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大学英语四级阅读文档

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-26 01:54
tags:英语四级阅读技巧

骓-高一数学提分

2020年10月26日发(作者:谭雅玲)


大学英语四级阅读文档


资料仅供参考
【阅读攻略】四级考试阅读理解阅读技巧
四级考试阅读理解中的四不要
从新教学大纲对阅读能力的要求中,我们知
道它主要包括阅读速度和阅读理解两个方面,笔
者在 西北工业大学学生中做了问卷调查,其中约
95%的学生认国掌握词汇量太少是影响阅读理
解的 首要问题;°阅读速度方面,绝大多数学生
认为她们在不同程度上都有以下不良阅读习惯:
(1)“指读”,即为了“集中注意力”,用
手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅读。一遇到生词,便
停 顿下来,无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅
读。
(2)“唇读”,即有的学生在阅读中 寺喜欢
读出声来,或即使不出声,嘴唇了居动,或脑子
里也在想着读音,无形当中影响了大脑的 思维速
度。
(3)“回读”,即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟
悉的短语时,返回句首 甚至段首重读;还有相当
多的学生对阅读忆经产生心理定势,即认为自已
第一遍肯定读不懂,因 此重复多遍,浪费很多时
间。
(4)“译读”,即在阅读过程中,不断地进


资料仅供参考
行膛词逐句的翻译 ,经过译成母语来辅助理解。
由于没有掌握正确的阅读方法,习惯于在不加限
定的时间内,对一 小块文章精雕细琢,导致了逐
词阅读接受信息的习惯。
四级考试阅读理解技巧
四级阅读测试一般包括4篇文章的阅读,
每篇后有5道选择题。这些的类型多种多样,但归纳起来大致可分为二大类,即全域型问题
(Global Question)和局域型问题(Local
Question ). Local Question一般涉及三
方面内容:Subject Matter,
AttitudeTone; Local Question 涉及:
Supporting Details ,Inference,
Vocabulary.以下,我们将针对四级考试的特< br>点、出题范畴、出题方式等,根据这些问题在考
试出题中的大致排列顺序,进行有步骤、有计划< br>的分项应试技能训练。
四级考试阅读理解技巧(一)
关于主题思想问题(Subject Matter)


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Subject Matter(SM中心思想)是作者
在文章中要表示的的主要内吼是贯 穿全文的核
心。作者在文章中努力经过各种Supporting
Details来阐明中心 议题。因此,把握主要思想
对于全文内听理解具有重要意义。熟悉四级测试
的人都知道,这类问 题常被列为5题之首。然
而,如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为她们
总希望经过某个词或某 句话就能找到答案,而找
主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。
针对SM问题,应采 用快速阅读法
(Skimming)浏览全文,理解文章主旨大意,
阅读时要注意抓住中心思想 的句子在文章中的
位置也不同,但阅读时,文章的开头、结尾及段
落的段首句和段尾句特别重要 ,因为她们往往名
包含文章的中心议题(SM)。
根据批发部在内容的不同,这类问题可分杰
主题型、标题型和目的型 。主题型一目了然就
是找中心(Main Idea);标题型是为文章选择
标题(Title );目的型就是推断作者的写作意图
(Purpose).这类题常见的命题方式有:


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(1) What is the main idea
(subject) of this passage ?
(2) What does this passage
mainly (primarily)concerned ?
(3) The main theme of this
passage is ___________.
(4) The main point of the passage
is__________.
(5) Which of the following is the
best title for the passage ?
(6) The title that best expresses
the theme of the passage is
___________.
(7) On which of the following
subject would the passage most
likely be found in a textbook ?
(8) The purpose of the writer in
writing this passage _________.
(9) Which of the following best
describes the passage as a whole ?
1. 关于主题型
Example 1:


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Oceanography has been defined
as
the study of the sea
Before the nineteenth
century ,scientists with an interest in
the sea were few and far
between .Certainly Newton
considered some theoretical aspects
of it in his writings ,but he was
reluctant to go to sea to further his
work .
For most people the sea was
remote , and with the exception of
early intercontinental travelers or
others , who earned a living from the
sea, there was little reason to ask
many questions about it ,let alone to
what lay beneath the surface ,The
first time that thequestion
at the bottom of oceans
answered with any commercial
consequence was when the laying of


