英语字母读音规则

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英语国际音标表

一、
英语字母发音表
A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:]
F f [ef] G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai] J j [d3ei]
K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [?u]
P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:]
U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d
?
blju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai]
Z z [zi:][zed]


二、英语国际音标表 （48个）
元音（20个）
长元音
短元音
双元音
ɑ:
?
e?
??
?:
?
a?
a?
?:
?
??


i:
?
??

u:
?
e?


e
??


?


辅音（28个）
轻辅音
浊辅音
轻辅音
浊辅音
鼻 音
半元音
边 音
p
b

?

?
m
j
?
t
d
h
r
n
w

k
g
ts
dz
?


f
v
t
?

d?



θ
?
tr
dr



s
z






三、什么叫音节？

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音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，
辅音发音不响亮 ，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [?] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形
式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。
四、如何划分音节？
①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属
于后面的音节。
例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两 个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅
字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面 一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前
面一个音节。
例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er
五、什么是重读音节？
重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音 节词的
读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用
重读符号。
六、什么叫开音节？
开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，相对开音节。
①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no she so hi
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构

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成的重读音节。例如：nam
e
thes
e
bik
e
hom
e
ex-cus
e
.
七、什么叫闭音节？
单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：
ba
g
e
gg
fi
sh
no
t
cu
p

八、英语单词拼读规则

1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
a 在开音节中 [ei ] name plane Jane baby cake date
在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese be she
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [??] those close go note home no
在闭音节中 [
?
] clock not box shop shock hot
u 在开音节中 [ju:] excuse duty tune cute fume huge
在闭音节中 [ ?] bus cup jump much lunch nut
2. 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a [?] China
['t?ain?]
another
[?'n???]
woman ['wum?n]

breakfast ['brekf?st]
[i] orange
['?rind?]
comrade
['k?mrid]
village
['vilid?]
cabbage
['k?bid?]

e [?] hundred
['h?ndr?d]
student ['stju:d?nt] open
['?up?n]
children
['t?ildr?n]

[i] chicken
['t?ikin]
pocket
['p?kit]
begin [bi'ɡin] semester
[si'mest?]

i [?] holiday
['h?l?di]
beautiful
['bju:ti?ful]
family
['f?m?ili]
animal
['?ni?m?l]

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[ai] exercise
['eks?saiz]
satellite
['s?t?lait]

o [?] second
['sek?nd]
tonight
[t?'nait]
welcome
['welk?m]

[ ?u] also
['?:ls?u]
zero
['zi?r?u, 'zi:r?u]
photo
['f?ut?u]

u [ ?] autumn
['?:t?m]
difficult
['difik?lt] support [s?'p?:t]

[ju] popular
['p?pjul?]
January
['d??nju?ri]

3.元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a在[w]音后面读
[ ?]
want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前读 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i 在-nd -ld -gh前读 [ai] find bind mind child mild light high fight
o在-st -ld前读 [?u] most host postcard old cold sold hold
o在m n v th前读 [
?
] come monkey love mother

4.

-r音节元音字母在重读音节中的读音

ar [ɑ:] car farm dark sharp large
ar在[w]音后面读[
?
:] warm quarter
['kw?:t?]
toward
[t?'w?:d]

or[
?
:] forty morning short sport north
or在[w]音后面读[
?
:] word worker worse world worm
er ir ur [
?
:] certainly
['s?:t?nli]
term bird sir Thursday nurse
5. -re音节元音字母在重读音节中的读音
are [ε? ] care dare hare pare bare ware
ere [i? ] here mere sere
ire [ai? ] fire hire wire tire dire sire
ore [
?
:] more score before pore
ure [ju? ] pure cure lure
6. 元音字母在重读音节中的读音
aiay [ei] afraid rain wait day play way say
air [ε?] air hair chair pair repair fair
a l [
?
:l] small ball talk wall all always also salt almost

