日语床上用语-teamwork什么意思
英语四级必考常用词汇
确定空白处词性
以下情况，空白处为动词：
1 . vt. .
前有名后有名，中间谓动
2 . vi.
前名后无名，谓动不及物
3 . vi. .
前名后介副，谓动不及物
4 . link adj.
前名后形容，
be 动或系动
5 to v.
前有 to ，后原型
注意：确定空白处为动词，还需根据上下文确定正确形式
以下情况，空白处为分词：
过去分词：
1hashavehad (
完成时态 )
2be
( 被动语态 )
n. 或 n. (
过去分词做形容词，表示被动或已发生
)
现在分词：
1be
-ing(
进行时态 )
2-ing n.
或(
现在分词做形容词，表示主动或正在进行
)
3prep.
–ing( 介词宾语
)
以下情况，空白处为名词：
( 名词通常做主语或动词介词宾语 )
1athe n.
前有冠词
2n. V.
空白后为谓语动词
3prep. n.
空白前为介词，则空白处为名词或动名词
(
注意：根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数
根据空白处后
的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数 )
以下情况，空白处为形容词：
1adj. n. n. adj.
空白前后是名词
2adv.
adj.
空白前是副词
3link adj. be
动或系动后考虑形容词做表语
以下情况，空白处为副词：
1adv.
v.
或 v. adv.
副词修饰动词，表示程度状态
2adv. adj.
副词可修饰形容词
3adv.
从句，有些副词做句子的状语，表示转折因果等逻辑关系
确定考点需要积极意义还是消极意义，继而缩小选择范围，节省大量时间。
Sample:
The classroom (offers) opportunities for children
to replace angry,
violent behaviors with
_______ , peaceful ones.
peaceful
有一样具有积极意义，与前文
(
根据语法判断此处为形容词，与
的 angry, violent
词义色彩相反，那么
comprehensive, cooperative,
entire
应
选择 cooperative)
介词后一定是名词或动名词做宾语
.
注意 to
(
介词 &动词不定式 )
沉溺于 ),
to
的短语接动名词
:abandon oneself to(
adhere
to(
坚持 ),
stick to(
坚持，信守 ),
cling to(
坚持，忠于 ),
admit to(
承认 ),
大学英语四级必考常用词汇
英语四级必考常用词汇
confess to(
承认 ),
做贡献 ),
contribute to(
feel up to(
感觉能胜任 ),
get down to(
开始着手做 ),
give one
’s mind to( 专心 ),
give way to(
让步 ),
yield to(
屈服 ),
lead to(
导致 ),
渴望 ),
look forward to(
object
to(
反对 ),
take to(
开始从事，喜欢 ),
turn to(
求助 ),
succumb
to( 屈服 ),
see to( 照顾，料理 ),
get used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to,
be committed to, be
受
dedicated to,
be devoted to, be opposed to, be reduced to, be
subject to(
支配的，常遭受 ),
submit to(
顺从，屈服 )
利用不定冠词 (aan)
判断考点是否为元音开头，缩小选择范围
Sample: Husband
and children now do some of these jobs, a ____
that
has changed the target market for
many products.
(scale, potential, gap,
extreme, purchase, situation)
充分利用词库中的近义词或反义词
(
若词库中出现一对近义或反义词，其中一个必定是干扰项 . 反义词考查学
生对文章语境色彩的辨析，只要辨析考点单词是积极还是消极意义，就不难排除 .
近
义词考查考生对词汇搭配用法的掌握，需要学生牢记近义词的各种用法及搭
配。 )
Sample：
A) gravely
B)
respectC) limited
D) specialize
E) seriously F) promoting
G) involves
H) relieved I) significant
J)
magnificent K) range L) issues
M) result
N) determining O) complicated
Today, we
take pain______.
