数变化及发音规则

1、 一般在词尾加－s.

一 般来说，s在元音或浊辅音后读[z}，在清辅音后面读成[s]，在[t]后与[t]在
一起读成[t s]，在[d]后与[d]一起读成[dz]。

cups?? 杯子????????????????days?? 日子 hands?
手????????????????????????? ?hats??? 帽子

2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加－es，读[iz]

classes 班级????????????????buses? 公共汽车 boxes?? 盒
子??????????????????watches? 手表

3、以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词，加－s，读作[z]；以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变y
为i，再加 －es，读[iz]

boy-boys? 男孩?? ??toy-toys 玩具 story-stories? 故事??factory-factories?
工厂?????????? ?baby-babies?? 宝贝

4、以o结尾的词，多数加－s，读[z]

kilo-kilos? 公里???????? ?photo-photos? 照片 ??? ? piano-pianos?? 钢琴

1）以元音字母＋o结尾的词一律加－s，读[z]。

zoo- zoos? 动物园??????????? ?radio-radios? 收音机

2）少数以o结尾的词，在词尾加-es，读[z]。

tomato- tomatoes? 西红柿? hero-heroes? 英雄 potato- potatoes? 土豆

5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数把f,fe变为v，再加－es，读[s]

leaf-leaves? 树叶?????thief-thieves? 小偷?????? ?wife-wives? 妻
子???????????? ?knife-knives? 小刀???????? ?shelf-shelves? 架子

6、不规则名词的复数形式

(1)通过变化单词内部元音字母，构成复杂形式。

man-men? 男子????????????? ?woman-women? 女人????????? ?foot- feet?
脚 ?????????? ?

tooth- teeth?? 牙齿???????? ?mouse-mice? 老鼠 child- children? 小孩?? ?

(2)单数形式与复数形式相同??

sheep-sheep? 绵羊?? deer-deer?鹿 Chinese-Chinese?中国人??

?Japanese- Japanese?日本人

二、动词第三人称单数的变化及发音规则

动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观
察。

1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]

①stop－stops [s] make－makes [s]

②read－reads [z] play－plays [z]

2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz]

fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]

study－studies [z]; worry－worries

3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz]

teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]

4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z]

go－goes [z] do－does [z]

5、下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记
忆

1、do [du:]－does [dz]

2、say [sei]－says [sez]

6、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s ”后字母“e”
发音， 与所加“s” 一起读做[iz]

close－closes [iz]

7、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字
母现象

①baby－babies

②carry－carries

③study－studies