领导英语-日语二级考试
英语语音基础知识与训练
(
一
)
语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之一。自然规范的语音、语调将为有效的口语交际打下良好的基础。语
音教学应注
重语义与语境、语调与语流相结合,要强调语音、语调在实际口语交流中的运用。英语有不
同的口音,如:英国口
音、美国口音等。
为发展交际能力打下基础。
学生在基本掌握一种口音的基础上,适当接触不同的口音,
2
6个字母音标表
A a
F f
K k
P p
U u
[ei]
[ef]
[kei]
[pi
:
]
[ju
:
]
B b
G g
L l
Q q
V v
[bi
:
]
[d?i
:
]
[el]
[kju:]
[vi
:
]
C c
H h
M m
R r
W w
[si
:
]
[eit
门
[em]
[
a
]
[
'
b?u
:
]
D d
I i
N n
S s
X x
[di
:
]
[ai]
[en]
[es]
[eks]
E e
J j
O o
T t
Y y
[i
:
]
[d?ei]
[?u]
[ti
:
]
[wai]
Z z [zi:][zed]
英语音标表:共 48个
英语音杯表(英语国际音标表’山音标〕
短元音
单元音
[1]
回[?]
U
叮
W [e] [?]
长一沅■&
P
:
J
陶回]g]
[d] [ai] [^i] [aiij Ou] pal
庄曰]
[ua]
洁浊成对
的舖咅
具它:辅音
关
于
清辅音
浊辅音
a ft] rk] rti
『町何
MI
ftr]
L
[b] [d] [
I
rtfi
[v]
[d] [z] [dz] [dr] [3] [d^]
Di] Ini] [n]
M
:
Ctj Lr| □] [w]
语音的几个概念
1
)字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母
2 )音标:词的语音形式。
3)
音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有
a, e, i(y), o, u,
48音素。
ap'ple, stu'de nt, un 'der'sta nd , tea'cher,
20元音。
28辅音。
4) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。
5) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不受阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有
6)
辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有
7) 开音节:
a)辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi
8)
闭音节:a)辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
9) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
元音
: 比较下列元音发音
1. 比较下列元音发音
1) [ i: ] sea, he,
see, piece, ceiling, believe
2) [ i ] sit,
build, miss, myth
3) [ e ] bed, desk, head,
wedding
4) [ ? ] bad, land, bank, stamp
5)
[ a: ] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
6)
[ ?] hot, want, cock, coffee, hospital, long
7) [ ? : ] door, more, sport, ball, warm,
author, court, bought, caught
8) [ u: ] tooth,
who, blue, soup, choose, June, rule
9) [ u ]
look, put, woman, could , wood, cook, push
10)
[? ] cup, come, blood, rough , touch, son, sun ,
mother, month, love
11) [ ?: ] girl, work,
serve, nurse , early, service
12) [ ? ] ago,
forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday
13) [ ei ] cake, they, play, eight, great,
break
14) [ ai ] bike, die, neither, light,
try, find, height, eye
15) [ ?u] phone, cold,
boat, soul, grow, flow, blow
16) [ au ] cow,
how, house, town , mountain, cloud
17) [?i ]
boy, oil , joy, join, spoil, boil, enjoy, noise
18) [ i? ] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,
tear, nearby
19) [ ?? ] pear, care, there,
fair , dare, tear, bear, bare, parent
20) [u?
] tour, poor, sure, cruel, rural, tourist
2.容易混淆的元音
1) [ e ] [? ] bed, bad; men,
man; pen, pan; lend land
2) [ i:] [ ei ] real,
rail; greet, great; mean, main; read, raid
3)
[ e ] [ ai ] bet, bite; red, write; said,side,
head, hide
4) [ au ] [?:] house, horse; loud
lord; south, sauce;
5) [au] [? ] found, fond;
gown, gone; down, don 辅音
1. 比较下列辅音发音
1)
[p] pen, plane, place, play, polite
2) [b]
bed, bathe,bag, bath, baggage, barber
3) [t]
tell, tooth, ten, text, task, take
4) [d] day,
played, said,dive, divide, loved
5) [k] cold,
sky, quick, school, back, accept, box
6) [g]
big, go, guess, language
7) [m] man ,maths,
match, mum
8) [n] nine, knife,noise, knowledge
9) [ ? ] bank, uncle, English, sing
10) [
l ] land, world , last, least
11) [ r ] read,
write, ride, right
12) [ f ] five, cough,
laugh ,photo
13) [ v ] voice, of, vote ,five
14) [
0
] thinthank, breath, bath
15) [ e ] this, breathe, bathe, therefore
16) [ s ] sit, miss, scie nee, case, scarf
17) [ z ] zoo, close, no se, houses
18)
[
?
