平行世界是什么意思-intellectual什么意思
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一、 英语音标发音表
英语国际音标共48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。
国际音标(英语语音)
前元音
单元音
元音
双元音
中元音
后元音
开合双元音
集中双元音
清辅音
浊辅音
清辅音
浊辅音
清辅音
浊辅音
(浊辅音)
(浊辅音)
(浊辅音)
[i:]
[?]
[u:]
[ei]
[i?]
[p]
[b]
[f]
[v]
[t?]
[d?]
[m]
[l]
[w]
[i]
[?:]
[u]
[ai]
[ε?]
[t]
[d]
[s]
[z]
[tr]
[dr]
[n]
[r]
[j]
[e]
[?]
[?:]
[?i]
[u?]
[k]
[g]
[?]
[?]
[ts]
[dz]
[?]
[?]
[?]
[a:]
[?u] [au]
[θ]
[?]
[h]
爆破音
摩擦音
辅音
破擦音
鼻音
舌则音
半元音
* *
[i:]字母组合 ee ea e ie --three tree green sheep
meet beef see seek eat tea
meat leave lead
teacher team mean speak clean piece
[?]发音字母 a
--bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black
back glad
flag shall man
[e]字母组合 ea e a--
head bread pleasure elephant electric remember
sell
shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
[]字母组合ir ur ear er or--girl shirt
skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn
murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn
earth heard
[ε]字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u--
teacher leader remember player speaker
farmer
powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious
gracious
pleasure familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today lesson control
around
account ago elephant manta banana Canada
[a:]
字母组合 ar a--car farm card arm garden fast class
last glass plant aunt
calm
[]发音字母 u o ou
oo--up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come
mother
dose brother love above trouble rough
flourish blood flood
[]字母组合 al or au our ar--
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short
more
lord horse for forty sport door floor
store author caught autumn four
mourn court
bought warm quarrel quarter
[]发音字母 o a--hot
lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash
watch
[u:]字母组合 oo o u--food moon room
gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two true
truth blue full prude
* *
[u]字母组合
oo ou u o--look good foot book wood should could
put full
bull pull push woman wolf
[ei]发音字母 a ay ea ai ey--name cake late gate
plane April play say may way
great break rain
paint plain they grey
[ai]发音字母 i y--bike fine
find die nine light night high my try fly eye
[au]字母组合 ou ow--house out flour ground account
count sound loud
around mouse flower down now
cow how town
[]发音字母 o ow oa--home cold go no
phone host ghost know low below
grow blow show
flow boat coat goal
[i]字母组合 eer ear--beer
deerear near here fierce idea
[]字母组合ear air
ere--pear bear chair air fair there where care
[u]字母组合our ower--hour tour flower shower
[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
[d]
door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
[k] king
kite key look cook book kitchen sky
[g] girl
good goal goat grade long language
[m] man
make moon morning move come comb
[n] pen ten
nine fine night noon moon clean
[] uncle bank
English think thank junk sing king morning
[l] long land lend lord fly flag black world
cold could goal soul
[r] read red right run
room write
[f] five fly fine flag frog fog
roof knife life wife cough laugh rough
[v]
very evening even every voice vest of
[s] six
sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf
* *
[z] zoo zebra zero zap close
nose hose suppose pause those
[] that this
those these though
[∫] sheep shoulder ship
shoe she brush wash nation attention
[h] hot
hop home house horse how who
[w] when what
where window wind wood
[j] yes year yell you
your yolk yellow
[] child chicken china chair
lunch ouch catch teach
[] age language
cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July
June
junk
[tr] tree country try treat
track trunk
[dr] dry dream drop drive drink
[ts] students boots boats goats nuts
[dz]
goods woods moods hoods
二、特殊单词发音:
元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree
green sheep meet beef see seek(ee)
* *
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean
speak clean
please(ea)
he she me(e)
piece receive ceiling (ie,ei)
2)
[i] 发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six
mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many
twenty happy dictionary
defect decide
delicious
3) 发音字母 a
bag hand
and ant happy hat map mad bad black back
glad
flag shall man
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
* *
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson
better bed
desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl
shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her
nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
* *
teacher leader remember player
speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor
author tractor
delicious gracious
pleasure familiar
collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson
Washington control polite around account ago
elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7)
[a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [ ] 发音字母 u o ou oo
* *
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) [ ]字母组合 al or au our ar aw
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door
floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel
quarter
draw saw flaw
* *
10) [ ] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot
fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash
11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon
room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do
two
true truth blue full
12) [u]
字母组合 oo ou u
look good foot book
should could
put full bull pull push
* *
woman wolf
13)
[ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late
gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
* *
house out flour ground
account count sound loud around
mouse
flower down now cow how town
16) [εu]
发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host
ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [ ] 字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice
choice
18) [iε] 字母组合 eer
* *
beer deer ear idea near here
fierce
19) [ ] 字母组合ear air
pear
bear chair air fair care there where
20)
[uε] hour tour poor flower shower
[ei]
[ai] [aU] [EU] [Ri] [i[] [Z[] [UE]
2
容易混淆的元音
[ ] [e]
bad bed hand
head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i:] [ei]
real rail greet great mean
main read raid
[e] [ai]
* *
bet bite red write said side
head hide
[aU] [ ]
house horse
loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor
count corn
[aU] [ ]
found
fond down done gown gone town ton
3辅音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog
dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook
book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
* *
card cat cream correct climb come account
accept (发音字
母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray
(发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long
language
7) [m] man make moon morning
