大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧备课讲稿

大学英语四级段落信
息匹配题技巧

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英语四、六级段落信息匹配题
一、英语四级段落信息匹配题是什么？
长篇阅读理解篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句 所含的信息出自篇章
的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应
两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。四级考试需要各位同学做的是，大家需
要去看十个左右的段落， 然后去匹配十个信息点。但是到六级当中，我们的难
度就要增加了，我们见到的情况是六级当中变成了1 5个段落，去匹配十个信息
点。但总体来看，不管题型怎么变，其实学习方法没变，还是仍旧需要大家提
高阅读的能力，比如说读文章的时候，是不是直接拿英语读，如果读快速阅读
的时候，还是拿中 文边翻译边读的话，会发现阅读速度一直会比较慢，所以那
么长的文章很难找到细节，所以大家一定要养 成拿英语直接阅读的这样一种习
惯，这样才能保证我们的阅读速度又快又准。
二、信息匹配题难点分析
1. 考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵
循的“顺序原则”解题 。由于这一
题型要求考生把细节信息与其所在
的段落进行匹配，因此细节信息的
排列绝 对是“乱序的”，这就意味
着考生从文章开头到结尾按顺序定
位的方法是行不通的。
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2. 题干信 息复杂，考生难以迅速抓
住要领。题干中的细节信息通常是
极复杂和繁琐的名词短语或长难句，考生往往在寻找到合适的定位
词之前，就已经被题干信息的复杂
表述弄得晕头转向了。
3. 考生难以寻找到合适的定位词。
即使考生能够读懂题干中晦涩难懂
的细节信息， 但也会在寻找定位词
时遇到很大障碍。因为题干提供的
细节信息中往往不会出现非常明显
的定位词(如数字、时间、地点、人
物、特殊字体和特殊符号等)。即使
考生能够找到一个定 位词，这一定
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位词也通常和文章主题密切相关，
会在文章中多次出现，因而也没有
太大的意义。
三、匹配题出题特点及应试技巧
匹配类题型有很多种，常见的种类
有：1）人名- 观点匹配；2）.地名-
描述匹配；3）句子- 句子匹配；4）
分类题(Classification)；5）段落
-标题匹配；6段落-细 节匹配。其中
前四种做题方法比较类似，而后两
种相对较复杂。这里将阐述前四种
题型 的做题方法。
1. 扭转做题思维
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先要扭转做题思维，不是找到句
子答案所在，而是判断这句 话在哪
一段会出现。所以我们首要明确，
考官出这个题是要考察我们什么阅
读能力，我 认为不是细节阅读能
力，而是对文章框架思路的把握能
力。
2．预览题干，明确关键词
该题型的解题基本思路是：先快
速地将题干读一下，划 出关键词;然
后采用skimming和scanning的方
式通读原文，匹配信息。
3．快速掌握文章脉络
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通过阅读中心句快速掌握文章脉
络。中心句一般出现在首位句，转
折词如but 或者因果关系联接词如
as a result 引领的第二句，或者
问句后面的答句。一般 建议在找到
中心句后，读一下末句，可以更精
确地掌控段意。若无特别明显的中
心句， 首尾句的阅读也有助于理解
段意。阅读过程当中，有的信息点
明确可直接先去选出答案。这里我
们也要明确要多看英文，掌握英文
的行文思路。一般而言剑桥里的文
章组织有三大类。 一是按时间，如
货物运输，这是最简单的。 二是按
观点—原因—发展—瓶颈—措施—
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目标的布局来分析一件事物。三是
偏科普的 夹杂很多不同派别的理
论，这个相对而言比较难。
4. 注意字句的形式变化。
在 长篇阅读中寻找相关信息的难度
很大程度上取决于考生对字句形式
变化的辨识能力。需要注意三 种变化
形式：1）题干只对原文中个别单词
或词组进行同义改写或转述；2）题