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a telegraph cable from Europe to
America was proposed. The
engineers had to know the depth
profile( 轮廓)of the route to estimate
the length of cable that had to be
manufactured.
It was to Maury of US Navy that
the Atlantic Telegraph Company
turned, in 1853 , for information on
this matter. In the 1840s,Maury had
been responsible for encouraging
voyages during which soundings(试
探)were taken investigate the depths
of the North Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans. Later, some of his findings
aroused much popular interest in his
book The Physical Geography of the
Sea.
The cable was laid , but not until
1866 was the connection made
permanent and reliable. At the early
attempts, the cable failed and when


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it was taken out for repairs it was
found to be covered in living growths,
a fact which defied contemporary
scientific opinion that there was no
life in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography
was under way. In 1872Thomson led
a scientific expedition, which lasted
for four years and brought home
thousands of samples form the sea.
Their classification and analysis
occupied scientists for years and led
to a five-volume report, the last
volume being published in 1895 .
This passage is mainly
about_____________.
A) the beginnings of
oceanography
B) the laying of the first undersea
cable
C) the investigation of ocean
depths


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D) the early intercontinental
communications
本题问及全篇的中心思想。经过快读
(skimming )我们知道这是一篇叙述海洋
学的文 章。第一段谈的是关于海洋学的定
义;第二段是讲19世纪前对海洋感兴对趣的科
学家不多;第 三段谈到由于有人提了铺设海底电
缆,人们才开始研究海底深处究竟是什么;第
四段说Maur y考察北大西洋和太平洋的发现
引起广泛的注意;第五段讲修筑海底电缆过程中
发现大量的海洋 生物;最后一段是海洋学研究的
成果。可风全篇主要是讲海洋学的研究是如何开
展起来的,因此 正确答案是A)。文章有 个地
方谈到铺设义;第二段是讲19世纪前对海洋感
兴趣的科学家不 多;第三段谈到由于有人提出铺
设海底电缆,人们才开始研究海底深处究竟有
什么;第四段说M aury考察北大西洋和太平
洋的发现引起广泛的注意;第五段讲修筑海底电
缆过程中发现大量 的海洋生物;最后一段是海洋
学研究的成果。可见全篇主要是讲海洋学的研究
是如何开展起来的 ,因此正确答案是A)。文章
有好几个地方谈到铺设海底电缆B)和越洋通讯


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(D),但都是围绕着海洋学这条主线的。至于
C),测量海洋深度,只是一个细 节,不可能是
文章的中心意思
四级考试阅读理解技巧(二)
2.关于标题型
Example :
A rapid means of long-distance
transportation became a necessity
for the United States as
settlement(新拓居地 ) spread ever
farther westward. The early trains
were impractical curiosities, and for
along time the railroad companies
met with troublesome mechanical
problems. The most serious ones
were the construction of rails able to
bear the load, and the development
of a safe, effective stopping system.
Once these were solved, the railroad
was established as the best means of
land transportation. By 1860 there


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were thousands of miles of railroads
crossing the eastern mountain
ranges and reaching westward to the
Mississippi. There were also regional
southern and western lines .
The high point in railroad building
came with the construction of the
first transcontinental system. In
1862 congress authorized two
western railroad companies to build
lines from Nebraska west-ward and
from California eastward to a
meeting point, so as to complete a
transcontinental crossing linking the
Atlantic seaboard with the
Pacific .The Government helped the
railroads generously with money and
land Actual work on this project
began four years later. money and
land. Actual work on this project
began four years later. The Central
Pacific Company, starting from


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California, used Chinese labor, while
the Union Pacific employed crews of
Irish laborers. The two groups
worked at remarkable speed, each
trying to. cover a greater distance
than the other. In l869 they met at a
place called Promontory in what is
now the state of Utah. Many visitors
came there for the great occasion.
There were joyous celebrations all
the country, with parades and the
ringing of church bells to honor the
great achievement.
The railroad was very important
in encouraging westward movement.
It also helped build up industry and
farming by moving raw materials and
by distributing products rapidly to
distant markets. In linking towns and
people to one another it helped unify
the United States.
The best title for this passage


