大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

2020年10月26日发(作者：雍秀才)

英语四、六级段落信息匹配题
一、英语四级段落信息匹配题是什么？
长篇阅 读理解篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段
落，要求考生找出与每句所 含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可
能不对应任何一题。四级考试需要各位同学做 的是，大家需要去看十个左右的段落，然
后去匹配十个信息点。但是到六级当中，我们的难度就要增加了 ，我们见到的情况是六
级当中变成了15个段落，去匹配十个信息点。但总体来看，不管题型怎么变，其 实学习
方法没变，还是仍旧需要大家提高阅读的能力，比如说读文章的时候，是不是直接拿英
语 读，如果读快速阅读的时候，还是拿中文边翻译边读的话，会发现阅读速度一直会比
较慢，所以那么长的 文章很难找到细节，所以大家一定要养成拿英语直接阅读的这样一
种习惯，这样才能保证我们的阅读速度 又快又准。
二、信息匹配题难点分析
1.??考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵循的
“顺 序原则”解题。由于这一题型要求考
生把细节信息与其所在的段落进行匹配，
因此细节信息的排 列绝对是“乱序的”，
这就意味着考生从文章开头到结尾按顺
序定位的方法是行不通的。
2. 题干信息复杂，考生难以迅速抓住要
领。题干中的细节信息通常是极复杂和繁

< p>
琐的名词短语或长难句，考生往往在寻找
到合适的定位词之前，就已经被题干信息
的复杂表述弄得晕头转向了。
3. 考生难以寻找到合适的定位词。即使
考生能够读懂题干中 晦涩难懂的细节信
息，但也会在寻找定位词时遇到很大障
碍。因为题干提供的细节信息中往往不 会
出现非常明显的定位词(如数字、时间、
地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等)。
即 使考生能够找到一个定位词，这一定位
词也通常和文章主题密切相关，会在文章
中多次出现，因 而也没有太大的意义。
三、匹配题出题特点及应试技巧

匹配类题型有很多种，常见的种类有：
1）人名-观点匹配；2）.地名- 描述匹配；
3）句子-句子匹配；4）分类题
(Classification)；5）段落- 标题匹配；
6段落-细节匹配。其中前四种做题方法
比较类似，而后两种相对较复杂。这里将< br>阐述前四种题型的做题方法。
1. 扭转做题思维
先要扭转做题思维，不是找到句子 答案
所在，而是判断这句话在哪一段会出现。
所以我们首要明确，考官出这个题是要考
察我们什么阅读能力，我认为不是细节阅
读能力，而是对文章框架思路的把握能
力。

2．预览题干，明确关键词
该题型的解题基本思路是：先快速地将
题干读一下，划出关键词;然后采用
skimming和scanning的方式通读原文，
匹 配信息。
3．快速掌握文章脉络
通过阅读中心句快速掌握文章脉络。中
心句一般出现在首位句，转折词如but
或者因果关系联接词如 as a result 引
领的第二句，或者问句后面的答句。一般
建议在找到中心句后，读一下末句，可以
更精确地掌控段意。若无特别明显的中心
句， 首尾句的阅读也有助于理解段意。阅
读过程当中，有的信息点明确可直接先去

选 出答案。这里我们也要明确要多看英
文，掌握英文的行文思路。一般而言剑桥
里的文章组织有三 大类。一是按时间，如
货物运输，这是最简单的。 二是按观点
—原因—发展—瓶颈—措施—目标的布
局来分析一件事物。三是 偏科普的 夹杂
很多不同派别的理论，这个相对而言比较
难。
4. 注意字句的形式变化。 < br>在长篇阅读中寻找相关信息的难度很
大程度上取决于考生对字句形式变化的
辨识能力。需 要注意三种变化形式：1）题
干只对原文中个别单词或词组进行同义改
写或转述；2）题干对原 文中整句话进行同

义改写或转述；3）题干对原文中几句话或
整段内容进行综合 概括或推断。这就对考
生的单词量、对某一单词多重释义的了解
以及对句意的概括或推断能力提 出了新
要求。
5. 注意标记。
在首次阅读的过程中如果不能确定
某些 单句是否与该段落相匹配，最好
做个记号，以便第二次阅读时更有针
对性。第二次阅读的目的： 一是检查已
初步确定的段落与单句是否确实匹配；二
是完成第一遍阅读中尚未解答的题目。
6. 注意时间的合理使用，不要为确定某
个细节问题而浪费大量的时间。

【关键词的类型】
1. 人名、地名和专有名词
2. 一些拼写较 长的词，比如：
internship，competitiveness，
globaliz ation，integration，
sustainability，innovative，immigration等。这些词属于低频词，一
般不会大篇幅地出现。利用这些词可以高
效地查找匹配段落。另外，这些词有时会
作为生词在文中标注出来，像
internship ，在原文中用斜体印刷，并以
括号备注中文。我们选它做关键词，瞬间
就能找到原文出处了。

