英语单词发音规则及国际音标表和音标发音规则

英语单词发音规则
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue
ruler super
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass
fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother
三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a [E]E China another woman breakfast
orange comrade village cabbage
e [E] hundred student open weekend
chicken pocket begin children
i [E] holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu] also zero photo
u [E] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate
u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July
influence February issue
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作
音。
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
arar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener
[C:] warm quarter towards
oror在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short
[E:] word worker worse
er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成- r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼
读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget
Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
are [εE] care dare hare
ere [iE] here mere
ire [aiE] fire hire wire
ore [C:] more score before
ure [juE] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[E]音，例如：
picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按- re音节拼读规则拼
读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American
paragraph
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
aiay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air [εE] air hair chair pair repair
alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all
[C:l] always also salt almost
[α:] half calm

auaw [C:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear [iE] hear dear near clear year
[εE] bear pear wear swear
[E:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [iE] pioneer deer beer
eiey [ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
euew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ieei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oaroor [C:] roar board door floor
oioy [Ci] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
book look cook foot good
ouow [au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[∧] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [C:] course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:] journey
ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词
aiay eiey Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit
coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion

-tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [tFE] picture culture
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元 音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节
拼读规则拼读。例如： everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去 其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。
其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如： sun太阳 + day[ei]
日子 ＞ Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday 假日 break中断
+ fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞
cupboard[E] 碗柜
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词
b bike bus bag
[] bomb tomb
cc在e前或在iy前 [k] cake picture coat music
[s] face decide cinema
ch [tF] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[F] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [dV] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
gg在e iy前 [^] bag garden go
[dV] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[] light daughter high
gu- -guegu在非重读音节中 [^] guess league dialogue
[^w] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke join July

k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
nn在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
[N] uncle thank hungry
-ng [N] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
[z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [F] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet
[F] patient nation
tch [tF] watch
th在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the -ther中
thirty method
[T] the these with than
[T] clothe fathe r weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[] Answer two
wh-wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why
[h] who whose whole
x在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise
[gz] example exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo

θ] thin [

国际音标表
48个国际音标表
1. 单元音(12个)：
[i:] eat[i:t] feel[fi:l]
[i] sit[sit] big[big]
[?:] for[f?:] more[m?:]
[?] hot[h?t] oil[?il]
[?:] girl[ɡ?:l] service[’s?:vis]
[?] after[’ɑ:ft?] color[美](colour)[’k?l?]
[u:] cool [ku:l] who [hu:]
[u] put[put] book[buk]
[ɑ:] car[kɑ:] hard[hɑ:d]
[∧] bus[b∧s] sunny[’s∧ni]
[?] and[?nd] carry[’k?ri]
[e] tell[tel] bread[bred]
2. 双元音(8个):
[ai] bike[baik] write[rait]
[ei] wait[weit] day[dei]
[?i] boy[b?i] enjoy[in’d??i]
[i?] idea [ai ’di?] here[hi?]
[e?] hair[he?] where [hwe?](h不发音)
[u?] tour[tu?] flower[’flau?]
[?u] boat[b?ut] know[n?u]
[au] town[taun] how[hau]
3. 辅音：(28个):
(有气无声) 清辅音
[p] park[pɑ:k] pack[p?k]
[t] tea[ti:] talk[t?:k]
[k] keep[ki:p] bank[b??k]
[f]face[feis] free[fri:]
[∫] shirt[∫?:t] action['?k∫?n]
[s]sit[sit] say[sei]
[θ]think[θi?k] nothing[’n∧θi?]
[ts]cats[k?ts] lots[l?ts]
[tr]tree[tri:] try[trai]

[t∫]such[s∧t∫] match[m?t∫]
(有声无气) 浊辅音:
[b] be[bi:] baby [’beibi]
[d]dog[d?ɡ] dad[d?d]
[g]bag[d?ɡ] go[ɡ?u]
[v]give[ɡiv] above[?’b∧v]
[?]job[d??b] join[d??in]
[z]zoo[zu:] amaze[?’meiz]
[?]father[’fɑ:??] together[t?’ɡe??] weather[’we??]
[dz]beds[bedz] birds[b?:dz]
[dr]address[?’dres] draw[dr?:]
[d?]object[?b’ d?ikt] age[eid?]
[m]map [m?p] me[mi:, mi]
[n]win[win] thin[θin]
[l]let[let] lead[led]
[?]pink[pi?k] thing[θi?]
[r]red[red] reach[ri:t∫]
[h]hi[hai] he [hi:, i]
[w]wedding[’wedi?] water[’w?:t?]
[j]yes[jes] year[j?:]