(完整word版)大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

配，最好做个记号，以便第二次
阅读时更有针对性。第二次阅读的
目的：一是检 查已初步确定的段落与
单句是否确实匹配；二是完成第一遍
阅读中尚未解答的题目。
6. 注意时间的合理使用，不要为确
定某个细节问题而浪费大量的时
间。
【关键词的类型】
1. 人名、地名和专有名词
2. 一些拼写较长的词，比如：
internship，competitiveness，
globalization，i ntegration，
sustainability，innovative，

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immigration等。这些词属于低频词，
一般不会大篇幅 地出现。利用这些词
可以高效地查找匹配段落。另外，这
些词有时会作为生词在文中标注出来，像internship，在原文中用斜体
印刷，并以括号备注中文。我们选它
做关键 词，瞬间就能找到原文出处
了。
2. 数字，包括年代、百分比、特
殊事件等。如四级样卷中的：
mid-1970s, 3.9 percent，20 percent，
September 11等。教研君利用这些数
字进行定位，测得的准确率是100%
哦!

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3. 以连字符连接的特殊词汇。
如：university- based，one-child。这
些词是由两个(或三个)单词连接的新
词，一般当成形容 词使用。三个单词
的例子如：hard-to-grasp难以理解
的。这些词也属于低频词， 一般不会
大篇幅出现。需要注意的是有时候我
们需要将这些词拆开来定位，如
one- child在原文中是没有的，原文是
这样的“They often compromise by
having just one child. ”这里的one
child就不是整体作为形容词使用了。
4. 研究、报告、书籍型词汇，如：
report，study，books等。一般来说

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研究、报告等内容都是易考点，这些
信息经常出现在特定的段落里 ，所以
根据这些词汇作为关键词也很容易
定位。
5. 最高级，如best，worst，most
等。如六级第54题，关键词之一为
the best solution。然而仅凭此关键词
我们可能无法迅速地找到答案，因为
原文的表述是the most effective
method，用的词汇是完全不一样的。
这时，我们还需要 增加一个关键词
pension，帮助我们定位。这就提醒我
们在平常的阅读中应多关注最高级
出现的地方，因为它常常是考点。

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6. 具有特殊 意义的指示性词汇。这类
词汇虽然不是通常意义上的定位关
键词，但其特殊含义可将考生的注意
力指向原文的开头、结尾或是某个具
有特殊特征的段落。
这些词通常包括如下三类： ①能够
指示开头段的词汇(如overview、
introduction、initiat ion、main idea、
definition等)；②能够指示结尾段的
词(如ove rview、future、 solution、
conclusion、suggestion、s ummary等)；
③能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊
词汇(如rate、ratio、pro portion、
percentage等词往往对应含“%”的段

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落；number、figure、statistical
demogra phics等词往往对应数字集
中的段落；financial、income、
revenu e、salary等词往往对应含诸如
“$$”“￥”等货币符号的段落)。考生能
够通过这些指 示性词汇缩小回原文
定位的范围，从而快速判定












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表1—四级样卷长篇阅读





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表2—六级样卷长篇阅读

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Passage One
Universities Branch Out
A) As never before in their long
history, universities have become
instruments of national competition
as well as instruments of peace. They
are the place of the scientific
discoveries that move economies
forward, and the primary means of
educating the talent required to
obtain and maintain competitive

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advantage. But at the same time, the
opening of national borders to the
flow of goods, services, information
and especially people has made
universities a powerful force for
global integration, mutual
understanding and geopolitical
stability.
B) In response to the same forces
that have driven the world economy,
universities have become more
self-consciously global: seeking
students from around the world who
represent the entire range of cultures
and values, sending their own
students abroad to prepare them for
global careers, offering courses of
study that address the challenges of
an interconnected world and
collaborative (合作的) research
programs to advance science for the

