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英语国际音标的讲解及练习(完美版本)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-25 18:58
tags:英语国际音标发音

妒嫉-放弃的英语

2020年10月25日发(作者:童诗白)


英语国际音标的讲解及练习
Lesson 1
⑴ 前元音:[i:] [i] [e] [?]
前元音发音要领:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬颚抬起,双唇不要收圆。

[i:]
①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部尽量向硬颚抬起。②嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平形。
注 意:
[i:]是长元音,发
长元音
时要比发短元音
长两倍
以上。
She tea easy teach sleep agree three weeks, green tea, team leaders
Seeing is believing. Jean is as busy as a bee.
[i]
①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬颚抬起,比[i:]低,比[e]高。②唇形扁平,牙床开
得比[i:]宽, 比[e]窄。③可从发[i:]出发,将小指尖放在上下齿之间,舌前部
也随之稍稍下降,即可发出[i ]。
It this pig city coffee begin a big ship, bit by bit, little by litte
A little learning is a dangerous thing.
His six-year old sister is as fit as a fiddle.
[e]
①舌尖抵 下齿,舌前部稍抬起,比[i:]低。②唇形中常,牙床开得比[i:]宽,
上下齿间可容纳一个食指。
Egg else dress best again energy seven beds, ten
desks, the next lessen
Let’s get ready for the test.
All’s well that ends well.


[?]
①舌尖抵下齿。 ②双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平形,两齿间可以容纳食指和中指。
And as bag lamp catch happen a happy man, a happy family, hand in hand, caps
and cats
Harry has a happy family in Canada.
The rat is running on a narrow track.
⑵ 爆破辅音:[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]

爆破音发音要领:[p] [t] [k]是清辅音,发音时声带不振动,送气要强。
[b] [d] [g]是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动,送气要强。



[p] [b]
双唇紧闭,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔。
[t] [d]
舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后突然下降,气流冲出口腔。
[k] [g]
舌后部隆起,紧贴软颚,形成阻碍,然后突然离开,气流冲出口腔。

⑶发音练习: b[bi:] d[di:] e[i:]
Lesson 2
⑴ 后元音:[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:]
后元音发音要领:①舌尖不触下齿,舌身后 缩,舌后部向软颚抬起,除[ɑ:]外,
双唇要收圆。
②发
[ɑ:][?:][u:]
时要注意长度,不要发得太短。

[ɑ:]
舌尖不触下齿,口张大,舌身平放后缩。
Art army star father garden tomato a large car, half a jar, after the bath
I like to pass through the garden park.
Far from eye, far from heart.
[?]
①舌尖不触下齿,口张大,舌身尽量降低并后缩。②双唇稍稍收圆。③可先发
[ɑ:],然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩,双唇稍稍收圆(不要突出)即可发出[?]。
On off hot want doctor foreign cotton socks, borrow a
clock, a pocket watch
The coffee is top quality.
When the shop was robbed, everybody was shocked.

[?:]
①舌后部比发[?]时抬得略高。②双唇也收得更圆更小,并须用力向前突出。
Always or law before caused daughter all in all, more
and more, a short story
Paul’s four and can walk and talk.
The storm draws near---we ought to go indoors.


[u]
①舌尖不触下齿,

舌后部向软颚抬起,舌身后缩。 ②双唇收圆,稍向前突出。
Full look wood foot woman sugar push and pull, good books, by hook or by
crook
The cook cooks good food.
The woman stood for as long as she could.
[u:]
双唇比发[u]时收得更圆更小,向前突出,舌后部比发[u]时抬得更高。
To who lose group music fruit a blue balloon, an afternoon in June, huge rooms
The news is too good to be true.
That rule is useful once in a blue moon.
⑵ 摩擦辅音:[f] [v] [
s
] [z] [?] [?] [
?
] [?]
摩擦音发音要领:
[f] [s] [?] [?]是清辅音,发音时声带不振动。
[v] [z]
[?] [?]
是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动。

发摩擦音时必须注意:①软颚抬起, 堵住到鼻腔的通道,但口腔通道不完全
阻塞,留有窄小空隙,气流从中泄出时摩擦或振动成音。②摩擦音 可以
延长而发音器官位置不变。

[f] [v]
下唇轻触上齿,气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过,摩擦成音。

[s] [z]
舌端及舌尖靠近上齿龈,但不接触,上下齿靠拢,但不要咬住,气流由舌
端与上齿龈之 间逸出,摩擦成音。
[?] [?]
舌尖和舌端抬向上齿龈较后部分,舌身两侧紧贴上颚,中 央形成一条狭长的
通道,上下齿靠拢或靠近,但不要咬住,气流由舌端与上齿龈较后部分之
间逸 出,摩擦成音。

[?] [?]
舌尖轻触上齿背,气流由舌齿间的窄小缝隙逸出,摩擦成音。
⑶ 发音练习:c[si:] f[ef]
good[gud] too[tu:] this[?is] is[is]
these [?i:z] cat[k?t] dog[d?g] it[it]

Lesson 3
⑴ 中元音:[?] [?:] [?]


