大学英语四级考试写作知识与技巧讲课教案

大学英语四级考试写作知识与技巧
(一) 英文议论文的结构特点
汉语 写作对文章结构的要求不是很高，如开头段应该包括什么、论题句应该在什么时候出现、文章的结
尾是否 必须总结全文等等。而英语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，
开头、 中间和结尾都有严格的要求。
简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、 观点鲜明的开头；2、 紧扣主题的结尾；
3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。
这三点当中，第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知，因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样也是汉语< br>文章的要求。英语议论文写作当中，直接的后果就是中心分散、观点不明确，加上中国学生普遍英文表达能力不强，这些因素就为整篇文章的失败埋下了隐患。
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的 主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段
落的中间或者最后，在英文应试写作中更加如 此。正因为没有“主题句”的思想，所以中国学生在写英
语文章时经常“想到什么，就写什么”，这在英 语议论文中是不能接受的。例文1中每一段的首句都简
要地概括出了该段的主要内容，换句话说，每段的 内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。 (关
于段落的衔接，在后面的内容中将详细介绍。)
(二) 中心统一
在中心统一这个问题上，英语议论文和汉语议论文的概念也有所不同 。中国人在写议论文时常常遵
循“中庸”的原则，其具体的表现就是认为世界上没有任何事情是绝对的。 当他们在文章中表扬一件事
物或一种现象的时候，总要指出其不足；同样，在批评一件事物或一种现象的 同时，也总不忘记指出其
也有合理之处。这种做法从道理上来讲并没有什么不妥，但却不符合英语议论文 的写作习惯，因为英语
作家在写议论文时关注的是自己的辩论技巧和其结果对公众的影响力。换句话说， 如果作者告诉大家两
面都有道理也就等于说两面都没有道理，因为读者在读了文章之后仍旧不知道作者的 看法是什么，以及
自己在这种情况下到底该怎么做。
所以，既然四级考试考的是英语文章， 大家就应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则
旗帜鲜明地支持；表示反对就彻彻底底地反对 ，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。以上面的例文1
为例，如果作者的观点是“幸运数字是既有道理 又无道理的”，这种观点就无法让人接受，因为在英语
议论文中，这是典型的中心不统一。
英语写作十大功能句型
第一种功能句型——文章开头句型。
1、“如今，人们普遍认为...,但是我怀疑...。”
Nowadays，it is generallycommonly believed that..., but I wonder that...
2、“如同硬币的正反面，...也有积极的一面和消极的一面。”
Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to...
3、“近来，...的问题已经成为人们注目的焦点。”
Currently, the issue of ...has been brought to public attention.
4、“随着...的快速增长，...在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。”
Along with the rapid growth of ...,...has become increasingly important in our daily life.
5、“由汽车引起的空气和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。”
Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health.
第二种功能句型——文章结尾句型
1、“因此，不难得出结论...”
AccordinglyConsequentlyAs a result,it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that...
2、“综上所述，我们能得出如下结论...”

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that...
3、“这一难题，是任何人都不可能避免的。但只要处理得当，我们就会...”
The dilemma is something no one can avoid. Properly handled, however, we will...
4、“总之，全社会都应该密切关注...,只有这样我们才能...”All in all, the whole society should
pay close attention to the problem of .. Only in this way can we..
5、“考虑到所有的因素，我们意识到...”
Taking into account all of these factors, we have reached the realization that...

四六级作文可引用的36句谚语格言
ce makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。
and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。
7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。
ence is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。
work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。
without virtue is a rose without fragrance. 无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。
hasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。
's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。
14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。
before you leap. 三思而后行。
was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。
minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。
begun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。
is hard to please all. 众口难调。
of sight,out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。
speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。
things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。
news travels fast. 坏事传千里。
25.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
not to eat,but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。
speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。
or west,home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。
will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。
and like make good friends. 趣味相投。
older, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。
as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。
idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
the tree,so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜，to better live. 活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。

大学英语四级写作九类精彩句型
一、比较
advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that……
is reasonable to maintain that ……but it would be foolish to claim that……
all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
r, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ……, but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A …… , but the chief faults （obvious defects ）are ……
二、原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to （lead to ）（account for ） the phenomenon（problem）.
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that……
4. The factors that contribute to this situation include……
5. The change in ……largely results from the fact that……
6. We may blame ……,but the real causes are……
7. Part of the explanations for it is that ……
One of the most common factors （causes ） is that ……
Another contributing factor （cause ） is ……
Perhaps the primary factor is that …
But the fundamental cause is that ……
三、后果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is ……
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon……
4. Its consequence can be so great that……

四、批驳
1）It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2） There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3） Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4） Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5） A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6） It makes no sense to argue for ……
7） Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……

8） Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9） Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
五、举例
1） A good case in point is ……
2） As an illustration, we may take ……
3） Such examples might be given easily.
4） ……is often cited as an example.
六、证明
1） No one can deny the fact that ……
2） The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3） Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
4） Recent studies indicate that ……
5） There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
6） According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
七、开篇
1） Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2） Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3） Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4） Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5） Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6） Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7） Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8） According to a recent survey, ……
9） With the rapid development of ……, ……
八、结尾
1） From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2） It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3） It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
4） In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
5） There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
6） To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
7） In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop
up.
8） With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
9） We might do more than identify the cause it is important to take actions to ……
10） Taking all these into account, we ……
11） Whether it is good or not positive or negative, one thing is certainclear……
九、
1）With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up
2）When it comes to……，some people think ／believe……that……，others argue ／claim that
opposite ／reverse is is probably……some truth in both arguments／statements，
but……当说到……，有些人认为… …，但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理，
但……。