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benefit of all humanity.
C) Of the forces shaping higher
education none is more sweeping
than the movement across borders.
Over the past three decades the
number of students leaving home
each year to study abroad has grown
at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from
800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.
Most travel from one developed
nation to another, but the flow from
developing to developed countries is
growing rapidly. The reverse flow,
from developed to developing
countries, is on the rise, too. Today
foreign students earn 30 percent of
the doctoral degrees awarded in the
United States and 38 percent of those
in the United Kingdom. And the
number crossing borders for
undergraduate study is growing as
well, to 8 percent of the

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undergraduates at America’s best
institutions and 10 percent of all
undergraduates in the U.K. In the
United States, 20 percent of the
newly hired professors in science and
engineering are foreign-born, and in
China many newly hired faculty
members at the top research
universities received their graduate
education abroad
D) Universities are also encouraging
students to spend some of their
undergraduate years in another
country. In Europe, more than
140,000 students participate in the
Erasmus program each year, taking
courses for credit in one of 2,200
participating institutions across the
continent. And in the United States,
institutions are helping place
students in summer internships (实习)

19

abroad to prepare them for global
careers. Yale and Harvard have led
the way, offering every
undergraduate at least one
international study or internship
opportunity—and providing the
financial resources to make it
possible.
E) Globalization is also reshaping the
way research is done. One new trend
involves sourcing portions of a
research program to another country.
Yale professor and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute investigator Tian
Xu directs a research center focused
on the genetics of human disease at
Shanghai’s Fudan University, in
collaboration with faculty colleagues
from both schools. The Shanghai
center has 95 employees and
graduate students working in a
4,300-square-meter laboratory

20

facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and
graduate students visit regularly and
attend videoconference seminars
with scientists from both campuses.
The arrangement benefits both
countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more
productive, thanks to the lower costs
of conducting research in China, and
Chinese graduate students,
postdoctors and faculty get
on-the-job training from a
world-class scientist and his U.S.
team.
F) As a result of its strength in
science, the United States has
consistently led the world in the
commercialization of major new
technologies, from the mainframe
computer and the integrated circuit
of the 1960s to the Internet
infrastructure (基础设施) and

21

applications software of the 1990s.
The link between university-based
science and industrial application is
often indirect but sometimes highly
visible: Silicon Valley was
intentionally created by Stanford
University, and Route 128 outside
Boston has long housed companies
spun off from MIT and Harvard.
Around the world, governments have
encouraged copying of this model,
perhaps most successfully in
Cambridge, England, where
Microsoft and scores of other leading
software and biotechnology
companies have set up shop around
the university.
G) For all its success, the United
States remains deeply hesitant about
sustaining the research-university
model. Most politicians recognize the
link between investment in science

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and national economic strength, but
support for research funding has
been unsteady. The budget of the
National Institutes of Health doubled
between 1998 and 2003, but has risen
more slowly than inflation since then.
Support for the physical sciences and
engineering barely kept pace with
inflation during that same period.
The attempt to make up lost ground
is welcome, but the nation would be
better served by steady, predictable
increases in science funding at the
rate of long-term GDP growth,
which is on the order of inflation
plus 3 percent per year.
H) American politicians have great
difficulty recognizing that admitting
more foreign students can greatly
promote the national interest by
increasing international
understanding. Adjusted for

23

inflation, public funding for
international exchanges and
foreign-language study is well below
the levels of 40 years ago. In the
wake of September 11, changes in the
visa process caused a dramatic
decline in the number of foreign
students seeking admission to U.S.
universities, and a corresponding
surge in enrollments in Australia,
Singapore and the U.K. Objections
from American university and
business leaders led to improvements
in the process and a reversal of the
decline, but the United States is still
seen by many as unwelcoming to
international students.
I) Most Americans recognize that
universities contribute to the nation’s
well-being through their scientific
research, but many fear that foreign
students threaten American

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competitiveness by taking their
knowledge and skills back home.
They fail to grasp that welcoming
foreign students to the United States
has two important positive effects:
first, the very best of them stay in the
States and—like immigrants
throughout history—strengthen the
nation; and second, foreign students
who study in the United States
become ambassadors for many of its
most cherished (珍视) values when
they return home. Or at least they
understand them better. In America
as elsewhere, few instruments of
foreign policy are as effective in
promoting peace and stability as
welcoming international university
students.