( 此处应用副词做状语，考查近义词辨析
.Take sth. seriously
为固定搭
配 )
注意一词多性：词
库中的词有的既是名词又是动词，有些分词也可以充当
形容词，确定空白处所需单词词性后要全面考虑词
库中的单词词性，不能遗漏。
(respect, result, range)
EI
Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often
unpredictable
change in the climate of the
world. This strange 47 happens every five to
eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean
and is thought to be caused by
a failure in
the trade winds(
信风 ), which affects the
ocean currents driven
by these winds. As the
trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures
rise,
causing the Peru current flowing in from
the east to warm up by as much as
5℃(degrees
centigrade).
大学英语四级必考常用词汇
英语四级必考常用词汇
The warning of the ocean has far-reaching
effects. The hot, humid
( 潮湿的 )air over the
ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall
is
increased across South America, 50 floods
to Peru. In the West Pacific,
there
are droughts affecting Australia and
Indonesia. So while some parts of the
world
prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts
face drought, poor crops
and 51 .
EI Nino
usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI
Nino brought
the most 52 weather in modern
history. Its effect was worldwide and it left
more than 2,000 people dead and caused over
eight billion
pounds 53 of damage.
The
1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54
this to be the longest
EI Nino for 2,000
years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able to
forecast when an EI Nino will
55 , but they
are still
not 56 sure what leads to it or
what affects
how strong
it will be.
其选项如下：
A) estimate;
B) strength;
C) deliberately;
D) notify;
E)
tropical;
F) phenomenon;
G) stable;
H)
attraction;
I) completely;
J) destructive;
K) starvation;
L) bringing;
M)
exhaustion;
N) worth;
O) strike
解题方法
一、辨析词性
把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。
纵观样题和真题，我们知道 15 个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。我们要学
会每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法。
辨性要注意下面几点。
1.
遇到动词进行二次分类：确定时态，确定是第三人称单数还是非第三人称
单数 但应注意动词
+ed 型的有两种可能性，动词或形容词 遇到名词要确定单数还
是复数。
2.
不认识的单词，看后缀。构词法中，前缀表明意思，后缀表明词性。所
以看一个词的后缀，往往能大致分出词性。
3.
词性一时无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必纠缠，影响全局。
4.
作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不
清楚的都标问号。
以真题为例辨词性
A) estimate; B) strength;
C)
deliberately; D) notify;
大学英语四级必考常用词汇
英语四级必考常用词汇
E) tropical; F)
phenomenon;
G) stable; H) attraction;
I)
completely; J) destructive;
K) starvation; L)
bringing;
M) exhaustion; N) worth;
O)
Strike
名词： B,F,H,K,M
(B 的后缀 th, H 、K、M的
tion
都是名词后缀 )
谓语动词： A,D,O
(A
的-ate 极可能是动词， D的 -fy 为动词后缀 )
非谓语动词： L(-ing
结尾 )
形容词： E, G, J
(E 的-cal, G 的
able, J 的 tive 是形容词后缀 )
副词： C和 I(ly
加在形容词后为副词后缀
)
注意：即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，词的性质有时比词义
还重要。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的或无法确定的，如 N) worth
(adj.n.) ，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。
综合解题
将选项分类之后，就得
从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的
因素有两个，第一是词性，第二是词义。所以在读文章
时，要通过各种手段来确定
空格的词性与意义。
( 一) 确定词性，确定选项的选择范围
1) 关于动词的判断
前后都是名词短语，中间是动词 。
根据一句 (
包括从句 ) 有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，
则需要谓语动词
反之则不需要谓语动词。
Nowadays, weather experts are able
to forecast when an El Nino will
55 , but.
(will 后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语 )
55. O strike
Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino
for 2,000 years.
( 此句后只有一个 to
be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词 且空格前后均
为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。 )
54. A estimate
一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。
The rainfall is increased across South
America, 50 floods to Peru.
(
前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选
项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。
)
50. L bringing
2)
其它词的判断
形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词
(the,
this, that, a, my
之类 ) 后必有名
词
This strange 47
happens every five to eight years.