] sure, she, social, n atio n , sheep,
shop, show, shy
19) [
?
] pleasure,
measure, decision, television, garage
20) [ h ] hot, who, whose, house,
whom, horse
21) [ w ] wall, what, where,
whether, weather
22) [ j ] yes ,year, yet,
yellow
23) [t? child, teach, catch , fetch,
match, watch
24) [
d?
] joke, bridge,
oran ge, judge
25) [ ts ] boats, coats, cats,
roots, poin ts, tests
26) [dz ] goods, aids,
reads, seeds, la nds
27) [ tr ] tree, try,
trick, true, track
28) [dr ] dream, drive,
drop, dry, drip
2. 容易混淆的辅音
1) [v] [w ] vet
wet; vest west; vi ne wi ne; very well
2) [s]
[
0
] sink think; sort thought; miss myth;
mass math
3) [z] [e ] clos ing cloth ing;
breeze breathe; bays bathes
4) [n] [? ] thin
thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang
英语语音基础知识(二)
----音节与元音字母a,e.,i的发音变化规律
英语的拼读已经反映出其读音了,应该了解英语单词的拼读规律。英语是一种拼音文字,如果不认
真总结单词里每个音节的读音规则,不把单词的拼写形式与其读音联系在一起,不清楚单词的拼写形式
和读音之间
的内在对应关系,那么,记英语单词就会成为沉重的负担。 而掌握读音规则,可以把英语
单词的拼写和读音做为一个整体来掌握,见到一个单词就可以根据其拼写形式读其音;反过来,听到一
个单词的发
音,就能够根据其读音拼写出这个单词来。这样把拼写和拼读当成一个整体来对待。记住了
词形,也就记住了读
音,记住了读音也就等于记住了这个词的拼写形式。
一、英语的基本拼读规则
1 ?元音字母a及其字母组合的读音(见表)
—二&宀
元曰字
母和字
读音
母组合
说明 例词 例夕卜
a
[ei ]
grade
, f
ace
,
table
,
name, race,
在重读开曰节中
grape
have [h?
v, h?v]
vase
[v
a
z, veis]
[?]
在重读闭音节中
map,
practice , that, plan,
hand
[?]
[?]
在非重读音节中
w+a
在重读音节后的
above,
about, among
,
woman
watch, what
,
wash
,
wallet
water ['w ?t ?]
[i ]
音节中
village, orange, comrade
operate [' ?p?reit]
a+n (或 ss, sp,
[
a
]
sk, st, th, f)
answer,
grant, class, grasp,
basket
,
fast
,
bath
,
after
sand [s? nd]
stand [st? nd]
land [l? nd] band[b? nd]
[ei ]
ai
,
ay
[i ]
在非重读音节中
在重读音节中
straight
,
afraid
,
paint
,
rain,say
Monday
,
mountain
,
holiday
,
captai n
repair
,
chair
,
hajr
,
stair
chalk
,
call
,
small
,
walk half [h
a
f] salt [s?:lt]
warm
[w??m]
marry[m? ri]
[
a
]
ar
在重读音节中
party
,
artist
,
farm
,
card
quarter[kw
?
t ]
various[v??ri ?s]
says, said [e ]
weekday[wi:kdei] birthday
['b ?:
0
dei]
air
al
[??]
[?:]
在重读音节中
在辅音之间
[?]
are [??]
[?
:
]
在非重读音节中
在重读音节中
grammar
,
collar
,
sugar
glare
,
care
,
stare
,
dare
_aunt[
a
?nt]
au
August
,
autumn, fault
because[b?k?z]
Australia] ?streili ?]
augh
[?
:
]
caught
,
taught
,
daughter
draw
,
law
,
saw, lawn
laugh[l
a
f]
aw [?:]
2 ?元音字母e及其字母组合的读音(见表)
元音字
母和字
母组合
读音 说明 例词 例夕卜
[i
:
]
[e]
[?]
e
[i ]
[i ?]