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1. American universities prepare
their undergraduates for global
careers by giving them chances for
international study or internship.
2. Since the mid-1970s, the
enrollment of overseas students has
increased at an annual rate of 3.9
percent.
3. The enrollment of international
students will have a positive impact
on America rather than threaten its
competitiveness.
4. The way research is carried out in
universities has changed as a result
of globalization.
5. Of the newly hired professors in
science and engineering in the United
States, twenty percent come from
foreign countries.
6. The number of foreign students
applying to U.S. universities
decreased sharply after September

26

11 due to changes in the visa process.
7. The U.S. federal funding for
research has been unsteady for
years.
8. Around the world, governments
encourage the model of linking
university-based science and
industrial application.
9. Present-day universities have
become a powerful force for global
integration.
10. When foreign students leave
America, they will bring American
values back to their home countries.


Passage Two
Into the unknown
A) Until the early 1900s nobody
thought much about the whole
populations getting older. UN had the
foresight to convene a “world

27

assembly on ageing” back in 1982,
but that came and went. By 1994 the
World Bank had noticed that
something big was happening. In a
report entitled “Averting the Old Age
Crisis”, it argued that pension
arrangements in most countries were
unsustainable.
B) For the next ten years a succession
of books, mainly by Americans,
surrounded by the alarm. They had
titles like Young vs. Old, Gray Dawn
and The Coming Generational Storm,
and their message was blunt:
health-care systems were heading for
the rocks, pensioners were taking
young people to the cleaners, and
soon there would be
intergenerational warfare.
C) Since then the debate has become
less emotional, not least because a lot
more is known about the subject.

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Books, conferences and research
papers have multiplied. International
organizations such as the OECD and
the EU issue regular reports.
Population ageing is on every agenda,
from G8 economic conferences to
NATO summits. The World
Economic Forum plans to consider
the future of pensions and health
care at its prestigious Davos
conference early next year. The
media, including the newspaper, are
giving the subject extensive coverage.
D) Whether all that attention has
translated into sufficient action is
another question. Governments in
rich countries now accept that their
pension and health-care promises
will soon become unaffordable, and
many of them have embarked on
reforms, but so far only timidly. That
is not surprising: politicians with an

29

eye on the next election will hardly
rush to introduce unpopular
measures that may not bear fruit for
years, perhaps decades.
E) The outline of the changes needed
is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政的)
meltdown, public pensions and
health-care provision will have to be
reined back severely and taxes may
have to go up. By far the most
effective method to restrain pension
spending is to give people the
opportunity to work longer, because
it increases tax revenues and reduces
spending on pensions at the same
time. It may even keep them alive
longer. John Rother, the AARP’s
head of policy and strategy, points to
studies showing that other things
being equal, people who remain at
work have lower death rates than

30

their retired peers.
F) Younger people today mostly
accept that they will have to work for
longer and that their pensions will be
less generous. Employers still need to
be persuaded that older workers are
worth holding on to. That may be
because they have had plenty of
younger ones to choose from, partly
thanks to the post-war baby-boom
and partly because over the past few
decades many more women have
entered the labor force, increasing
employers’ choice. But the reservoir
of women able and willing to take up
paid work is running low, and the
baby- boomers are going grey.
G) In many countries immigrants
have been filling such gaps in the
labor force as have already emerged
(and remember that the real shortage
is still around ten years off).

