国际标准音标及发音规则

国际标准音标及发音规
则

文档编制序号：[KK8UY- LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

48个国际音标表

Vowels
元音

i:
?

p

?

∫

i
ɑ:

b

e

?

e

ei

t

m

t∫

?

ai

d

n

d?

З:

?

Λ

u:

?

?:

??

z

j

dz

?i

??

k

?

tr

g

l

dr

a?

I?

e?

f

r

ts

v

h

s

w

Consonants

辅音

英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼音

元音

长元音 ɑ: ?: ??: i: U:

短元音 ?? e ? Λ ? ? ?

双元音 e?
??
a?
e?
a?

??
??


??
辅音10对

清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [?] [?] [ts] [tr] [ t? ]

浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [?] [dz] [dr] [ d? ]

3个鼻音 [m] [n] [?]

3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]

2个半元音 [w] [j]

有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。

关于语音的几个概念:
音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.

元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.
辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个

辅音.
开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e ,这时元音发字母本身的音。如:kite cake name bike
make take home plane shine
2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant
1 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team
mean speak clean piece receive ceiling


2) [i]发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy
dictionary defect decide delicious


3) [?] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man


4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk
hotel yes many any


5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world

6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author
delicious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson
Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men
listen Saturday

7) [Λ] 发音字母 u o ou oo
8) up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above
9)
trouble rough blood flood

10) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
11)
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full
prude

12) [?] 字母组合 oo ou u o
13) look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf
14)
15)
16) 10） [?:]字母组合 al or au our ar
17)
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport
door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter


11) [?] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash watch

12） [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm

13) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye

14) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town

15）[ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey

16) [??] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [??] 字母组合 eer ear
beer deer
ear near
here fierce idea
18) [??] 字母组合our ower
tour
19） [??] 字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy oil soil voice choice

20）[e?] 字母组合ear air ere

pear bear chair air fair there where care


2 容易混淆的元音
[?] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[au] [?:]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[?][Λ]
fan fun tan tun san son tank tun

3辅音
1) [p]pen pear play pig pour pull push


2) [b]book big boot bike bread break

3）[m] man make moon morning move come comb

4）[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone

5）[d] door dull desk dad food land

6) [t] tree two ten ton lent want


7) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean

8）[l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul

9）[g] girl good goal goat grade long language


10) [k] king kite key look cook book sky (k在s后浊化为g) (
card cat cream correct climb come (发音字母c)
fox box x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule scheme (字母组合ch)

11）[h] hot hop home house horse how who



12)[d?] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk

13）[t?] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
14）[?] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station
social special
sure
15）
16）[r] read red right run room write


发间字母k)

17 [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)


18)[z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose


19)[?] think thank three thirty tooth mouth


20) [e] that this thos

21）[j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow


22) [?] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening


23) [v] very evening even every voice vest


24) [w] when what where window wind wood


25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk


26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink


27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts

28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods

4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [?]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [e]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [?]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing

5字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
late private grade bake grape nation station page
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture

3）i [ ]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble 58英语学习
support suggest
6）c [ ] [ ]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [ ] [ ] [ ]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l [ ]
listen learn language collect English gorilla

world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [ ] [ ]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [ ] [ ]
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [ ] [ ] [ ]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [ ] [ ] [ ]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [ ] [ ]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear

15) er [ ] [ ] [ ]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16） ere [ ] [ ]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [ ] [ ]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or [ ] [ ] [ ]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [ ] [ ]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [ ] [ ]

hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [ ] [ ] [ ]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [ ] [ ]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow
24) se [ ] [ ]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [ ] [ ]
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than
26) sion [ ] [ ]
tension progression passion
provision conclusion television
27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见)
station nation translation attention
question