中元音 发音要领:舌尖抵住下齿,但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。舌身的中部
隆起,扁
唇(
双 唇不要收圆)。

[?:]
①舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。②牙床开得较窗窄,双唇和发[i:]时相似。
③注意长度,不要发得太短。
Her girl first turn work prefer a dirty shirt, the third world, the
worst person
The German girl prefers a purple shirt to a blue one.
The early bird catches the worm.
[?]
①舌中部抬起。②牙床半开半合,唇形扁或中常。③这个音和汉语普通话轻声
的“么(me)”及 “了(le)”中的短促元音“e”相似,但英语的[?]在词末时
发音比普通话的“e”长。
About polite forget river woman potato bread and
butter, salt and pepper, again and again
The teachers will get together tomorrow.
Do you prefer the cinema or theatre?

[?]
①舌中部稍抬起。②开口程度和[?]相似,唇形扁。
③从元音[?]出发,将圆唇改为扁唇,即可发出[?]。
Up under cut does young enough much money, lucky in love, just for fun
Well begun is half done.
Mother told the funny story just for fun.

⑵ 破擦音:[tr] [dr] [
?
] [?] [?] [?]
破擦音发音要领:
[tr] [?] [?]是清辅音,发音时声带不振动。
[dr] [?] [?]是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动。

破擦音是爆破音和摩擦音的结合,发破擦音时 必须注意:①憋住气流的发音
器官(舌尖和上齿龈)分开得比较缓慢,而且立即跟着发一个发音部位相似的摩擦音。②发破擦音时,先形成阻碍,在解除阻碍的同时舌尖向
摩擦音的部位滑动,发出摩擦 音。但这两步动作是紧密相连的,由一次
送气来完成,不可发出两个独立的音。

[?] [?]

软颚抬起,舌身形成发[?]音的姿势,但舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈, 形成阻
碍。气流冲破这个阻碍后,舌和齿龈间仍保持一个狭小的缝隙,发出摩擦的声音。



[tr] [dr]
软颚抬起,舌身作发[r]音的姿势,但舌 尖抵上齿龈后部,以形成阻碍。
气流冲破这个阻碍发出短促的[t]后立即发[r]。
[?] [?]
舌端贴住上齿龈,堵住气流,然后略为下降,气流随之泄出口腔。

⑶ 发音练习:g[?i:] p[pi:] r[ɑ:] s[es] t[ti:]
she[?i:] sister[?sist?]

Lesson 4
⑴ 合口双元音:[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
双元音发音要领:①由两个元音组 成,发音时由第一个向第二个元音的部位滑动,
但不完全到达第二个元音的部位。发音过程中
唇 形、舌位及牙床
开合程度均有相应的变化。

②前重后轻,第一个元音响亮清晰。第二个元音轻弱模糊。
③前长后短,第一个元音较长。第二个元音较短促。

[ei]
①由[e] 向[i]滑动,但不到[i]的部位就停止发音。②发音过程中下颚和下唇向
上移动,舌位也随之抬高。
Age play rain take labour today May Day, great change,
the name of the game
No pains, no gains.
Great changes have taken place in only one day.

[ai]
①[a]是个前元音( 不是后元音[ɑ:]),和汉语普通话“a”音相似,发音时舌
尖抵住下齿,舌位很低,舌前隆起。用扁 唇或中常唇形,牙床开合度宽。②从
[a]向[i]滑动,不到[i]的部位就停止发音。
Eye why night bike July a nice sight, quite right, high in the sky
Time and tide wait for no man.
A stitch in time saves nine.
[?i]
①开始部分舌位在[?]和[?:]之间。②由上述部位向[i]滑动,由圆唇变成 扁唇,
舌前部随之稍稍抬起。
Oil boil toy coin choice destroy make an appointment,


toilet paper, a noisy boy
She made her point in a joyful voice.
The boy was annoyed when his toy was destroyed.
[?u]
由[?]向[u]滑动, 双唇由扁到略为收圆,但不到[u]的部位就停止发音。
No slow toes road both overcoat I don’t know. Close the window. It’s so
cold.
The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
[au]
①开始部分和[ai]中的[a]相同,①由 [a]向[u]滑动时把双唇逐渐收圆,舌后
部随之稍稍抬起。②防止一开始就把双唇收圆,把[au] 变成[?u]。
Bow mouse shout county around out of town, a
brown cow, a thousand houses
How about going down south?
She found out how to pronounce the sound.
⑵ 鼻(辅)音:[m] [n] [?]

