48个英语国际音标及练习

国际音标（英语语音）
前元音
单元音
元音
中元音
后元音
开合双元音
双元音
集中双元音
清辅音
爆破音
浊辅音
清辅音
摩擦音
浊辅音
辅音
破擦音
浊辅音
鼻音
舌则音
半元音
（浊辅音）
（浊辅音）
（浊辅音）
清辅音
[i:]
[?]
[u:]
[ei]
[i?]
[p]
[b]
[?]
[v]
[t?]
[d?]
[m]
[l]
[w]
[i]
[?:]
[u]
[ai]
[ε?]
[t]
[d]
[s]
[z]
[tr]
[dr]
[n]
[r]
[j]
[e]
[?]
[?:]
[?i]
[u?]
[k]
[g]
[?]
[?]
[ts]
[dz]
[?]


[?]

[?]
[?u]



[θ]
[?]







[a:]
[au]



[h]






1 元音:
1) [i:] 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平作微笑状，发“一”之长音。此音是长元音，一定注意把音发足。
字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
1

eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean
piece receive ceiling
2) [i] 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全舌，发短促之“一”音。
发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) [?] 双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床开，软鄂升起，唇自然开放。
发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 58 4)
4) [e] 舌近硬鄂，舌尖顶下齿，牙床半开半合，作微笑状。
字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5) [?:]舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。
字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [?]舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之短音。
2

字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control
around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后升缩微离下齿，发阿之长音。
字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [∧] 双唇平放，牙床半开，舌尖抵住下龈，舌后微微升起，发短促之“阿”音。
发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) [?:] 双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开渐至全开，舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后。
3

字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
10) [?] 双唇稍微向外突出圆形，舌后升起，舌尖不触下齿，发“奥”音。
发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash watch
11) [u:] 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发 “屋”之长音。
字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full prude
12) [u] 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发短促之“屋”音。
字母组合 oo ou u o
look good foot book wood
should could
put full bull pull push
woman wolf
13) [ei] 舌类顶下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平，由发“哀”平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。
4

发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 将口张开略圆，舌后升起，舌尖向后收缩，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。
发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] 将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。
字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town
16) [?u] 口半开半合，舌后微升，过渡成双唇成圆形，发“欧”之长音。
发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [?i]双唇外突成圆形，发“奥”音逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发“一”之短音。
字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
5

oil soil voice choice
18) [i?]双唇张开岈床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过渡至上卷，从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。
字母组合 eer ear
beer deer
ear near
here fierce idea
19) [ε? ] 双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开相当宽，舌尖卷上渐至卷后。
字母组合ear air ere
pear bear
chair air fair
there where
care
20) [u?] 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，发“屋”之长音，然后从“屋”音过渡
到“厄”音。
字母组合our ower
hour tour
flower shower
2 容易混淆的元音
[
?
] [e] bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei] real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai] bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [
?:
] house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
6

[aU] [
?
] found fond down done gown gone town ton
[
?
][
?
] fan fun tan tun san son tank tun
3辅音
1) [p] 双唇紧闭并使气流突破双唇外泻。pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] 双唇紧闭并使气流突破双唇外泻且振动声带。book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，然后突然张开，使气流外冲而成音。来居上
tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，然后突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，并振动声带。
door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] 用舌根抵住后颚，再突然张开，使空气外冲而成音。
king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] 用舌根抵住后颚，再突然张开，使空气外冲而成音，振动声带。
girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] 双唇紧闭，舌身平放，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔逸出。
man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] 双唇微闭，舌尖抵住上龈，振动声带，使气流从鼻腔出来。
pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [?] 双唇微闭，舌尖抵住下龈，振动声带，使气息由鼻孔流出来。
uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening
10) [l] ①舌端紧抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧 或两侧逸出。②[l]两种发音，即所谓清晰[l]
和含糊[l]。发清晰[l]时，舌前向硬颚抬起， 舌尖抵上齿龈，舌身平直，气流从舌的一侧或
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两侧逸出。发含 糊[l]时，舌尖抵上齿龈，舌面形成凹槽，舌后上抬，气流从舌的一侧或两
侧逸出。 long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] 这个音也叫卷舌音。①舌尖向上齿龈后部抬起， 舌前对硬颚呈凹形，舌身两侧紧
贴上颚。②双唇略突出，气流由舌面与硬颚间逸出，牙床开合程度大小均 可。③软颚升起，
声带振动。read red right run room write
12) [f] 上齿轻触下唇，用力将气息由唇齿之缝隙间吹出。
five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) [v] 上齿轻触下唇，用力将气息由唇齿之缝隙间吹出，须振动声带。
very evening even every voice vest of
14) [s] 双唇微开，上下齿接近于合拢状态，舌尖抵住下龈，气流从牙缝送出。
six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] 双唇微开，上下齿接近于合拢状态，舌尖抵住下龈，气流从牙缝送出，须振动声
带。zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [
θ
] 舌尖轻抵上齿，送出气流，并使舌齿互相摩擦。
think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [
?
] 舌尖轻抵上齿，再送出气流，但须振动声带，并使舌齿互相摩擦。
that this those these though
18) [?] 双唇微开，向前突出，舌尖升近上龈，用力将气息送出来，发“师”音。
sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
8

nation attention station
social special
sure
19)
[?]
双唇微开，向前突出，舌尖升近上龈，用力将气息送出来，须振动声带。
pleasure
20) [h] 口半闭，气息由声门出来，但是不振动声带。
hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] 双唇突出，呈尖圆形，舌后升向软颚，气息流过，振动声带。
when what where window wind wood
22) [j] 双唇微开，舌抵下齿贴近硬颚，气流摩擦而出。
yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [t?] 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，发“吃”音。
child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
24) [d?] 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，并振动声，发“之”
音。age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] 舌尖抵住上齿，作好发 “t”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“t”音后，紧接着
就发“r”这摩擦音。
tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] 舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“d”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“d”音后，紧接着
就发“ r”这摩擦音。
dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] 舌尖抵住 上齿，作好发“d”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“d”音后，紧接着
就发“z”这摩擦音。
goods woods moods hoods
9

4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w]
[s] [
θ
]
[z] [
?
]
[n] [?]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
close cloth breeze breathe
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
5字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [?] [
?
] [a:] [
?
]
late private grade bake grape nation station page
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [
i
] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [
?
] [
u:
] [
?
] [
?
] [
?
]
10

lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju:] [u] [
?
] [
?
]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [d?] [
?
]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [
?
]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r] [
?:
](美语发音)
11

right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [j] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [
?
] [
?:
]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [
i?
]
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [
?:
] [
i?
]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [
?:
] [
?
] [
i?
]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16） ere [
i?
] [
ε?
]
here mere fere sere
12

there
17) ir [
?:
] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [
?
] [
?:
]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or [
?:
] [
?:
] [
?
]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [
?:
] [
u?
]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [au] [
?:
]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au
?
] [
?
] [
?
]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
13

delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [
?u
] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [θ] [?]
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than
26) sion [??n] [??n]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [??n](不常见)
station nation translation attention question

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