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al 在f m前 [ɑ:] half calm palm balm
auaw [
?
:] autumn daughter draw saw paw raw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please seat reach
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great steak
ear [i?] hear dear near clear year sear tear
[ε? ] bear pear wear swear
[?:] earth learn early pearl search
ee [i:] eep week green three tree need
eer [i? ] pioneer deer beer peer veer
eiey [ei] eight neighbour they ley
[i:] either key

ew [ju:] new few newspaper pew mew
在j l r 后 [u:] flew brew crew drew jewelry
oa [?u] oat Joan boat goal coat coal
oaroor [
?
:] roar board aboard abroad blackboard door floor moor
oioy [
?
i ] noise point coin moist toilet boy toy soy joyful
oo I. 重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(动 物园),room(房间)
等;
II. 在辅音字母f, l, m, n, s前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学
校),soon(不久),goose(鹅)等.有一个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);
III. 在字母t前的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿),特例
词:foot[u](脚);
IV. 字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(书),look(看),特例
词:food[u:](食物);
V. 在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。如:bedroom(卧
室),classroom(教室)等;
VI. 在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[?]的音。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.

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ouow [au] flower house count down mouth mountain allow sound brow
[?u] know row throw though follow below


[
?
] young country enough tough
[u:] group soup
our [
?
:] course your four pour
[au? ] our hour ours sour
ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] [jui][u:i] tuition
[tju:'i??n]
suicide['sjuisaid] fluid [flu(:)id]
[u:] juice fruit suit
7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词
aiay eiey [i] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [?u] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [
??
n] impression[im'pre
?
?n] congressional nation emotion
-sion在元音字母后 [
??
n] vision[
'vi??n
] decision occasion confusion
-tion在s后 [t
?
?n] question
['kwest??n]
suggestion
[s?ɡ'd?est??n]

-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [
??
] pleasure measure treasure leisure
-ture [t
?
?] picture culture future lecture
8、辅音字母的读音
b [b] bike bus bag Bible
在 m后不发音 [] bomb tomb comb
c [k] cake picture coat music
c在e前或在iy前[s] face decide cinema cycle piece
ch [
t?
] much chick rich teacher check watch catch China
[k] school headache chemistry technology
[
?
] machine
[m?'?i:n]
Chicago
[?i'kɑ:ɡ?u]

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-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand d ay
-dge [
d?
] bridge fridge knowledge edge
dr- [dr] children driver drink drama draw
f [f] five four breakfast frustrate
g g在e i y前 [d
?
] general manage managing gym gyp
在a, o , 前 [g] bag garden guide gold go
gh [f] cough enough rough laugh tough
有时不发音 [] light daughter high fight sight
gu- -gue [g] guess league dialogue guitar guide
h [h] head house hand hot hundred
在o前面有时不发音 [] hour honest honor
j [d
?
] jeep jar joke join July jam
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock knew
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come example
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
n [n] not shine ten note
在[k] 音前[?] uncle thank think angry hungry
-ng [?] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen sharp
ph [f] elephant photo telephone physical
q [k] Iraq Qatar
qu- quality quite quarrel quantity square
-que [k] cheque
r [r] red rubber ruler
s 在词首或清辅音前，元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] muscle science sleep desk sister
在元音字母u后面多数情况下读[z] music husband business excuse refuse
sh [
?
] finish wash fish shirt shock

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t 在通常情况下， [t] ten letter meet
在弱读字母ia ie io前[
?
] patient ['pei
?
?nt] nation ['nei
?
?n] retia['ri:ti, 'rei--
?
i?]
tch [t
?
] watch catch match fetch
th 在通常情况下 [θ] three bath think math thirteen
在冠词、代词、介词和连词中[?] the those with though then
在词尾-the和- ther中 [?] mother father clothe
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
不发音 [] answer two
wh- 在字母o前 [h] who whose whole
其他 [w] what when white why
x [ks] box text exercise express
在重读元音前[gz] example exist exact
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
ts [ts] cats lots pets boots
ds [dz] beds kids deeds