鼻音发音要领:
①软颚下垂,口腔通道完全堵塞,气流从鼻腔逸出。
②三个鼻辅音[m] [n]

[?]都是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动。
③鼻辅音在词末时,发音略为延长。

[m]
双唇紧闭,舌身平放,软颚下垂,气流从鼻腔逸出。

[n]
舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻碍,双唇不闭,软颚下垂,气流从鼻腔逸出。
[?]
舌尖和发[k][g]时相同,但软颚下垂,堵住口腔通道,气流从鼻腔逸出。

⑶发音练习:a[ei] h[ei
?
] i[ai] j[?ei] k[kei] m[em]
n[en] o[?u] v[vi:] x[eks] z[zed]

Lesson 5
⑴ 集中双元音:


双元音发音要领: ①由两个元音组成,发音时由第一个向第二个元音的部位滑动,
但不完全到达第二个元音的部位。发音过 程中
唇形、舌位及牙床
开合程度均有相应的变化。

②前重后轻,第一个元音响亮清晰。第二个元音轻弱模糊。
③前长后短,第一个元音较长。第二个元音较短促。

[i?]
①发[i]时注意用扁唇,嘴不要张得太开,以免发成[e]或[?]。
②舌身稍向后缩,从[i]很快滑向[?]。
Ear here real fierce nearly idea cheerful tears, from ear to ear,
mysterious ideas
I fear we can’t hear him clearly.
You are serious but sincere, my dear.
[??]
①[?]是个前元音,发音时舌尖触下齿,舌位半开,舌前隆起。牙床较宽,在[e]与[?]之间。②舌身稍向后缩,由从[?]很快滑向[?]
Air care therefore various repair prepare wear and tear, share a pear, a
careless bear
Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
He rarely stares at the mayor, because he’s scared.
[u?]
①[u]不要发成[u:]。②舌身稍向前移,由从[u]很快滑向[?]
Sure poor tour Europe curious endure fewer and fewer, the
curious tourist
Surely the poor patient will be cured.
The European tourist felt insecure.

⑵ 摩擦音[h] [r] [j] [
w
]及舌侧音 [l]

摩擦音发音要领:
[h]是清辅音,发音时声带不振动。
[r] [j]
[w]
是浊辅音,发音时声带必须振动。

[h]
这个音也 叫喉音。①发这个音时,发音器官呈发元音的姿势,声门张开,气流
不受阻碍,自由逸出口腔,声带不振 动,只是在通过声门时形成轻微的摩擦;口
型不定,随后面的元音而变化。②发音时舌后部和软颚间不产 生摩擦,即不要发
成汉语“赫”的声母。
[r]
这个音也叫卷舌音。①舌尖向 上齿龈后部抬起,舌前对硬颚呈凹形,舌身两侧


紧贴上颚。②双唇略突出,气流由舌面与 硬颚间逸出,牙床开合程度大小均可。③
软颚升起,声带振动。
[j]
这个音 也叫半元音。①舌身和双唇呈发[i]的姿势,舌前部向硬颚抬起,双唇向
两旁伸展成扁平形,声带振动 。②发音急促短暂,一经发出,立刻向后面的元音滑
动。
[w]
这个音也叫半 元音。①舌身和双唇呈发[u:]的姿势,舌后部向软颚抬起,声带
振动。②发音急促短暂,一经发出, 立刻向后面的元音滑动。

舌侧音[l]发音要领:

[l] < br>①
舌端紧抵上齿龈,气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出。②[l]两种发音,即所谓清晰
[l] 和含糊[l]。发清晰[l]时,舌前向硬颚抬起,舌尖抵上齿龈,舌身平直,气流从
舌的一侧或两侧逸 出。发含糊[l]时,舌尖抵上齿龈,舌面形成凹槽,舌后上抬,气
流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出。

⑶ 发音练习:l[el] q[kju:] u[ju:] w[?d?blju:] y[wai]














英语国际音标
名称
单元音
元音
双元音
清辅音
浊辅音
辅音 鼻音
摩擦音
舌侧音

练习一
音标 字母
[si:]

[ef]

[?i:]

[ɑ:]

[es]

[ti:]

[pi:]

[?d?blju:]

音标
[i:] [i] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] [?:] [?]
[ɑ:] [?] [e] [?]
[ei] [ai] [?u] [au] [i?] [??] [?i] [u?]

[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [?] [?]
[tr] [?] [?]

[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [?]
[dr] [?] [?]

[m] [n] [?]
[h] [r] [j] [w]
[l]
音标 字母 音标 字母 音标 单词
[ei]

[?u]

[?i:]

[ei?]

[vi:]

[?sist?]

[ai]

[eks]

[gud]

[?ei]

[zed]

[tu:]

[kei]

[el]

[?is]

[em]

[kju:]

[?i:z]

[en]

[ju:]

[k?t]

[wai]

[bi:]

[d?g]



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