干对原 文中整句话进行同义改写或转
述；3）题干对原文中几句话或整段
内容进行综合概括或推断。这 就对
考生的单词量、对某一单词多重释
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义的了解以及对句意的概括或推断
能力提出了新要求。
5. 注意标记。
在首次阅读的过程中如果不能确
定某些单句是否与该段落相匹配，
最好做个记号，以便第二次阅读
时更有针对性。第二次阅读的目
的：一是检查已初步确 定的段落与
单句是否确实匹配；二是完成第一
遍阅读中尚未解答的题目。
6. 注意时间的合理使用，不要为确
定某个细节问题而浪费大量的时
间。
【关键词的类型】
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1. 人名、地名和专有名词
2. 一些拼写较长的词， 比如：
internship，competitiveness，
globalizatio n，integration，
sustainability，innovative，
im migration等。这些词属于低频
词，一般不会大篇幅地出现。利用
这些词可以高效地查 找匹配段落。
另外，这些词有时会作为生词在文
中标注出来，像internship，在原< br>文中用斜体印刷，并以括号备注中
文。我们选它做关键词，瞬间就能
找到原文出处了。
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2. 数字，包括年代、百分比、
特殊事件等。如四级样卷中的：
mid-1970s, 3.9 percent，20
percent，September 11等。教研君
利用这些数字进行定位，测得的准
确率是100%哦!
3. 以连字符连接的特殊词汇。
如：university-based，one-
child。这 些词是由两个(或三个)单
词连接的新词，一般当成形容词使
用。三个单词的例子如：hard -to-
grasp难以理解的。这些词也属于低
频词，一般不会大篇幅出现。需要
注 意的是有时候我们需要将这些词
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拆开来定位，如one- child在原文
中是没有的，原文是这样的“They
often compromise by having just
one child. ”这里的one child就
不是整体作为形容词使用了。
4. 研究、报告、书籍型词汇，
如 ：report，study，books等。一
般来说研究、报告等内容都是易考
点，这些信 息经常出现在特定的段
落里，所以根据这些词汇作为关键
词也很容易定位。
5. 最高级，如best，worst，
most等。如六级第54题，关键词之
一为the best solution。然而仅凭
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此关键词我们可能无法迅速地找到
答案，因为原文的表述是the most
effective method，用的词汇是完
全不一样的。这时，我们还需要增
加一个关键词pension，帮助我们定
位。这就提醒我们在平常的阅读中
应多关注最高级出 现的地方，因为
它常常是考点。
6. 具有特殊意义的指示性词汇。这
类词汇虽然不 是通常意义上的定位
关键词，但其特殊含义可将考生的
注意力指向原文的开头、结尾或是
某个具有特殊特征的段落。
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这些词通常包括如下三类：①能
够指示开头段的词汇(如o verview、
introduction、initiation、main
idea、 definition等)；②能够指示
结尾段的词(如overview、future、
solution、conclusion、
suggestion、summary等)；③能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词汇(如
rate、ratio、proportion、
pe rcentage等词往往对应含“%”的
段落；number、figure、
statis tical demographics等词往
往对应数字集中的段落；
financial、 income、revenue、
salary等词往往对应含诸如
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“$$”“￥”等货币符号的段落)。
考生 能够通过这些指示性词汇缩小
回原文定位的范围，从而快速判定