47. F
phenomenon
The hot, humid ( 潮湿的 ) air over the
ocean causes severe 49
thunderstorms.
49.
E tropical
大学英语四级必考常用词汇
英语四级必考常用词汇
El Nino usually lasts for
about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the
most 52 weather in modern history.
(
前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。 )
52. J destructive
副词修饰形容词或动词
, but they are still not 56
sure what leads to it or what affects
how
strong it will be.(
修饰形容词 sure,
当为副词 )
56. I completely
谓语动词前有名词主语
This strange 47 happens every five to
eight years.
(happens
是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。
)
47. F
phenomenon
介词后面必有名词
rise,
causing
As the trade winds lessen in 48 ,
the ocean temperatures
the Peru current
flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as
5
°C.
lessen
减少，当
( 在介词
in 的后面，当为名词无疑，此处整个短语来修饰
为在某个方面减少。
)
48. B strength
( 二) 句里句外，猜测词义
一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰 词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所
以先看它被谁修饰，
与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处
之。
This strange
47 happens every five to eight years.
strange
修饰 47，也许看不出来是什么，再看 47与 happen形成主谓关系，
能够发生的是什么最好的当然是现象。
47. F phenomenon
二看逻辑：
1. 句内 ( 状语从句，解释，并列等 )
As the
trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures
the Peru current flowing in from the east to
warm up by as much as 5
rise, causing
°C.
此句有一个状语从句， as
表示的时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风
的什么减少，温度就上升，当然是风的速度或风力。
48. B strength
So while some parts of the
world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other
parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相近。与干旱、收成不好一致的，
很容易选出
starvation 饥荒 .
51. K starvation
2. 前文 (
指代等、句间连词 )
This strange 47 happens every five
to eight years.
This
告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概
念就是 El Nino,
无疑是一种天气“现象”。
47. F phenomenon
表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。
与 this 一大类的还有：
Thisthesesuch; the samesimilar;
worsebettermoreless
等。
还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。
大学英语四级必考常用词汇
英语四级必考常用词汇
递进： Moreoverfurthermorewhat
’morebesidesin
additionevenalso
转折：
howeverbutratherinstead
因果：
thereforeconsequentlyaccordinglythushence
3.
后文
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.
The 1981-83 El Nino brought the
most 52
weather in modern history. Its effect was
worldwide and it left
more than 2,000 people
dead and caused over eight billion
pounds
53 of damage.
段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。 El
Nino 究
竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。
52. J
destructive (dead , damage)
三看习惯用法：固定搭配
Its effect was worldwide and it left more than
2,000 people dead and caused
over eight
billion pounds 53 of damage.
53. N worth
此处考的是 worth 这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，
但可用 worth of
sth,
来表明价值某物的某东西。
. The fire caused
thousands of pounds' worth of damage.
America's most famous woman is the Goddess of
Liberty, i. e. the Statue
of Liberty. It was
first thought of in 1865 by Edouard de Laboulaye
and
designed by another Frenchman, Frederic
Bartoldi. They wanted to 11 liberty
and
friendship.
It was hoped that the
monumentwould be completed by 1876 when America
12 its centennial. Fund raising and the 13 of
the statue in France went slowly.
It was 1885
when the 214 crates containing the statue reached
New York.
Americans were initially
14
for they had not raised the money to pay
for
the erection of the base. Fund raising by popular
subscription
was behind
15 . One fund
raising method used was to have popular Americans
write
letters
which were then sold in
public.
The base and statue, 16 272 feet tall,
were completed in 1886. From
a 17 standpoint,
the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was
designed
by the French engineer, Alexandre
Eiffel.
His design for the stressed
copper
skin of the statue anticipated many
of the 18 utilized in modern aircraft.
After a
century, the monument began to show signs of
getting worse
in 19 . Just as Frenchmen had
created the Statue, so it was with
restoration.
A Frenchman noted the decay
and French and American craftsmen
and
contributions brought about the renewal of the
Statue in time for its is still 20
in France
and the United States.