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Immigration in the developed world
is the highest it has ever been, and it
is making a useful difference. In
still-fertile America it currently
accounts for about 40% of total
population growth, and in
fast- ageing Western Europe for
about 90%.
H) On the face of it, it seems the
perfect solution. Many developing
countries have lots of young people
in the need of jobs, many rich
countries need helping hands that
will boost tax revenues and keep up
economic growth. But over the next
few decades labor forces in rich
countries are set to shrink so much
that inflows of immigrants would
have to increase enormously to
compensate: to at least twice their
current size in western Europe’s
most youthful countries, and three

32

times in the older ones. Japan would
need a large multiple of the few
immigrants it has at present. Public
opinion polls show that people in
most rich countries already think
that immigration is too high. Further
big increases would be politically
unfeasible.
I) To tackle the problem of ageing
populations at its root, “old”
countries would have to rejuvenate
(使年轻) themselves by having more
of their own children. A number of
them have tried, some more
successfully than others. But it is not
a simple matter of offering financial
incentives or providing more child
care. Modern urban life in rich
countries is not well adapted to large
families. Women find it hard to
combine family and career. They

33

often compromise by having just one
child.
J) And if fertility in ageing countries
does not pick up? It will not be the
end of the world, at least not for
quite a while yet, but the world will
become a different place. Older
societies may be less innovative and
more strongly disinclined to take
risks than younger ones. By 2025 at
the latest, about half the voters in
America and most of those in
western European countries will be
over 50—and older people turn out
to vote in much greater numbers
than younger ones. Academic studies
have found no evidence so far that
older voters have used their power at
the ballot box to push for policies
that specifically benefit them, though
if in future there are many more of
them they might start doing so.

34

K) Nor is there any sign of the
intergenerational warfare predicted
in the 1990s. After all, older people
themselves mostly have families. In a
recent study of parents and
grown-up children in 11 European
countries, Karsten Hank of
Mannheim University found that
85% of them lived within 25km of
each other and the majority of them
were in touch at least once a week.
L) Even so, the shift in the centre of
gravity to older age groups is bound
to have a profound effect on societies,
not just economically and politically
but in all sorts of other ways too.
Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of
America’s CSIS, in a thoughtful
book called The Graying of the Great
Powers, argue that, among other
things, the ageing of the developed
countries will have a number of

35

serious security implications.
M) For example, the shortage of
young adults is likely to make
countries more reluctant to commit
the few they have to military service.
In the decades to 2050, America will
find itself playing an ever- increasing
role in the developed world’s defense
effort. Because America’s population
will still be growing when that of
most other developed countries is
shrinking, America will be the only
developed country that still matters
geopolitically (地缘政治上).
N) There is little that can be done to
stop population ageing, so the world
will have to live with it. But some of
the consequences can be alleviated.
Many experts now believe that given
the right policies, the effects, though
grave, need not be catastrophic. Most

36

countries have recognized the need to
do something and beginning to act.
O) But even then there is no
guarantee that their efforts will work.
What is happening now is
historically unprecedented. The
director of Economics and
Demography of Ageing at the
University of California, Berkeley,
puts it briefly and clearly: “We don’t
really know what population ageing
will be like, because nobody has done
it yet.”

1. Employers should realize it is
important to keep older workers in
the workforce.
2. A recent study found that most old
people in some European countries
had regular weekly contact with their
adult children.
3. Few governments in rich countries

37

have launched bold reforms to tackle
the problem of population ageing.
4. In a report published some 20
years ago, the sustainability of
old-age pension systems in most
countries was called into doubt.
5. Countries that have a shortage of
young adults will be less willing to
send them to war.
-child families are more
common in ageing societies due to
the stress of urban life and the
difficulties of balancing families and
cancer.
7. A series of books, mostly authored
by Americans, warned of conflicts
between the older and younger
generations.
8. Compared with younger ones,
older societies tend to be less
innovative and take fewer risks.
9. The best solution to the pension

38

crisis is to postpone the retirement
age.
10. Immigration as a means to boost
the shrinking labour force may meet
with resistance
countries.



in some rich
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