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表1—四级样卷长篇阅读

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表2—六级样卷长篇阅读

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Passage One
Universities Branch Out
A) As never before in their
long history, universities have
become instruments of national
competition as well as
instruments of peace. They are
the place of the scientific
discoveries that move economies
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forward, and the primary means
of educating the talent
required to obtain and maintain
competitive advantage. But at
the same time, the opening of
national borders to the flow of
goods, services, information
and especially people has made
universities a powerful force
for global integration, mutual
understanding and geopolitical
stability.
B) In response to the same
forces that have driven the
world economy, universities
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have become more self-
seeking consciously global:
students from around the world
who represent the entire range
of cultures and values, sending
their own students abroad to
prepare them for global careers,
offering courses of study that
address the challenges of an
interconnected world and
collaborative
(合作的) research
programs to advance science for
the benefit of all humanity.
C) Of the forces shaping higher
education none is more sweeping
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than the movement across
borders. Over the past three
decades the number of students
leaving home each year to study
abroad has grown at an annual
rate of 3.9 percent, from
800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million
in 2004. Most travel from one
developed nation to another,
but the flow from developing to
developed countries is growing
rapidly. The reverse flow, from
developed to developing
countries, is on the rise, too.
Today foreign students earn 30
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percent of the doctoral degrees
awarded in the United States
and 38 percent of those in the
United Kingdom. And the number
crossing borders for
undergraduate study is growing
as well, to 8 percent of the
undergraduates at America’s
best institutions and 10
percent of all undergraduates
in the U.K. In the United
States, 20 percent of the newly
hired professors in science and
engineering are foreign-born,
and in China many newly hired
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faculty members at the top
research universities received
their graduate education abroad
D) Universities are also
encouraging students to spend
some of their undergraduate
years in another country. In
Europe, more than 140,000
students participate in the
Erasmus program each year,
taking courses for credit in
one of 2,200 participating
institutions across the
continent. And in the United
States, institutions
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helping place students in
summer
internships
(实习)
abroad to prepare them for
global careers. Yale and
Harvard have led the way,
offering every undergraduate at
least one international study
or internship opportunity—and
providing the financial
resources to make it possible.
E) Globalization is also
reshaping the way research is
done. One new trend involves
sourcing portions of a research
program to another country.
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Yale
Hughes
professor
Medical
and Howard
Institute
investigator Tian Xu directs a
research center focused on the
genetics of human disease at
Shanghai’s Fudan University,
in collaboration with faculty
colleagues from both schools.
The Shanghai center has 95
employees and graduate students
working in a 4,300-square-meter
laboratory
faculty,
graduate
regularly
facility.
postdoctors
students
and
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and
visit
attend

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videoconference seminars with
scientists from both campuses.
The arrangement benefits both
countries; Xu’s Yale lab is
more productive, thanks to the
lower costs of conducting
research in China, and Chinese
graduate students, postdoctors
and faculty get on-the-job
training from a world-class
scientist and his U.S. team.
F) As a result of its strength
in science, the United States
has consistently led the world
in the commercialization of
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major new technologies, from
the mainframe computer and the
integrated circuit of the 1960s
to the Internet
infrastructure
(基础设施) and applications
software of the 1990s. The link
between
science
university-based
and industrial
application is often indirect
but sometimes highly visible:
Silicon
intentionally
Valley
created
was
by
Stanford University, and Route
128 outside Boston has long
housed companies spun off from
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MIT and Harvard. Around the
world, governments have
encouraged copying of this
model,
successfully
perhaps
in
most
Cambridge,
England, where Microsoft and
scores
software
of other leading
and biotechnology
companies have set up shop
around the university.
G) For all its success, the
United States remains deeply
hesitant about sustaining the
research-university model. Most
politicians recognize the link
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between investment in science
and national economic strength,
but support for research
funding has been unsteady. The
budget of the National
Institutes of Health doubled
between 1998 and 2003, but has
risen more slowly than
inflation since then. Support
for the physical sciences and
engineering barely kept pace
with inflation during that same
period. The attempt to make up
lost ground is welcome, but the
nation would be better served
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by steady, predictable
increases in science funding at
the rate of long-term GDP
growth, which is on the order
of inflation plus 3 percent per
year.
H) American politicians have
great difficulty recognizing
that admitting more foreign
students can greatly promote
the national interest by
increasing
understanding.
international
Adjusted for
inflation, public funding for
international exchanges and
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foreign-language study is well
below the levels of 40 years
ago. In the wake of September
11, changes in the visa process
caused a dramatic decline in
the number of foreign students
seeking admission to
and
surge
in
and
from
U.S.
a
in
universities,
corresponding
enrollments
Singapore
Objections
Australia,
the U.K.
American
university and business leaders
led to improvements in the
process and a reversal of the
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decline, but the United States
is still seen by many as
unwelcoming to international
students.
I) Most Americans recognize
that universities contribute to
the nation’s
their
well-being
scientific through
research, but many fear that
foreign
American
students threaten
by competitiveness
taking their knowledge and
skills back home. They fail to
grasp that welcoming foreign
students to the United States
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has two important positive
effects: first, the very best
of them stay in the States
and—like immigrants throughout
history—strengthen the nation;
and second, foreign students
who study in the United States
become ambassadors for many of
its most
cherished
(珍视)
values when they return home.
Or at least they understand
them better. In America as
elsewhere, few instruments of
foreign policy are as effective
in promoting peace and
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stability
international
students.


