苍耳子散-挝
英语国际音标学习资料
新英语国际音标表(48个)
元音(20个)蓝色(Original Version Of IPA)
长元音
短元音
ɑ:
?
?:
?
?
?: ?:
?
i:
?
U
:
? u
e ?
eI e? aI a? ?I ??
双元音 ?? e?ε? ??
u?
??
?u a?
au
辅音(28个)
轻辅音 p t
k f θ s ? h
浊辅音 b d g v ? z ? r
鼻音 m n ?
半元音 j w
边音 ?
英语音标及字母组合对照
元音:
1)
?
发音字母 u
o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt
cup bus
mother does love
trouble
rough
blood flood
2)
ɑ:
发音字母ar a al
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant
calm
half
aunt heart
3)
?
?
发音字母o a ou
hot lost lot
fox box hop loss collar not
want wash
watch
4)
?:
发音字母al or ore oo
au our ou ar aw
Small wall talk tall
ball walk
short more lord horse for
forty sport store
door floor
author
caught autumn
four court
bought
brought
1 9
ts t?
dz
d?
tr
dr
英语国际音标学习资料
warm
warn quarter
law saw
5)
?
发音字母er or ou ar o a e u ur
teacher leader remember player speaker
farmer
doctor actor author
delicious
familiar dollar
tomorrow today lesson
polite control
around ago elephant banana
Canada Japan
men listen
famulus
Saturday
6)
?: ?:
发音字母ir ur
ear er or
bird girl skirt third
turn burn murder nurse turtle
Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her serve
work world
7)
?
发音字母 i y e ui u ay a
sit
picture it is list six mix fix fit
many happy twenty dictionary
decide
build
yesterday
8)
i:
发音字母:ee ea e ie ei (eo ey i)
three tree
green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea
meat teacher mean speak
he she me
piece believe
receive ceiling
9)
? u
发音字母oo ou u o
look good
foot book wood
should could
put
full push
woman wolf
10)
U
:
发音字母oo o u ou
2 9
英语国际音标学习资料
food moon room gloom
broom doom goose tooth
do whom prove
move two
rude true blue
you group
11)
e
发音字母ea e a (ue, u, ie,
ai, ei, ay)
head bread pleasure feather
elephant remember sell shell lesson
better bed desk yes
many any
12)
?
发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat
map mad bad
13)
e?
eI
发音字母 ei a ay ea ai ey
eight
name
cake late gate plane April
play say
way
great break
rain plain paint paid
they hey grey
14)
a?
aI
发音字母 i y uy
bike fine find
die nine light night high
my try fly
eye
buy guy
15)
??
?I
发音字母oy oi
boy toy joy enjoy
oil soil voice choice
16)
??
发音字母eer ear ere
beer deer
ear near
here idea
17)
e?ε?
发音字母ear air ere are
pear bear
chair air fair
there where
care
dare
18)
??
u?
发音字母 our oor
ure
tour poor sure
19)
??
?u
发音字母 o ow oa
3 9
black glad flag man
英语国际音标学习资料
home cold no phone
host ghost
know low below grow blow
show flow
boat coat goal
20)
a?
au
发音字母ou ow
house out flour
ground account count sound loud
flower
down now cow how town
辅音:
1.爆破音
音标对比:
k
g
t
d
p
b
发音字母:ckck g t
d p b
keep
get tea deed put
book
kid gain team
deep pen bed
cake
beg neat need pet
bet
pick pig bet
bed pull ball
2.摩擦音
音标对比:
f
v
θ
?
发音字母:fph
v th th
life live thick
this
five vote
theme than
physics
visit teeth they
音标对比:
s
z
?
?
发音字母:sc
sz shchcitisi sis
sink zip action
treasure
pass zoo
machine measure
advice
his finish revision
Asia、ancient
4 9
英语国际音标学习资料
3.破擦音
音标对比:
tr
dr
ts
dz
t?
dr
发音字母:tr dr
ts ds ch jge
tree
dream bets beds chess
job
try dry
seats seeds children energy
treat draw nets needs
match
4)鼻音
音标对比:
m
n ?
发音字母:m n
ng n
Some noon
sing
Come nose
song
Map note
king
Moon nothing
thank
5)其他
音标:
h r
j w ?
发音字母:
hwh rwr
y wwh
L
Hot
race year wait let
House red yes wide leap
Horse right yard
what deal
Whole wrong
young while sale
Who
write yet when belt
Whse
【注意】wh 在元音字母O前才发
h
语音知识:
5 9
英语国际音标学习资料
1)
字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u
2)
音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音
素.
3)
元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英
语中有20元音。
4)
辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。
英语中有28辅音。
5) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,u
n'der'stand。
6) 开音节: a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike
home due;
b) 辅音+元音 he,go,hi。
7) 闭音节: a)
辅音+元音+辅音 bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;
b)元音+辅音it。
8) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
读音规则
1)
重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。
2) 非重读音节 [ ]
banana,student,today,after,[i]
orange,secret,evening,
very,Monday。
特殊读音
1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾
的辅音要和开头的元音连读。
not at all,half an hour,I love you and
all、after all。
2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,
前面的辅音要失去爆破。
good girl,good student,good
job,expression,school,extreme。
3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。
Would you do it?