2. 数字，包括年代、百分比、特殊
事件等。如四级样卷中的：mid-1970s,
3.9 percent，20 percent，September 11
等。教研君利用这些数字进行定位，测得
的准确率是100%哦!
3. 以连字符连接的特殊词汇。如：
university-based，one-child。这些词是由两个(或三个)单词连接的新词，一般
当成形容词使用。三个单词的例子如：
hard -to-grasp难以理解的。这些词也属
于低频词，一般不会大篇幅出现。需要注
意的是有 时候我们需要将这些词拆开来
定位，如one- child在原文中是没有的，
原文是这样的“They often compromise

by having just one child. ”这里的
one child就不是整体作为形容词使用
了。
4. 研究、报告、书籍型词汇，如：
report，study，books等。一般来说研
究、报告等内容都是易考点，这些信息经常出现在特定的段落里，所以根据这些词
汇作为关键词也很容易定位。
5. 最高级，如best，worst，most等。
如六级第54题，关键词之一为the best < br>solution。然而仅凭此关键词我们可能无
法迅速地找到答案，因为原文的表述是
the most effective method，用的词汇
是完全不一样的。这时，我们还需要 增加

一个关键词pension，帮助我们定位。这
就提醒我们在平常的阅读中 应多关注最
高级出现的地方，因为它常常是考点。
6. 具有特殊意义的指示性词汇。这类词
汇虽然不是通常意义上的定位关键词，但
其特殊含义可将考生的注意力指向原文
的开头 、结尾或是某个具有特殊特征的段
落。
这些词通常包括如下三类：①能够指示
开头段 的词汇(如overview、
introduction、initiation、main ide a、
definition等)；②能够指示结尾段的词
(如overview、future 、 solution、
conclusion、suggestion、summary等)；

③能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词汇
(如rate、ratio、proporti on、
percentage等词往往对应含“%”的段
落；number、figure、s tatistical
demographics等词往往对应数字集中的
段落；finan cial、income、revenue、
salary等词往往对应含诸如
“$$”“￥”等 货币符号的段落)。考生能
够通过这些指示性词汇缩小回原文定位
的范围，从而快速判定
表1—四级样卷长篇阅读
表2—六级样卷长篇阅读
Passage One

Universities Branch Out
A) As never before in their long history,
universities have become instruments of
national competition as well as
instruments of peace. They are the place
of the scientific discoveries that move
economies forward, and the primary
means of educating the talent required to
obtain and maintain competitive
advantage. But at the same time, the
opening of national borders to the flow of
goods, services, information and
especially people has made universities a
powerful force for global integration,
mutual understanding and geopolitical
stability.
B) In response to the same forces that
have driven the world economy,
universities have become more
self- consciously global: seeking students
from around the world who represent

the entire range of cultures and values,
sending their own students abroad to
prepare them for global careers, offering
courses of study that address the
challenges of an interconnected world
and collaborative (合作的) research
programs to advance science for the
benefit of all humanity.
C) Of the forces shaping higher
education none is more sweeping than
the movement across borders. Over the
past three decades the number of
students leaving home each year to study
abroad has grown at an annual rate of
3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5
million in 2004. Most travel from one
developed nation to another, but the flow
from developing to developed countries
is growing rapidly. The reverse flow,
from developed to developing countries,
is on the rise, too. Today foreign students
earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees

awarded in the United States and 38
percent of those in the United Kingdom.
And the number crossing borders for
undergraduate study is growing as well,
to 8 percent of the undergraduates at
America’s best institutions and 10
percent of all undergraduates in the U.K.
In the United States, 20 percent of the
newly hired professors in science and
engineering are foreign-born, and in
China many newly hired faculty
members at the top research universities
received their graduate education
abroad
D) Universities are also encouraging
students to spend some of their
undergraduate years in another country.
In Europe, more than 140,000 students
participate in the Erasmus program each
year, taking courses for credit in one of
2,200 participating institutions across the
continent. And in the United States,

institutions are helping place students in
summer internships (实习) abroad to
prepare them for global careers. Yale
and Harvard have led the way, offering
every undergraduate at least one
international study or internship
opportunity—and providing the
financial resources to make it possible.
E) Globalization is also reshaping the
way research is done. One new trend
involves sourcing portions of a research
program to another country. Yale
professor and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a
research center focused on the genetics of
human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan
University, in collaboration with faculty
colleagues from both schools. The
Shanghai center has 95 employees and
graduate students working in a
4,300-square-meter laboratory facility.
Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate

students visit regularly and attend
videoconference seminars with scientists
from both campuses. The arrangement
benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is
more productive, thanks to the lower
costs of conducting research in China,
and Chinese graduate students,
postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job
training from a world-class scientist and
his U.S. team.
F) As a result of its strength in science,
the United States has consistently led the
world in the commercialization of major
new technologies, from the mainframe
computer and the integrated circuit of
the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure
(基础设施) and applications software of
the 1990s. The link between
university-based science and industrial
application is often indirect but
sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley
was intentionally created by Stanford