as welcoming
university
1. American universities
prepare their undergraduates
for global careers by giving
them chances for international
study or internship.
2. Since the mid-1970s, the
enrollment of overseas students
has increased at an annual rate
of 3.9 percent.
3. The enrollment of
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international students will
have a positive impact on
America rather than threaten
its competitiveness.
4. The way research is carried
out in universities has changed
as a result of globalization.
5. Of the newly hired
professors in science and
engineering in the United
States, twenty percent come
from foreign countries.
6. The number of foreign
students applying to U.S.
universities decreased sharply
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after September 11 due to
changes in the visa process.
7. The U.S. federal funding for
research has been unsteady for
years.
8. Around the world,
governments encourage the model
of linking university-based
science and industrial
application.
9. Present-day universities
have become a powerful force
for global integration.
10. When foreign students leave
America, they will bring
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American values back to their
home countries.


Passage Two
Into the unknown
A) Until the early 1900s nobody
thought much about the whole
populations getting older. UN
had the foresight to convene a
“world assembly on ageing”
back in 1982, but that came and
went. By 1994 the World Bank
had noticed that something big
was happening. In a report
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entitled “Averting the Old Age
Crisis”, it argued that
pension arrangements in most
countries were unsustainable.
B) For the next ten years a
succession of books, mainly by
Americans, surrounded by the
alarm. They had titles like
Young vs. Old, Gray Dawn and
The Coming Generational Storm,
and their message was blunt:
health-care systems were
heading for the rocks,
pensioners were taking young
people to the cleaners, and
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soon there would be
intergenerational warfare.
C) Since then the debate has
become less emotional, not
least because a lot more is
known about the subject. Books,
conferences and research papers
have multiplied. International
organizations such as the OECD
and the EU issue regular
reports. Population ageing is
on every agenda, from G8
economic conferences to NATO
summits. The World Economic
Forum plans to consider the
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future of pensions and health
care at its prestigious Davos
conference early next year. The
media, including the newspaper,
are giving the subject
extensive coverage.
D) Whether all that attention
has translated into sufficient
action is another question.
Governments in rich countries
now accept that their pension
and health-care promises will
soon become unaffordable, and
many of them have embarked on
reforms, but so far only
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timidly. That is not surprising:
politicians with an eye on the
next election will hardly rush
to introduce unpopular measures
that may not bear fruit for
years, perhaps decades.
E) The outline of the changes
needed is clear. To avoid
fiscal (财政的) meltdown,
public pensions and health-care
provision will have to be
reined back severely and taxes
may have to go up. By far the
most effective method to
restrain pension spending is to
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give people the opportunity to
work longer, because it
increases tax revenues and
reduces spending on pensions at
the same time. It may even keep
them alive longer. John Rother,
the AARP’s head of policy and
strategy, points to studies
showing that other things being
equal, people who remain at
work have lower death rates
than their retired peers.
F) Younger people today mostly
accept that they will have to
work for longer and that their
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pensions will be less generous.
Employers still need to be
persuaded that older workers
are worth holding on to. That
may be because they have had
plenty of younger ones to
choose from, partly thanks to
the post-war baby-boom and
partly because over the past
few decades many more women
have entered the labor force,
increasing employers’ choice.
But the reservoir of women able
and willing to take up paid
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work is running low, and the
baby-boomers are going grey.
G) In many countries immigrants
have been filling such gaps in
the labor force as have already
emerged (and remember that the
real shortage is still around
ten years off). Immigration in
the developed world is the
highest it has ever been, and
it is making a useful
difference. In still-fertile
America it currently accounts
for about 40% of total
population growth, and in fast-
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ageing Western Europe for about
90%.
H) On the face of it, it seems
the perfect solution. Many
developing countries have lots
of young people in the need of
jobs, many rich countries need
helping hands that will boost
tax revenues and keep up
economic growth. But over the
next few decades labor forces
in rich countries are set to