A. completely
B.
measures
C. popular
D. together
E.
honor
F. manufacture
G. schedule
H.
reward
I. celebrated
J. principles
大学英语四级必考常用词汇
英语四级必考常用词汇
K. embarrassed
L.
technical
M. voluntary
N conditions
0.
discouraged
答案： 11. E 12. I 13. F 14. K 15. G
16. D 17. L 18. J
The Louisiana
Purchase
OnApril 30, 1803,
the area of the United States approximately
doubled.
Until that time, United States
territory
had extended from the Atlantic
Ocean
to the banks of the Mississippi
and from the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence
River to the thirty-first parallel. The
national land now was expanded
westward to include practically
all
of the area between the Mississippi River
and
the Rocky Mountains and between the Gulf of Mexico
and the Canadian border.
On that day, for
fifteen million dollars, the United States
purchased from
France 875,000 square
miles of territory. After Robert R. Livingston, an
American who represented President
Jefferson in France, signed his name to
the treaty, he rose, shook hands with James
Monroe and Marbois, the Frenchman
representing
Napoleon and remarked,
noblest work of
our lives.
we glance backward upon this
important event
in history, we must agree that
the signing of the treaty for the purchase
of Louisiana was probably the most important
event in Thomas Jefferson's
administration.
Without the
acquisition
of this territory,
the United States
would most probably have
not developed into the powerful nation which it is
today.
What Causes Led to
Purchase of the Louisiana Territory
Until 1763, Louisiana had been a possession of
France, but in that
year it was given
to Spain to repay an old debt. Twenty years later
in Paris,
the treaty ending the American
Revolution was signed between the United States
and Great Britain. One of the terms of this
treaty was that the western border
of the
United States was to stretch to the Mississippi
River. Immediately
settlers and
pioneers crossed westward over the Allegheny
Mountains to clear
the territory and establish
farms. Since roads were scarce and difficult to
travel, the products of these farmers
had to be shipped on the waterways
leading to the Mississippi River and then down
this great stream to NewOrleans.
At this port
city, the produce was transferred to larger ocean-
going vessels
and transported to markets on
the Eastern Seaboard or to Europe. However,
Spain's ownership of both shores of the river
for at least two hundred miles
north of
NewOrleans permitted this foreign nation to
control the trade moving
君主政体 ) ，the Spanish
government
on the Mississippi. As a monarchy (
distrusted the rising spirit of democracy
in the United States, especially
the
muchfreer expression of democracy that existed
amongthe western farmers.
This distrust of
democracy resulted in the desire of the
Spanish to deny the
瞬
use of the great
river to any Americans. The reaction was
instantaneous (
间的 ) and furious, western
farmers raised their voices to protest and the
United states sent John Jay to Madrid
to discuss this matter. In 1795 this
conflict was settled. Spain consented to allow
citizens of the United States
the right
to use the
lower Mississippi River and
also the
大学英语四级必考常用词汇
英语四级必考常用词汇
at
New Orleans, the right of deposit permitted
American farmers, without a
duty charge,
to remove their products from smaller boats at
NewOrleans after
having navigated down the
Mississippi, and then to transfer the agricultural
commodities to larger ocean-going vessels.
For the succeeding five years this
agreement was observed and little
conflict existed. On October 1, 1800, however,
Spain signed a treaty giving
the
ownership of the Louisiana territory back to
France. The news of this
treaty did not
reach Jefferson until May of the following year.
As soon as
he became aware of the change
in ownership of the territory, Jefferson
realized that this was part of a plan by which
Napoleon hoped to establish
France as a
great power in the New World. Although Napoleon
still permitted
Spain to remain in
control of the port of New Orleans, the future
threat to
the navigation rights of the
western farmers still remained. At any moment,
Napoleon might send troops to the
for navigation. This would affect almost forty
per cent of the total export
trade of
the United States. By April 1802 Jefferson's
concerns in this matter
became even more
intense. Napoleon had shipped armed forces to
Santo Domingo
to suppress the uprising. Once
this had been accomplished, the troops were
under orders to take possession of Louisiana
with its key port city of New
Orleans.