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would be__________.
A) Settlements Spread Westward
B) The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A
Vital Link
C) American Railroad History
D) The Importance of Trains in
the American Economy
本题是给文章选标题,实际上也是问及全篇
的主旨。文章第一段的第一 句虽然提到

westward 但这不是本文论述的中心,太故
选项A)是错的;选项 D)也不合适,因为作者
在第三段第二句里谈的是在美国起重要作用的
transcontin ental railway, 而不是泛指
美国的铁路;虽然本文从一个侧面反映了美国铁
路 的历史,故选项C)也是错的;本文的第三段
点了文章的主旨,即这条横贯美国的铁路在开发
西 部、发展工农业生产和统一美国等方面 起到
了a vital link 的作用。因此,答案应该是选
项B)
四级考试阅读理解技巧(三)


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3.关于目的型
We find that bright children are
rarely held back by mixed -ability
teaching. On the contrary, both their
knowledge and experience are
enriched. We feel that there are
many disadvantages in
streaming( 把...按能力分班) pupils. It
does not take into account the fact
that children develop at different
rates. It can have a bad effect on
both the bright and the not-so-bright
child. After all, it can quite
discouraging to be at the bottom of
the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to
grade people just according to heir
intellectual ability. This is only one
aspect of their total personality. We
are concerned to develop the abilities
of all our pupils to the full , not just
their academic ability. We also value


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personal qualities and social skills,
and we find that mixed-ability
teaching con- tributes to all these
aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in
various ways. The pupils often
work in groups: this gives them the
opportunity to learn to cooper- ate, to
share, and to develop leadership
skills. They also learn how to cope
with personal problems as well as
learning how to think, to make
decisions, to analyze and evaluate,
and to communicate effectively. The
pupils learn from each other as well
as from the teacher. Sometimes
the pupils work in pairs`, sometimes
they work on individual tasks and
assignments, and they can do this at
their own speed. They also have
some formal class teaching when this
is appropriate. We encourage our


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pupils to use the library, and we
teach them the skills they need in
order to do this efficiently. An
advanced pupil can do advanced
work: it does not matter what age
the child is. We expect our pupils
to do their best, not their least, and
we give them every
encouragement to attain this goal.
The author s purpose in writing
this passage is to________.
A) argue for teaching bright and
not-so-bright pupils in the same
class
B) recommend pair work and
group work for classroom activities
C) offer advice on the proper use
of the library
D) emphasize the importance of
appropriate formal classroom
本题要求学生首先了解这篇文章的主题。文
章中讨论了两种上课的方式: stream1ng


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pupi1s即把学生按能力分班进行教学和
mixed-ability teaching 即把程度不齐的学
生混班上课。并列举了前者的弊端和后者的优
点。因此A)是答案。而选项出 ,B),D)中提
到的几种做法均为mixed-abi1ity
teaching的具体做 法,都不能看作是作者写这
篇文章的目的。这一题要求阅读时不但要看懂个
别的句子,而且要能 够根据作者思路的展开,把
握作者在整篇文章中赞成什么反对什么,因此,
必须看懂全篇文章的 意思.

四级考试阅读理解技巧(四)
关于细节性问题(Suppporting Details)
细节性问题是关于Supporting Details类的
问题,经过Skimming找 出主题后,应进一步
掌握阐述和发展主题的主要事实,或按要求找出
特定细节。 在回答此类问 题时,应采用查读法
(Scanning),因为这些具体内容(Detai1s
是用来说明、 论证或分析文章中心的。这类题目
常以形式来提问,如who, what,
when, where, why及how等形式。这


