英语音标表发音规律记忆口诀

英语音标表、字母表----- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀
一、尝试用“胸腔 辅助送力---—口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母，感觉学习标准发
音，直到感觉音准，流利 ，升降调式自如为止。
[ ei bi: si: di: i: ef dVi: eitF ai dVei kei el em en Eu pi:kju: B:
es ti: ju: vi: dQblju: eks wai zi:]
? 先观察以上字母的读音，然后，把含有共同元音因素的字母进行分类：
(1) [ei] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ](2) [i:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___
(3) [ai] ___[ ] ___[ ] (4) [Eu] ___[ ]
(5) [u:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(6) [e] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] (7) [B:] ___[ ]
二、 英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类表
英 语 音 标（采用口腔后部发声法发音）
声前元音：[i: I:] [i] [e] [A]
带
中元音：[Q] [E] [E: :]
振
动
振
动
后元音：[B:] [C:] [C] [u:] [u]
发音特
征
发
音
清
晰
响
[ai] [ei] [Ci] [iE] [ZE eE] [uE] [au] [Eu]
亮
发
音
含
糊
振[b][d][g] [v][z][T][V] [r] [dV][dr][dz]
动 [m][n][N] [l][l] [w][j ]
晦
涩
气
流
受
阻
气
流
通
畅
元
单
音
元
*
音
母
音

双
元
音
辅
音
*
子
音
哑不
辅振[p][t][k] [f][s][W][F] [h] [tF][tr][ts]
音 动
浊
辅
音
辅音连
缀
[pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl][sn][s l][sk][sp][sw][dw][hw][kw][tw]
[Wr] [pju:][bju :][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:][vju:][lju:][mju:] [nju:][hju:][zju
三、英语拼音怎么来拼读：(也就是单词的音标怎么读。与我们汉语拼音很相似)
（拼读规则：以元音为中心划分音节，按音节来拼读。）
拼读口诀：元音为中心，划分音节、 按音节拼读；多音节加重音、多音节一重多轻发音，
轻音节怎么轻怎么发音。重开音节读长音，轻闭音节 读短音。例子：he[hi:], name [neim],

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table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE], red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow,四、英
文字母和常见字母组合的发音规则（或一般规律）：
1. 为什么要掌握字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律？目的只有一个，让我们能够做到---
---见字读 音、音义结合。记住词形、服务拼写。第二步就是要反过来，学会语音认字（类似我
们的拼音认字），通 过多加练习，逐步达到听音写字、音义结合的水平。第三步是形义结合，
练习英语汉语意义对应翻译。
2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律：（要求熟记于心，脱口而出）
?总口诀： 元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。
字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。遇见生词找规律，划分音节顺口连，
元音字母在中间，辅音字母两边站，字母组合算一个，熟能生巧难亦简。
?辅音字母发音小口诀：辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。
b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s]; d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; h [h], j发[dV], k
l [k] [l]可分连; m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r];
s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please, sure[F], usually[V],
x 发音剪头端，[ks]多于[gz]面； six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam, (后接重读元音)
t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念； teacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash, whi
最后一个字母z，发好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,
?辅音字母一见发音表：
b
[b]

table
c
[k]cap
[s]city
rice
d
[d]

bed
dog

r
[r]
[-r]
rose
f
[f]

coffee
fly

s
[s]desk
[z]easy
[V]usually
g
[g]egg
[dV]
orange
h
[h]

j
[dV]

k
[k]

l
[l]
[-l]
m
[m]

n
[n]
[N]gk
high jeep book blue
ball
table
(y)
meet nose
room

z
[z]

pen
thank






blue bicycle

p
[p]


q
[k]

garbage hello Japan keep
[V]garage
t
[t]

sit

v
[v]


w
[w]


x
[ks] [j]yes
[gz] [ai]my
pencil quick voice wash box
[i]busy
zoo
very zero open quarter sorry pleasure


teacher invite swim exam
little
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teacher
[F]sure
quickly freeze

?常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀： 字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。
wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；
chtch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾)；
gedge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。
wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。{ 动词或复数词尾s es, 多发[s][z] 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}
例词： wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；chtch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾)； sh ---[ ] shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash
ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phrase gh ---[ ] right, light, daughter [ ] laugh, gedg
e 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];
(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥，稀饭)
ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back
kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织), ng 易发 [N]
[Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing [ ] English, hungry
qu ---[ ] quick, quite(相当，十分), quiet (安静的，平静的), quarter, require,
wr 发卷趋 [r], wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧，扭),
双写分节不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母：see, zoo, }
tstes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets boats(两个篮子小船), my coats shirts (我的
上衣衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫), many streets(许多街道), two tea-pots
(两个茶壶), some carrots (一些胡萝卜), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits,
dsdes---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads,
辅音连缀：pr ---[ ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,
pl---[ ] please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (丰富, 大量), plod(沉重地
走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上),
br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸，刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养),
bl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,
cr-kr---[ ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(摇篮), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀, [运动]板球)
cl-kl---[ ] class, claim((根据权利)要求得到, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要) clean, clear,
gr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的，温文尔雅)，green, great,
gl---[ ] glass, glad, gleam (发微光, 使闪烁), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球仪),