University, and Route 128 outside Boston
has long housed companies spun off from
MIT and Harvard. Around the world,
governments have encouraged copying of
this model, perhaps most successfully in
Cambridge, England, where Microsoft
and scores of other leading software and
biotechnology companies have set up
shop around the university.
G) For all its success, the United States
remains deeply hesitant about sustaining
the research- university model. Most
politicians recognize the link between
investment in science and national
economic strength, but support for
research funding has been unsteady. The
budget of the National Institutes of
Health doubled between 1998 and 2003,
but has risen more slowly than inflation
since then. Support for the physical
sciences and engineering barely kept
pace with inflation during that same

period. The attempt to make up lost
ground is welcome, but the nation would
be better served by steady, predictable
increases in science funding at the rate of
long-term GDP growth, which is on the
order of inflation plus 3 percent per
year.
H) American politicians have great
difficulty recognizing that admitting
more foreign students can greatly
promote the national interest by
increasing international understanding.
Adjusted for inflation, public funding for
international exchanges and
foreign-language study is well below the
levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of
September 11, changes in the visa
process caused a dramatic decline in the
number of foreign students seeking
admission to U.S. universities, and a
corresponding surge in enrollments in
Australia, Singapore and the U.K.

Objections from American university
and business leaders led to
improvements in the process and a
reversal of the decline, but the United
States is still seen by many as
unwelcoming to international students.
I) Most Americans recognize that
universities contribute to the nation’s
well-being through their scientific
research, but many fear that foreign
students threaten American
competitiveness by taking their
knowledge and skills back home. They
fail to grasp that welcoming foreign
students to the United States has two
important positive effects: first, the very
best of them stay in the States and—like
immigrants throughout
history—strengthen the nation; and
second, foreign students who study in the
United States become ambassadors for
many of its most cherished (珍视) values

when they return home. Or at least they
understand them better. In America as
elsewhere, few instruments of foreign
policy are as effective in promoting peace
and stability as welcoming international
university students.
1. American universities prepare their
undergraduates for global careers by
giving them chances for international
study or internship.
2. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of
overseas students has increased at an
annual rate of 3.9 percent.
3. The enrollment of international
students will have a positive impact on
America rather than threaten its
competitiveness.
4. The way research is carried out in
universities has changed as a result of
globalization.
5. Of the newly hired professors in
science and engineering in the United

States, twenty percent come from foreign
countries.
6. The number of foreign students
applying to U.S. universities decreased
sharply after September 11 due to
changes in the visa process.
7. The U.S. federal funding for research
has been unsteady for years.
8. Around the world, governments
encourage the model of linking
university-based science and industrial
application.
9. Present-day universities have become
a powerful force for global integration.
10. When foreign students leave America,
they will bring American values back to
their home countries.
Passage Two
Into the unknown
A) Until the early 1900s nobody
thought much about the whole

populations getting older. UN had the
foresight to convene a “world
assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but
that came and went. By 1994 the World
Bank had noticed that something big
was happening. In a report entitled
“Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it
argued that pension arrangements in
most countries were unsustainable.
B) For the next ten years a succession
of books, mainly by Americans,
surrounded by the alarm. They had
titles like Young vs. Old, Gray Dawn
and The Coming Generational Storm,
and their message was blunt:

health-care systems were heading for
the rocks, pensioners were taking
young people to the cleaners, and soon
there would be intergenerational
warfare.
C) Since then the debate has become
less emotional, not least because a
lot more is known about the subject.
Books, conferences and research
papers have multiplied.
International organizations such as
the OECD and the EU issue regular
reports. Population ageing is on
every agenda, from G8 economic
conferences to NATO summits. The

World Economic Forum plans to
consider the future of pensions and
health care at its prestigious Davos
conference early next year. The media,
including the newspaper, are giving
the subject extensive coverage.
D) Whether all that attention has
translated into sufficient action is
another question. Governments in rich
countries now accept that their
pension and health-care promises will
soon become unaffordable, and many of
them have embarked on reforms, but so
far only timidly. That is not
surprising: politicians with an eye

on the next election will hardly rush
to introduce unpopular measures that
may not bear fruit for years, perhaps
decades.
E) The outline of the changes needed
is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政的)
meltdown, public pensions and
health-care provision will have to be
reined back severely and taxes may
have to go up. By far the most
effective method to restrain pension
spending is to give people the
opportunity to work longer, because
it increases tax revenues and reduces
spending on pensions at the same time.