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些问题的表示常不采 用文章中的原话提问,而是
使用同义词语等,因此,在选择答案前应首先看
准题于,看清问题所 问;
究竟;然后,在查读时注意寻找与题目相关
的关键词语;最后,在充分理解原文、原 题的基
础上确定正确答案。
当然,这类细节性问题所涉及的面是很广
的。有的涉 及数字计算,如问时间、距离、次数、
数量等,认真计算后方可选定正确答案;有的涉
及正误判 断,要先看选项,根据选项提供的线索,
寻视文中相应部分,最后在题中选出肯定答案;
还有的 寻问事实、原因、结果、目的等。总之,
做细节题切忌经过自己对某类知识的主观了解
和认识做 出想像判断,一定要紧扣文章内容,不
可随心所欲。
细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种:
(1)Which of the following is NOT
true according to the information in
the passage?
(2) Which of the following is
mentioned in the passage?
(3) What is the example of . . . as


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described in the passage?
(4) The author mentions all of the
following except . . .
(5) The reason for . . .is . . .
(6) The author states that . . .
(7) According to the passage,
when (where, why, how, who,
etc. ) ...
Example :
Just seven years ago, the
Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being
cheered as the model of human
creativeness. The sight of Barney
Clark- alive and conscious after
trading his diseased heart for
met-al-and-plastic pump -convinced
the press, the public and many
doctors that the future had arrived. It
hadn t. After monitoring production
of the Jarvik-7 , and reviewing its
effects on the 150 or so patients
(most of whom got the device as a


资料仅供参考
temporary measure) the U. S. Food
and Drug Administration concluded
that the machine was doing more to
endanger lives than to save them.
Last week the agency cancelled its
earlier approval , effectively banning
( 禁止 ) the device .
The recall may hurt Symbion Inc. ,
maker of the Jarvik-7 , but it won t
end the request for an artificial heart.
One problem with the banned model
is that the tubes connecting it to an
external power source created a
passage infection. Inventors are now
working on new devices that would
be fully placed, along with a tiny
power pack, in the patient s chest.
The first sample products aren t
expected for another 10 or 20 years.
But some people are already
worrying that they 11 work- and that
America s overextended healthcare


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programs Will lose a precious $$ 2.5
billion to $$ 5 billion a year providing
them for a relatively few dying
patients. If such expenditures( 开
支)cut into funding for more basic
care , the net effect could actually be
a decline in the nation s health.
According to the passage the
Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be
________.
A) a technical failure
B) a technical wonder
C) a good life-saver
D) an effective means to treat
heart disease
本题是考核学生根据止下文全面理解和进
行正确判断的能力,问的是 本文论述的
Jarvik-7人造心脏性能和效果到底如何。文章
一开头说Jarvik-7是 一大技术成就,但文章说
到:…the .U.S. Food and Drug
Administration concluded that the


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machine was doing more to endanger
lives than to save them (Line -7-9).
后面又提到:Last week the agency
canceled its earlier approval ,
effectively banning the device.这两句
话提供了这个问题的答案。因此,答案:
The new models of artificial
hearts are expected_______.
A) to have a working life of 10 or
20 years
B) to be set fully in the patient s
chest
C) to be equipped with an
external power source
D) to create a new passage for
infection
本题是 考核正确理解事实细节的能力。选
项已的意思与文章中第二段第三句,即

patien t s chest.的意思符合,因此选项
B)是答案。


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四级考试阅读理解技巧(五)
怎样回答阅读理解中的推理性问题 关于推理性
问题(Inference)
推理性问题与细节性问题相似,也是对文章具体内容的判断。但推理不但要求掌握文章所
表示的字面含义,还要掌握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识,从文章表面推出更深层含义,
这部分往往出题分量大,难度大,出错也最多,归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解
和掌握。
Inference类问题主要包括Significance和
Communication Techniques两大类。
1. Significance
文字表面往往没有明 显反映作者的全部意
图,有些含义需要读者从字里行间去体会,靠自
己的逻辑推理能力去判断, 从上下文的联贯及文
中有关部分的暗示去明析作者隐含的意思。这类
问题的命题方式有:
(1)The writer implies but not
directly states that__________-.
(2) It can be inferred from the
passage that_________.