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fr---[ ] France, French, free, fresh (新鲜的, 无经验的), frequent (频繁的), friend (朋友),
fl---[ ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,热情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飞, 飘动), flares (喇叭裤),
sl---[ ] slave (奴隶), slander (诽谤), slaughter (屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀), sleep (睡眠, 睡觉),
sm---[ ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地),
sn---[ ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐小吃)), snail (蜗牛), snap (猛咬),
sk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览),
sp---[ ] space (空间, 间隔, 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain (西班牙),
st---[ ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)), stage (舞台,戏剧,举行),
sw---[ ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,垂花饰), 突然袭击),
sword(剑), swot(at.. for..up; vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人, 辛苦的工作),
dw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at..in...居住 停留于;
tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双, 二, 一对), twin(s),
thr---[ ] three, thread(线，细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹), threaten(恐吓, 威胁),
?字母L的两种读音口诀：音节开头发清音[l -], 音节末尾模糊音[- l],
[l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大个),
[- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell, level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il]
常见音节尾音总结：[i:l il el Al Ql El E:l C:l Cl u:l ul ail eil Ci
l iEl uEl aul Eul ]
[-pl -bl -tl -dl -kl -gl -fl -vl -sl -zl ]
[-pEl -bEl -tEl -dEl -kEl -gEl -fEl -vEl -sEl -zEl ]
?元音字母a e i(y) o u 的发音口诀： 元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。
重开音节多长音，[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:u :]来拼；重闭音节轻音短，[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]
a接r ss常发[B:A], 还有[ei][A] [CC:][i] [E]。e的发音首数[e]，空尾重[i:]轻[i][E]。
重开音节i发[ai]，重闭轻音短 [i][E]。o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音结尾[i]变来 。
ay ,ey, ouy，多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音须强化。
相近发音不规则，省力顺口是关键。相近强化加弱化，使得元音多变化。
例词：a--- [ ei B: A C: C E i ] 强化音[ei]，弱化音[E]a接r ss常发[B:A], 还
有[ei][A] [CC:][i] [E]。
name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:A], as [A], ass [A], fathe
r [B:], afterward(s) [B:E](然后, 后来), dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [AE], Ame

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rica [E], asleep, alone, afraid, banana [E B:E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what
[C], war [C:], orange [i],
e--- [ i: e i E -*(词尾空音) ] 强化音[i:]，弱化音[E i ] e的发音首数[e]，空尾
重[i:]轻[i][E]。
he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e],
umbrella [e], French [e], basket [i], women [i], pretty [i], the [E i:], children [E], op
en [E], hundred [E i:],
-*(词尾空音) ---- whose [z], house [s], nice [s], face [s], white [t], name [m], give
[v], side [d], wake [k], prize [z], fine [n], tube [b], orange [dV], employee [i:] (职工, 雇
员, 店员), apple [pl], table [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鹰),
i--- [ ai i: i E ] 强化音[aii:]，弱化音[E i] 重开音节发[i: ai]，重闭轻音短
[i][E]。
right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], b
eautiful [E], holiday [E],
o--- [ Eu Q C C:u: u E wQ-] 强化音[Eu C:u:]，弱化音[E]
o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], brother [Q], son [Q], mont
h [Q], dog [C], not [C], hot [C], sorry [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whos
e [u:], who [u:], do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u], policeman [E], today [E], occasi
on [E](场合, 时机, 机会), aeroplane [E], one [wQn], once [wQns], reservoir [`rezEvwB:],

u--- [ ju: Q u u: i ] 强化音[ju:u:]，弱化音[i]u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy
(i)加[u:][u]。
use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], m
um [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],
blue [u:],minute [i], busy [i]
y--- [ ai j i ] 强化音[ai]，弱化音[i] y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音结尾[i]变来。
your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai],
fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empt
y [i], busy [i], body [i], slowly [i],

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?常见元音字母组合发音口诀： 字母组合固定音，常受影响发音变；千锤百炼习语感。
组合爱发长双元(音(重读音节))；常受影响发音变；为了顺口图方便，近似发音相变换。
另有强化加弱化，多个字母省略念。外来古语不规则(发音)，熟读百遍字腔圆。
a--- ay [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday, [i] Sunday, Monday, …
ar [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular [pE`ti
kju:lE],
al [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, [B:] half,
[C:l Al El ]非组合式的情况：although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类, 海藻), algal [`Alg
El](adj.海藻的), algebra [Al`dVibrE] (代数学), signal [lsigEl](信号发信号, 用信号通
知),
au [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月), august [C:`gQst](令人
敬畏的, 威严的),
[C] because, [au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh,
air [ZE] air, chair, hair, pair, fair,
ai [ei] aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,),
aw [C:] draw, law, saw, awful, raw,
e--- ea [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head, [ei] great,
break, steak,
ee [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen,
ei [ei] eight, weigh, weight, [i:] receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺
骗, 谎言), receipt (收条, 收据, 收到), perceive (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit (原义;
自负, 幻想),
er [E:] her, herd(兽群, 牧群放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,), [E]
teacher, sister, brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,
ear [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者), [ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓),
[E:] early, earth, earn,
ere [iE] here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球), [ZE] there, ere (prepconj. 前于...; 在...
以前),
eir [ZE] their,
eer [iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, ,
ey [ei] they, grey, hey,