move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine
night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank
English think thank junk
sing king
morning evening
10) [l] long land lend
lord fly flag black
world cold could
goal soul
* *
11) [r] read
red right run room write
12) [f] five
fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife (字母f)
cough laugh rough(字母gh)
physic
photo phone (ph)
13) [v] very evening
even every voice vest( 字母v)
of (字母f)
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss
case scarf (发音字
母s)
license city cease
cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
licence
piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap (z)
close
nose hose suppose pause those whose (se)
* *
16) [ ] think thank three
thirty tooth mouth
17) [ ] that this
those these though
18) [ ] sheep
shoulder ship shoe she brush wash (sh)
nation attention station
social
special
sure
19) [ ] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk
yellow
23) [ ] child chicken china chair
lunch ouch teach (字母组合
* *
ch)
catch watch match (字母组合tch)
24) [ ]
age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25)
[tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w]
vest west
vet wet vine wine very well
* *
[s] [ ]
sink think mass math miss
myth sort sought
[z] [ ]
close
cloth breeze breathe
[n] [ ]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
5 字母,组合音节发音规律
1)a [ei] [?] [ ]
[a:] [ ]
late private grade bake grape
nation station page
active hand bank fan
parent family glad flag
accept about
above formative machine cinema
*
*
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2)e [i:] [e]
[i] [ ] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret
she me he
letter left message generate
pebble
decide pretty previous result
restore
problem prosperous student
confident
active table late wife store
lecture
3)i [ai] [i]
high
price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
* *
4)o [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some
other mother honey company
today
tomorrow together control collect
lost
hot mock office soft honest
5)u [ju] [u]
[ ] [ ]
university refuse unique universe
huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support
suggest
* *
6)c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7)g [g] [ ] [ ]
girl grade glass
glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge
gentleman gym
long song sing morning
evening
8) l [l] 读音不同
listen
learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [ ]
* *
moon
night noodle number
uncle hungry angry
young
10) r [r] [ ](美语发音)
right
read write grade progress
card board
door floor form north
11)y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke
dying fly buy by my
12)ar [a:] [ ] [ ]
farm card garden mark
*
*
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [ ]
cease season
breathe feature meat please
bread breast
breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [ ] [ ]
learn earth earn heard
hear near
clear ear fear
15) er [ ] [ ] [ ]
* *
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious
experience mysterious fierce
16) ere [ ]
[ ]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [ ] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [
] [ ]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
* *
good foot stood wood wool
cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or [ ] [ ] [ ]
short form corn born for
work world
worm word worst
tractor doctor actor
sector senior senator
20) oor [ ] [ ]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [ ] [ ]
* *
hour
tour flour bourn lour
pour court four
mourn
22) ou [au] [ ] [ ]
house
mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble
touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [ ] [au]
window meadow
know show low
now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose
lose pose rose
* *
mouse
house
25) th [W] [T]
thank
think thought cloth
clothes that this
then than
26) sion [ ] [ ]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见)
station
nation translation attention
question
三、连续与爆破音
那么,什么是连读呢?
* *
在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如
果相邻的两个词前者以辅音
音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,
如:not at all如:Please take a
look at it.
I’m~an~English boy.
It~is~an~old book.
Let me have~a look~at~it.
Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday.
I called~you half~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on, please.
Not~at~all.
Please
pick~it~up.
“辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的
j和w是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音
结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是j开头,此时也要连读。
Thank~you.
Nice to meet~you.
Did~you get there late~again?
Would~you
like~a cup~of tea?
Could~you help me,
please?
“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个
词以元音开头
,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
* *
I~am
Chinese.
He~is very friendly to me.
She wants to study~English.
How~and why did
you come here?
She can’t carry~it.
It’ll take you three~hours to walk there.
The question is too~easy for him to answer.
爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍
而发出的音。这些音有6个,即p, b,
t, d, k和g。但在
某些情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音器官在
口
腔中形成阻碍,并稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这个爆破音
的准备,但不要发出音来),这样的发
音过程叫作不完全爆破。
6个爆破音有3对p,b,t,d,k,g
失去爆破,又
叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出
发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。
(1)“爆破音+爆破音” 型
6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2
个相临时,前
一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿
势,稍做停顿后即
发后面的爆破音。
The girl in the re(d) coat was on a
bla(ck) bike jus(t)
now.
* *
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of
people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every
morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a
bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t),
too.
We’re going to work on a farm nex(t)
Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or
bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but
it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in
the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book,
but it’s a goo(d) book.
“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其
后紧跟着某些
摩擦音(如f,s,W,T等),那么前面那个爆破音仅有
十分轻微的爆破,而后
面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。
Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.
Goo(d) morning, dear.
Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory
is qui(te) near to the cinema.
I wen(t)
there alone a(t) nine las(t) night.
-Do you
know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t)
know.
The forty-firs(t) lesson is
qui(te) difficult
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