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(3) The author strongly suggests
that__________ .
(4) It can be concluded from the
passage that________.
(5) The passage is intended
to__________ .
(6)The writer indicates
that__________ .
Example
Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital
produces the best patient care
possible. If we were to solve the
nursing shortage, hospital
administration and doctors
everywhere would do well to follow
Beth Israel s example
At Beth Israel each patient is
assigned to a primary nurse who
visits at length with the patient and
constructs a full-scale health
ac-count that covers everything from
his medical history to his emotion-al


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state. Then she writes a care plan
centered on the patient s illness but
which also includes everything else
that is necessary.
The primary nurse stays with the
patient through his hospitalization,
keeping track with his progress and
seeking further advice from his
doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is
not responding to treatment , it is not
uncommon for his nurse to propose
another approach to his doctor. What
the doctor at Beth Israel has in the
primary nurse is a true colleague.
Nursing at Beth Israel also
involves a decentralized ( 分散
的 )nursing administration; every
floor, every unit is a self-contained
organization. There are nurse
managers instead of head nurses,` in
addition to their medical duties they


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do all their own hiring and dismissing,
employee advising, and they make
salary recommendations. Each unit s
nurse decide among themselves who
will work what shifts and when.
Beth Israel s nurse-in-chief
ranks as an equal with other vice
presidents of the hospital. She also is
a member of the Medical Executive
Committee, which in most hospitals
includes only doctors.
It can be inferred from the
passage that__________.
A)compared with other hospitals
nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are
more patient .
B)in most hospitals nurses get
low salaries
C)in most hospitals nurses get
low salaries
D) compared with other hospitals


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nurses have to work longer hour at
Beth Israel Hospital
本题要求考生判断4个 选项中哪一个是根
据文章能够推断出的结论,要求考生根据文章内
容作出合理的推断。从本题所 提供的4个选项
来看,文章并未谈及护士的耐心(A);也未
谈及护士的工资待遇(Q),只是 说到护士的
工资提升要由各科室推荐;更未涉及护士的工
作时间长短(D)),文章的第一段最 后一句
才是得出正确答案的依据,这句的意思是:如
果我们确要解决护理工作不足的问题,那么 各地
医院的行政部门和医生最好还是效法一下
Beth Israel医院,主句的虚拟语气也 说明这
一点:迄今为止还未做到。由此能够推断:①护
理不充分是一个应该解决的问题;②这个 问题普
遍存在,否则就没有必要要求各地医院行政部门
和医生效法这家医院的做法。因此本题的 正确答
案为B),本题属于局域型问题的间接性问题,
这类问题是考生出错最多的题型。在做这 类问题
时,切忌从篇章的个别句子中寻找答案,而应把
目光放在全篇的理解上:作者写这篇文章 的目的
是什么,针对什么问题,如何解决等。有许多考


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生可能都有这种体验:有的问题,第一遍阅读时
做对了,第二遍再细读后,又改错了。这就是因
为她们在读第二遍时注意了对篇章的个别句于
的推敲,而忽视了整篇文章的大意。
2. Communication Techniques
文章中的每一句话都有它的作用和目< br>的,都是为作者的写作而服务的。有的是下层意
思的铺垫,有的是上旬话的结果,互相衬托,互< br>相联系。四级阅读中常常就技巧性问题提问,测
试读者对文章是否正确理解。这类题的命题方式< br>有:
(1)The fact . . . is mentioned by
the author to show _________.
(2)The author achieves his
purpose by depending mainly upon
(3)The writer talks about . . . in
order io_________ .
(4) In discussing . . . , the
author ._________
(5)The author s statement
about . . . is a . . . for . . .
Example :


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If women are mercilessly
exploited year after year, they have
only themselves to blame. Because
they tremble at the thought of being
seen in public in clothes that are out
of fashion, they are al-ways taken
advantage of by the designers and
the big stores. Clothes which have
been worn only a few times have to
be put aside because of the change of
fashion. When you come to think of it,
only a woman is capable of standing
in front of a wardrobe packed full of
clothes and announcing sadly that
she has nothing to wear. Changing
fashions are nothing more than the
intentional creation of waste. Many
women spend vast sums of money
each year to replace clothes that
have hardly been worn. Women who
cannot afford to throw away clothing
in this way, waste hours of their time


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altering the dresses they have. Skirts
are lengthened or shortened,
`necklines are lowered or raised, and
so on.
No one can claim that the
fashion industry contributes any
thing really important to society.
Fashion designers are rarely
concerned with vital things like
warmth, comfort and durability. They
are only interested in outward
appearance and they take advantage
of the fact that women will put up
with any amount of discomfort, as
long as they look right. There can
hardly be a man who hasn t at some
time in his life smiled at the sight of a
woman shaking in a thin dress on a
winter day, or delicately picking her
way through deep snow in high-
heeled shoes .