On the eighteenth of that month the President
wrote his now-famous
letter to the
American Minister to France, Robert R. Livingston.
There is one place on the globe, one
single spot, the possessor of
which is
our natural and habitual enemy. It is New Orleans
through which the
produce of three eighths of
our territory must pass to market. . . it seals
the union of two nations who in
conjunction
can maintain exclusive
possession
of the ocean. From that moment we
must marry ourselves to the British fleet
and nation.
Seven
months later Jefferson learned that the Spanish
officials at
NewOrleans
had
suspended( 暂不实行 ) the right
of deposit.
Immediately western
farmers protested. Many
demanded immediate action. Others pressed
for a declaration of war. The Federalists in
the East who opposed Jefferson
sided
with those who wished to declare war, in order to
split the ranks of
his followers. In
January 1803, Congress appropriated two million
dollars
( 支付 ) expenses to help
improve relations
between the United States
and foreign nations.
resolve the
difficulty. Monroe was instructed to negotiate for
the purchase
of New Orleans and Florida.
He was permitted to offer 50,000,000 francs for
this concession of territory. If this
offer were refused, then an alternative
offer
of 37,500,000 francs was to be made for New
Orleans alone. A third
alternative to be
used in the negotiation was to insist upon the
permanent
right of deposit at New
Orleans and navigation along the lower
Mississippi.
If all three offers were
rejected by Napoleon, Monroe and Livingston were
instructed to negotiate an alliance with
the British Government to make
any peace with
France.
Why Napoleon Sold Louisiana
Events
favored the United States. Napoleon had
transported 35,000
troops to wipe out the
rebellion in Santo Domingo, but yellow fever and
the
大学英语四级必考常用词汇
英语四级必考常用词汇
rebels did away with
most of the French troops. With this disaster
Napoleon's
visions of expanding in the
mainland at New Orleans vanished. He also
recognized he inevitability of a conflict with
Great Britain. How could he
hope to
keep Louisiana, thousands of miles away across
the Atlantic, as long
as Britain was the
Seasthe sale of Louisiana
would bring to
France was a temptation to Napoleon, whose
treasury was almost
depleted ( 消耗 ).
Confronted with so many problems Napoleon quickly
arrived
at a April 11, 1803, even before
the arrival of Monroe in Paris, Talleyrand
proposed that the United States purchase all
of the Louisiana 's first offer
for this
a demand for 125,000,000. In a brief
negotiation both finally
compromised on
80,000,000 francs, equivalent to $$ 15,000,000 in
American money. On April 30, 1803, Louisiana
became the
possession of the United States.
Three-fourths of the sum went to France, the
balance was reserved to pay the claims of
American citizens against France.
1. The
passage gives a general description of the reasons
for
and the effect of the Louisiana purchase.
2. The purchase of Louisiana helped the U. S.
to grow into the powerful
nation which it is
today.
3. The Louisiana purchase only
expanded the territory of the U. S. .
4. The
rising spirit of democracy in the U. S. was
introduced to Spain
and France
instantaneously.
5. The purchase of Louisiana
was accomplished at a much lower
price than
originally intended.
6. Spain was the original
possessor of the Louisiana territory.
7.
Livingston's eloquence persuaded Marbois to accept
an
unreasonably low price for the Louisiana
territory.
8. Louisiana was sold to the U. S,
for______francs.
9. The Federalists in the
East of U. S. were in favor of declaring
war
on Spain because they wished to______of President
Jefferson's
followers.
10. When
Louisiana was purchased, the export trade moving
on
the Mississippi accounted for___of the
total export trade of the U. S. .
答案： 1. Y 2.
Y 3. N 4. N 5. Y 6. N 7. NG 8. 80,000,000 9. split
the ranks 10. 40%
大学英语四级必考常用词汇