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ew [ju:] new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊),
i--- ir [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动),
ie [i:] piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, achieve(完成, 达到), chief(首
领, 领袖, 酋长, 长官主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的), grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸,
忧伤), relief((痛苦等的)减轻),
ire [aiE] tire(轮胎；使劳累), tired(累的，疲劳的), wire(金属丝, 电线),
igh [ai] right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight,
o--- or [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more, [E:] work, worker, [E] actor, doct
or, forget,
oa [Eu] boat, coat, goat, goal,
oo [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情绪,
语气, 状态),
[u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot [Q] blood, flood,
ou [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, m
ountain,
[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), [u:] you, through, rouge [r
u:V](擦口红胭脂), [u]would, could, should, [C:] cough,
ow [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower, [Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, t
hrow
oyoi [Ci] boy, toy, enjoy, employ, noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil,
our [au] our, flour(面粉) [C:] your, four, course,
ore [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee,
oor [C: JE] door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),
u--- ur [E:] turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市内的), suburb, suburb
ia (郊区居民),
ure picture, future[tFE], sure[FuE], pleasure, measure[VE],
ua [JE] usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生, 研究生),
非组合发音： graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大学)毕业), [jJE]January,
uy [ai] buy, guy,
五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读：

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1. 音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位，一个单位算一节 。连读起来轻重缓急，流
利有节奏，便于听说阅读。
2. 音节的结构、类型：口诀： 完全结构头中尾(音头音中音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含组
合)，缺头少 尾有开闭(音节)，e尾成音r音节。
开音节闭音节：以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节，以辅音结尾的是闭音节。
开音节(词) ：[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub
*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,
闭音节(词)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red, yes, egg, sit, it, b
egin(开始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸腾，煮沸，激动), cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉),
meet, woman,
r音节：元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成的独立的音节，也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节。
例如：far(远的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动, 激起), or,
for(为了，对于，因为，适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, ar?ti?cle(文章), or?der (命令, 定购,
定制；次序, 顺序,秩序), ur?gent (急迫的, 紧急的), ur?ban (城市的, 市内的),
成音节： 辅音字母(有时跟不发音弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发音的e)可
算作一个音节。
例如：la?bel ((贴)标签), pu?pil, pen?cil [sl], ta?ble, bi?cy?cle, lit?tle [tl], ap?ple [pl],
3. 划分音节口诀： 音节中心看母音，辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连，一靠后,
二分手；多个中间偏左 右，字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m –n(e)，前有辅音成音节。
例子：学会一眼识破音节数目，运用语音规则，做到见字读音。
闭音节：pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And],
eat [i:t],
开音节：he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea?cher [`ti:tFE], rea?dy [`redi], Ju?
ly [`dVu(:)lai],
ru?ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],
成音节： ta?ble [`teibl], ap?ple [pl], bot?tle [tl], mid?dle [dl], bi?cy?cle [`baisikl], pen
?cil [sl],
se?ven [`sevn], e?le?ven [i `lev(E)n],
不发音的e 尾：come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], giv
e [giv],（开音节的外形，多读长音。）

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4. 单词重音（重音符号ˊ）：双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音 节，其它读轻音。遇到
生词，有音标当然省事，但在无音标的情况下，至于哪个音节要重读，由于英语词 源、构
词、例外情况等诸多因素限制，不可能将每个生词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律：
重音口诀： 为了顺口有节奏，张口由大变到小(省气力)，大口长音多重读，还要保持身平
衡 (整个单词发音)，特别写法长又多(特别是写法很长的多音节词)，倒数第三多琢磨。(一般
是)前轻 ---中重----后又轻。哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重。
一般具体做法是：① 单音节都重读；这类单词很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, hous
e, bread
② 双音节词 ▲ (发长音或大口音重读, 这类单词很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`
ru:lE], `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi],
`open [`Eup
E
n], `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,
▲ (两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读; 这类单词很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `san
dwich, `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen, `Be
tty, `empty, `pretty, clever [`klevE], letter [ `letE],
▲ (带前后缀多词根重读。例如：a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side, be`hind,
`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building,
④ 多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读。带前后缀多词根重读。
例如：`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality, `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper,
suddenly, inter`national, `championship, `countable, `interesting, mechano`therapy (力学疗
法),
③ 合成词保持开头单词的重音：例如：policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream, `class
room, `schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek, `snakes-a
nd-`ladders,


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