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When comparing men and
women in the matter of fashion, the
conclusions to be drawn are obvious.
Do the constantly changing fashions
of women s clothes, one wonders,
reflect basic qualities of inconstancy
and instability? Men are too clever to
let themselves be cheated by fashion
designers. Do their unchanging
styles of dress reflect basic qualities
of stability and reliability? That is for
you to decide .To the writer, the fact
that women alter their old- fashioned
dresses is seen as_________ .
A) a waste of money
B) waste of time
C) an expression of taste
本题问题是:女士们把过了时的衣服改 来改
去,在作者看来是浪费金钱(A));是(女
士对服装的)喜好(品味)的表现(C));
是(女士们)创造性的表现(D));还是(B))
所说的浪费时间。根据第二段所说的


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hours of their time altering the
dresses they have。(Para。2, Line
4~5,答案应选B)。
四级考试阅读理解技巧(六)
关于词汇问题(Vocabu1ary)

词汇(Vocabulary)是四级阅读 理解测试
中非常重要的一项。词汇类其实也是就细节进行
提问,所不同的是这是唯一关于词或词 组的练习
项目,词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短
语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解 释。解答
这类题需要学生拥有较大的词汇量。可是,单词
记忆似乎已成为学生普遍反映最头痛的 难题。阅
读理解中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几
种:
(1)According to the author ,the
word
(2)Which of the following is
nearest in meaning to
(3)The term
can be best replaced by ….


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(4)What s the meaning of
line …of paragraph….?
(5)As used in the line …, the word

一般来 说,在文章的阅读中解决释义的最
好办法是猜测词义。猜测词义也需要一定的技
巧,能够经过1 )上下文间意义的联系;2)同
义关系,反义关系;3)词的定义;4)对词的
解释和举例;5 )构词法知识猜测词义。
1. 利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义
Example :
The fishermen make their canoes
from tree trunks .They go from island
to island in these light marrow boats
and collect turtles eggs
我们从上下文中能够得出以下信息:
是一种渔夫用树木做的、来回于岛屿之间的、轻狭长的、类似于小船之类的东西。尽
管我们可能还不能肯定它的确切解释,但这一生词已经不会影响我们的阅读和理解了。
Example :


资料仅供参考
Jogging has become very popular
in some countries ,It is believed to be
a good exercise for old people .
的意思经过
exercise for old people 能够推断出是一
种适合老年人的剧烈的运动方式。
2. 利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词

Example :
If you happened to be sitting in
the woods outside the city ,you might
have witnessed a strange sight . You
would have seen a very proud
looking man riding along horseback ,
saying something
在文章中能够很容易地判断出
的同义关系词是因此
就是看见的意思。
Example :
In the northern regions the
winters are generally cold and
humid ,and the summers hot and dry .


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显然,冬天和夏天的气候是 截然相反的,它
们的修饰词的意思也应该截然相反。与
对应,与对应。因此,
是潮湿 意思。怎样回答阅读理解
中的词汇问题(下)
3. 利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义
Example:
Such experiences are not unusual
for the amateur conchologists,
people who collect shells.
Conchologists 的意思能够根据该词后
面的同位解释
shells理解为收集贝壳的人或贝壳收藏家。
Example :
Jack is now a florist, who keeps a
shop for selling flowers in our district.
的意思就是其后定语从句