I am glad to meet you、Can't you see it? last
year,this year。
重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry。
b)有 a-,be-,de-,r
e-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,
dis-
,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-
等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a'
bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,
con'dem
n,res'pect,com'pare,
in'form,dis'cuss,im'press
,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cap
e,
pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late
c)有
de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-
等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重
音在第一个音节上,其它的
词性在第二个音节上。'record,re'cord; 'insult,in'sult;
'conduct,con'duct; 'present
pre'sent;
'content,con'tent。
d)有些复合词和带有前缀
re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词,有两个重音。
'out'side,'r
e'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'
pre-'war,'post-'war。
6 9
英语国际音标学习资料
B)多音节词
a)一
般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy
,
oppor'tunity,de'mocracy。
b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重
音读音
'car
efully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cord
ing,dis'turbance,'complicated,
es'tablishment。
c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience
,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,
-ity,ive 后缀的词,重音在
这些
后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his't
orian,peri'odic,
mathe'matics,ex'perience,
suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi
'osity,pro'tective。
d)词尾有
-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette
后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有
一个次重音。
enter'tain,emplo'ye
e,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette。
一些特殊规则:
? S后的清辅音
k
p
t
要浊化为
g
b
d
音。
如:sky skill stop student space sport
? 字母组合tion有两种发音
t?n
,
??n
如:
t?n
question
??n
situation nation invitation
? 有些单词中某些字母不发音
如:hour climb Christmas know listen
?
一般情况开音节发本音(如 辅+元+辅+e 的结构)
a [e?] cake
,face , table ,grade,… have[?]除外
e [i:] these , he, she, be, we…
I
[a?] mine , ride , time, … give ,live[?]
除外
o [??] nose ,those ,hope ,…
(另外,‘o’后是m, n, v, th,发[?]
如:love, some
,come,glove,brother,mother whose,whom[u:]除外。)
U [ju:] cute ,use
闭音节一般不发本音(如
辅+元+辅 的结构)
a [?] cat ,black
,glad,…
e [e] bed , left , help ,
…
I [?] big ,milk ,think ,…
7 9
英语国际音标学习资料
o
?
?
hot , stop , clock,…
u [?] bus , sun ,but ,… put , pull[?]除外
? 仅一种发音的字母组合:ai, ay [e?] rain ,play
al [?:] all , walk talk half [ɑ:]除外
oa [??] coat
,boat
ch [t?]
chair , China school [k] 除外
ck [k] duck , clock
sh [?] shirt , shoes 还有sure [?]
?
a前是辅音[w] 时,a发
?
?
,如:want ,what,
watch ,wallet, wash
a后是字母ss , s, f ,
n时,一般发[ɑ:],如grass,class,ask,after,…
i后是ld,
nd结尾时, i 发[a?],如:find ,kind , child ,behind ,…
一些常用字母组合的发音:
ar
[ɑ:]
farm far farther park
[?:] quarter
warm
air
[e?] chair hair hairdryer
pair airport
ear
[??]dear year ear
earphone near hear
[e?] bear pear
[?:] learn early
ere
[??] here
[e?] where there
[?:] were
ea
[e?] great
[e] head sweater
breakfast ready bread headache heavy
[i:] speak peach beach each please read
reading-room teacher
teach eat seat tea
teapot meat ice- cream Easter mean
[??]
really idea theatre
ee
[i:] see
eighteen three green sweet tree Halloween
need street sweep
weekend
er
[?:]
her hers term
[?] brother daughter
father mother sister teacher number tiger
after
8 9
英语国际音标学习资料
flower
or
[?] doctor visitor mirror
calculator
[?:] work worker word world
[?:] for forty morning short sport
fork horse New York order more
before
ir ur
[?:] bird girl birthday shirt
skirt third circle thirsty thirty sir first
turn purse nurse hamburger surf Thursday
hurt
igh
[a?] night bright right
light fight high height
[e?] eight
weight
oo
[?] cook foot football
classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye
book bookcase storybook
[u:]
food school too zoo cool room broom noodle
tooth toothache
afternoon soon balloon
spoon moon cartoon
ou
[?] country
countryside touch young cousin
[a?]
cloudy shout about house housework blouse
ground mountain sound
trousers mouth mouse
around loudly out
[??] shoulder
[?]
should would
ow
[a?]how down town
brown flower now cow
[??]row know
yellow bowl window follow Halloween
tomorrow show
glow grow blow slow low
snow snowy snowball
th
[θ]mouth
think thin thank theatre bathroom three
third thirteen
thirty thirsty anything
something
[?] brother father mother
the this these that those they them
their then with there than
Ed
[d]
listened played answered … (元音、浊辅音结尾)
[t]jumped helped liked milked cooked picked
washed watched danced
stopped(清)
[?d]tasted collected visited wanted planted
started (t ,d结尾的单词)
9 9
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