在重读开音节中
在重读闭音节中
在非重读音节中
在前缀和后缀中
complete
,
gven
,
these
,
better
,
enter
,
fresh
happen
,
opgn, problem
pretty[pr iti]
depend
,
behind
,
needed
here
re音节
[??]
there, where
ea
[e ]
breath
,
head
,
ready
,
dead
[i
:
]
breathe
,
season
,
least
,
deal
,
teach, leader,
reader
[i ?]
really
,
real
,
theatre, idea
great
,
break
reality[ri? liti]
[ei ]
ee
[i
:
]
greet
,
deep
,
keep
,
meet
receive
,
thief, believe
eight[eit]
fr@nd[fr end]
height[h ait]
ei
(
ie
)
[i
:
]
er
[?
:
]
在重读音节中
verb
,
her
,
term
,
serve
terrible[t
er?bl]
merry[m eri]
[?]
ear [i ?]
在非重读音节中
worker
,
paper
dear
,
clear
,
near
,
hear
f
-------------
[?:]
[i ?]
eer
-ed
search
,
learn
,
earth
,
earn
heart[h
a
t]
pion
eer,deer,beer,e ngin eer
前面是清辅音 ([t]
[t ]
除外)
jumped
,
talked
,
worked
,
helped
元音字
母和字
母组合
读音 说明 例词 例夕卜
[d ]
前面是浊辅音
除外)和元音
([d]
loved, answered, closed,
staved
[id ]
前面是[t]或[d]
needed, shouted,
skated
[ju
:
]
ew
[u :]
n ew, few, knew
sew[?u]
grew, threw, flew
obey, grey, they
[ei]
ey
[i ]
key[i:]
mon ey, mon key, valley
3
?元音字母i及其字母组合的读音(见表)
元音字
母和字
母组合
在重读开音节
读音 说明 例词 例夕卜
⑻
]
中
i( y)
[i ]
中
在重读闭音节
Friday,
fine, drive, lively
g_ive[giv], live (v.)
strict, think , artist
wild[w aild]
[?:]
ie
[ai ]
r曰卩
shirt,
skirt, bird, girl
lie, tie, die , pie
[i:]
believe, piece, field
diam ond, dialogue
frjend[fr
end]quiet[kw ai?t]
ia
ir
igh
[ai?]
[?:]
girl, bird , first,
birth
fight, right, tight, night
mirror[m ir ?]
[ai ]
ild
[aild]
--- ----
[ai?]
ire
ind
wild, child, mild
admire, hire,
fire, entire
⑻
n d]
behind ,
find , kind, wind(v.)
wind [w ind](n.)
worried, carried, hurried,
terrified[terif
aid] -ied [id ]
元音字
母和字
母组合
读音 说明 例词 例夕卜
studied
----元音字母u与0的发音变化规律
4
?元音字母U及其字母组合的读音(见表)
元音字
母和字
母组合
[ju
:
]
u
[
?
]
[?]
中
读音 说明 例词 例夕卜
在重读开音节中
在重读闭音节中
在某些非重读音节
student,use,pupil,
huge
but, cut, up,
hurry
autumn
,
difficult,
success
sugar[?ig?]
truth[tr u: ] busy[ bizi]
institute[instit ju:t],
communism[k ?mju
nizm]
[?]
[?:]
ur
[?]
r音节
re音节
pure, sure
hurt,nurse,turn,burn
hurry[h ?ri]
surprise,Saturday
ui
[u
:
]
fruit, juice
build[ i ],suit[ju:]
5 ?元音字母o及其字母组合的读音(见表)
5勺
元曰字母
和字母组
合
improve[im
pr u:v],
spoke, pole , note, hole,
love[l
?
v], whose[h u:z],
[?u]
在重读开曰节中
role, pole
lose[l u:z], tomb[t u:m],
prove[pr u:v]
读音 说明 例词 例夕卜
[?]
在重读闭音节中
monument , along , shop,
cloth, job, l on g, lot o
木熙-yq什么意思
tonight什么意思-阿zing
lot怎么读-法定代表人什么意思
weary-荼靡是什么意思
嚼舌根-序的成语
telly-济南法语培训
history怎么读音-visa是什么
依稀的意思-羊踯躅
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