所描述的拥有一家专门卖花的商店的人,即
花店主


资料仅供参考
4. 利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜 测词义
Example :
Today young couples who are
just starting their households of ten
spend lots of their money on
appliances ,for instance ,washing
machines , refrigerators and color
TVs.
经过所举的例子(washing
machines ,refrigerators and color
TVs)
能够看出,应是这些名词
的总称,即家用电器。
Example :
Finally the enemy
surrendered .They threw down their
weapons and walked out of the home
with their hands over their heads
经过后一句对的解释:扔
掉武器(throw down their weapons ),
举起双手(with their hands over
heads )可知其意是投降


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5. 利用构词法知识(前缀和后缀)猜测词义
Example :
They overestimate the
interviewee s ability and asked him
many difficult questions
是估计的意思,-
是前缀,意为过分,过度,超 过等,因此
就是高估的意思 。
Example :
We were told that ours was the
most spacious room in the hotel .That
was why we had to pay so much for it .
是由名词,空间)
++-ious(形容词后缀 变化而来的,因
此,可猜测其词义为宽敞。
各种各样的前、后缀能够构成名词、形容词、
动词、副词等,这些词缀需要平时不断地积累 和
记忆。掌握构词法知识是扩大词汇量和猜测生词
词义的最佳办法。
基本规律:
1、“体现中心思想的选项是答案”
2、“看似合理的选项不是答案;看似不合理


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的选项是答案”
3、“照抄原文的选项不是答案;和原文作同
义替换的选项是答案”
4、“含义肯定的选项不是答案;含义不肯定
的选项是答案”
5、“含义绝正确选项不是答案”
6、“含义具体的选项不是答案,含义概括的
选项是答
7、“含有some(包括someone、
somebody、some time、something、
certain等)的选顷是答案”
8、简单的不是答案,复杂的是答案
9、英语里有一些含义丰富的“小词”,特别是
一些形容词,副词,介词。
10、发展变化是答案。
11、“含有表示‘重要’的选顷是答案”表示“重
要”的词主要 有:important、necessity,
essential等.
1、“体现中心思想的选项是答案”
文中的细节、例子、引语都是为了说明文章
主旨、 段落主旨,因此考细节的题目,虽然不是


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主旨题,但能体现中心思想或段落土旨的选项是
答案的可能隆要远远大于其它选项、
2、“看似合理的选项不是答案;看似不合理的
选项是答案”
四个选择项中 若有一个对问题而言、根据
常识看似不合理,而其它几项根据常识都可合理
地作为问题的答案, 此时若我们没看懂(或在听
力理解中未听懂)文中意思,我们能够大胆猜测
这个看似不合理的选 项是答案。作为答案的选项
看起来不合理的原因可能是其中某个词不是常
见意义,若根据其一般 意义理解则该选项看起来
当然不合理,也可能是一些特定的理由,无论是
哪种情况,都有助于使 试题具有难度。因此根据
命题的难度原则及实践经验可得出如下猜题技
巧:“看似不合理的选项 是答案,看似合理的选
项不是答案”。
3、“照抄原文的选项不是答案;和原文作同义
替换的选项是答案”
在设计题 目时,为了迷惑考生,命题者一般
都会将原文中的内容换个说法作为正确答案的


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选项,而将某些与题干问题不符的原文原话作为
干扰项,或将原文中的某些句子 做了细微的改变
引诱考生上当。
4、“含义肯定的选项不是答案;含义不肯定的
选项是答案”
选项中的might等词语能够表示 种委婉、
中庸、不肯定的语气,为表示的观点留有余地,
而含义肯定的词语则使得句意有些绝对、没有余
地。凡事都不能太绝对,因此听力、阅读中的选
项“含义肯定的不是答案,含义不肯定的是答
案”,含义不肯定的标志有:can,
could .probably,may,might,be likely
to,most(大多数),more or less,
relatively等。
5、“含义绝正确选项不是答案”
凡事不可太绝对,因此含义中庸、折中、不
肯定、不确定的选项是答案的可能性要大于含义
绝的选项。表示一种绝对含义的词语有:must,always,never, the most(最高级),all,


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only,any,none,entirely等。也就是说 ,
选项中含有上述词语时,是答案的可能性较小。

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portrait-阔达


恐龙英文-takes是什么意思


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誉的意思-品性



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