It may even keep them alive longer.
John Rother, the AARP’s head of
policy and strategy, points to
studies showing that other things
being equal, people who remain at work
have lower death rates than their
retired peers.
F) Younger people today mostly accept
that they will have to work for longer
and that their pensions will be less
generous. Employers still need to be
persuaded that older workers are
worth holding on to. That may be
because they have had plenty of
younger ones to choose from, partly

thanks to the post-war baby-boom and
partly because over the past few
decades many more women have entered
the labor force, increasing
employers’ choice. But the reservoir
of women able and willing to take up
paid work is running low, and the
baby- boomers are going grey.
G) In many countries immigrants have
been filling such gaps in the labor
force as have already emerged (and
remember that the real shortage is
still around ten years off).
Immigration in the developed world is
the highest it has ever been, and it

is making a useful difference. In
still-fertile America it currently
accounts for about 40% of total
population growth, and in fast-ageing
Western Europe for about 90%.
H) On the face of it, it seems the
perfect solution. Many developing
countries have lots of young people in
the need of jobs, many rich countries
need helping hands that will boost tax
revenues and keep up economic growth.
But over the next few decades labor
forces in rich countries are set to
shrink so much that inflows of
immigrants would have to increase

enormously to compensate: to at least
twice their current size in western
Europe’s most youthful countries,
and three times in the older ones.
Japan would need a large multiple of
the few immigrants it has at present.
Public opinion polls show that people
in most rich countries already think
that immigration is too high. Further
big increases would be politically
unfeasible.
I) To tackle the problem of ageing
populations at its root, “old”
countries would have to rejuvenate
(使年轻) themselves by having more of

their own children. A number of them
have tried, some more successfully
than others. But it is not a simple
matter of offering financial
incentives or providing more child
care. Modern urban life in rich
countries is not well adapted to large
families. Women find it hard to
combine family and career. They often
compromise by having just one child.
J) And if fertility in ageing
countries does not pick up? It will
not be the end of the world, at least
not for quite a while yet, but the
world will become a different place.

Older societies
and
may
more
be less
innovative strongly
disinclined to take risks than
younger ones. By 2025 at the latest,
about half the voters in America and
most of those in western European
countries will be over 50—and older
people turn out to vote in much
greater numbers than younger ones.
Academic studies have found no
evidence so far that older voters have
used their power at the ballot box to
push for policies that specifically
benefit them, though if in future
there are many more of them they might

start doing so.
K) Nor is there any sign of the
intergenerational warfare predicted
in the 1990s. After all, older people
themselves mostly have families. In a
recent study of parents and grown-up
children in 11 European countries,
Karsten Hank of Mannheim University
found that 85% of them lived within
25km of each other and the majority of
them were in touch at least once a
week.
L) Even so, the shift in the centre of
gravity to older age groups is bound
to have a profound effect on societies,

not just economically and politically
but in all sorts of other ways too.
Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of
America’s CSIS, in a thoughtful book
called The Graying of the Great Powers,
argue that, among other things, the
ageing of the developed countries
will have a number of serious security
implications.
M) For example, the shortage of young
adults is likely to make countries
more reluctant to commit the few they
have to military service. In the
decades to 2050, America will find
itself playing an ever-increasing

role in the developed world’s
defense effort. Because America’s
population will still be growing when
that of most other developed
countries is shrinking, America will
be the only developed country that
still matters geopolitically (地缘政
治上).
N) There is little that can be done to
stop population ageing, so the world
will have to live with it. But some of
the consequences can be alleviated.
Many experts now believe that given
the right policies, the effects,
though grave, need not be

catastrophic. Most countries have
recognized the need to do something
and beginning to act.
O) But even then there is no guarantee
that their efforts will work. What is
happening now is historically
unprecedented. The director of
Economics and Demography of Ageing at
the University of California,
Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly:
“We don’t really know what
population ageing will be like,
because nobody has done it yet.”
1. Employers should realize it is
important to keep older workers in the

workforce.
2. A recent study found that most old
people in some European countries had
regular weekly contact with their
adult children.
3. Few governments in rich countries
have launched bold reforms to tackle
the problem of population ageing.
4. In a report published some 20 years
ago, the sustainability of old-age
pension systems in most countries was
called into doubt.
5. Countries that have a shortage of
young adults will be less willing to
send them to war.

-child families are more common
in ageing societies due to the stress
of urban life and the difficulties of
balancing families and cancer.
7. A series of books, mostly authored
by Americans, warned of conflicts
between the older and younger
generations.
8. Compared with younger ones, older
societies tend to be less innovative
and take fewer risks.
9. The best solution to the pension
crisis is to postpone the retirement
age.
10. Immigration as a means to boost

the shrinking labour force may meet
with resistance in some rich
countries.