shrink so much that inflows of
immigrants would have to
increase enormously to
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compensate: to at least twice
their current size in western
Europe’s most youthful
countries, and three times in
the older ones. Japan would
need a large multiple of the
few immigrants it has at
present. Public opinion polls
show that people in most rich
countries already think that
immigration is too high.
Further big increases would be
politically unfeasible.
I) To tackle the problem of
ageing populations at its root,
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“old” countries would have to
rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves
by having more of their own
children. A number of them have
tried, some more successfully
than others. But it is not a
simple matter of offering
financial incentives or
providing more child care.
Modern urban life in rich
countries is not well adapted
to large families. Women find
it hard to combine family and
career. They often compromise
by having just one child.
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J) And if fertility in ageing
countries does not pick up? It
will not be the end of the
world, at least not for quite a
while yet, but the world will
become a different place. Older
societies may be less
innovative and more strongly
disinclined to take risks than
younger ones. By 2025 at the
latest, about half the voters
in America and most of those in
western European countries will
be over 50—and older people
turn out to vote in much
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greater numbers than younger
ones. Academic studies have
found no evidence so far that
older voters have used their
power at the ballot box to push
for policies that specifically
benefit them, though if in
future there are many more of
them they might start doing so.
K) Nor is there any sign of the
intergenerational warfare
predicted in the 1990s. After
all, older people themselves
mostly have families. In a
recent study of parents and
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grown- up children in 11
European countries, Karsten
Hank of Mannheim University
found that 85% of them lived
within 25km of each other and
the majority of them were in
touch at least once a week.
L) Even so, the shift in the
centre of gravity to older age
groups is bound to have a
profound effect on societies,
not just economically and
politically but in all sorts of
other ways too. Richard Jackson
and Neil Howe of America’s
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CSIS, in a thoughtful book
called The Graying of the Great
Powers, argue that, among other
things, the ageing of the
developed countries will have a
number of serious security
implications.
M) For example, the shortage of
young adults is likely to make
countries more reluctant to
commit the few they have to
military service. In the
decades to 2050, America will
find itself playing an ever-
increasing role in the
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developed world’s defense
effort. Because America’s
population will still be
growing when that of most other
developed countries is
shrinking, America will be the
only developed country that
still matters geopolitically
(地缘政治上).
N) There is little that can be
done to stop population ageing,
so the world will have to live
with it. But some of the
consequences can be alleviated.
Many experts now believe that
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given the right policies, the
effects, though grave, need not
be catastrophic. Most countries
have recognized the need to do
something and beginning to act.
O) But even then there is no
guarantee that their efforts
will work. What is happening
now is historically
unprecedented. The director of
Economics and Demography of
Ageing at the University of
California, Berkeley, puts it
briefly and clearly: “We
don’t really know what
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population ageing will be like,
because nobody has done it
yet.”

1. Employers should realize it
is important to keep older
workers in the workforce.
2. A recent study found that
most old people in some
European countries had regular
weekly contact with their adult
children.
3. Few governments in rich
countries have launched bold
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reforms to tackle the problem
of population ageing.
4. In a report published some
20 years ago, the
sustainability of old-age
pension systems in most
countries was called into doubt.
5. Countries that have a
shortage of young adults will
be less willing to send them to
war.
-child families are more
common in ageing societies due
to the stress of urban life and
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the difficulties of balancing
families and cancer.
7. A series of books, mostly
authored by Americans, warned
of conflicts between the older
and younger generations.
8. Compared with younger ones,
older societies tend to be
less innovative and take fewer
risks.
9. The best solution to the
pension crisis is to postpone
the retirement age.
10. Immigration as a means to
boost the shrinking labour
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force may meet with resistance
in some rich countries.


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