英语字母读音细则带音标

英语国际音标表

一、英语字母发音表
A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:]
F f [ef] G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai] J j [d3ei]
K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [?u]
P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:]
U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d?blju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai]
Z z [zi:]

二、英语国际音标表 （48个）
元音（20个）
长元音
短元音
双元音
ɑ:
?
e?
??
?:
?
a?
a?
?:
?
??

i:
?
??

u:
?
e?


e
??


?



辅音（28个）
轻辅音
浊辅音
轻辅音
浊辅音
鼻 音
半元音
边 音

三、什么叫音节？
音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音 节，辅音发音不
响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [?] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组
就有几个音节。
四、如何划分音节？
①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音
节。
例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两 个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后
面一个音节，如果前面 一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。
例如：长音 pa-per stu- dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短音 sev- en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er

1
p
b
?
?
m
j
?
t
d
h
r
n
w

k
g
ts
dz
?


f
v
t?
d?



θ
?
tr
dr



s
z

五、什么是重读音节？
重读音节指的是单词中读音特别 响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应
使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记 读音时不需要使用重读符号。
六、什么叫开音节？
开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，相对开音节。
①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no she so hi
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音
节。例如：n am
e
thes
e
bik
e
hom
e
ex-cus
e
.
七、什么叫闭音节？
单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：ba
g
e
gg

fi
sh
no
t
cu
p

八、英语单词拼读规则

1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
a 在开音节中 [ei ] name plane Jane baby cake date
在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese be she
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [??] those close go note home no
在闭音节中 [ ?] clock not box shop shock hot
u 在开音节中 [ju:] excuse duty tune cute fume huge
在闭音节中 [ ?] bus cup jump much lunch nut
2. 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 (有以下几种读音，列表如下)
a [?] China ['t?ain?] another [?'n???] woman ['wum?n] breakfast ['brekf?st]
[i] orange ['?rind?] comrade['k?mrid] village['vilid?] cabbage ['k?bid?]
e [?] hundred ['h?ndr?d] student ['stju:d?nt] open ['?up?n] children ['t?ildr?n]
[i] chicken['t?ikin] pocket ['p?kit] begin [bi'ɡin] semester[si'mest?]

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i [?] holiday['h?l?di] beautiful['bju:ti?ful] family['f?m?ili] animal ['?ni?m?l]
[ai] exercise['eks?saiz] satellite ['s?t?lait]
o [?] second ['sek?nd] tonight [t?'nait] welcome['welk?m]
[ ?u] also['?:ls?u] zero['zi?r?u, 'zi:r?u] photo ['f?ut?u]
u [ ?] autumn ['?:t?m] difficult['difik?lt] support [s?'p?:t]
[ju] popular ['p?pjul?] January['d??nju?ri]
3.元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a在[w]音后面读 [ ?] want[w?nt] what[w?t] watch[w?t?]
wash[w??] quality ['kw?l?t?]
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前读 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i 在-nd -ld -gh前读 [ai] find bind mind child mild light high fight
o在-st -ld前读 [?u] most host postcard old cold sold hold
o在m n v th前读 [ ?] come monkey love mother
4. -r音节元音字母在重读音节中的读音
ar [ɑ:] car farm dark sharp large
ar在[w]音后面读[ ?:] warm quarter ['kw?:t?] toward [t?'w?:d]
or[?:] forty morning short sport north
or在[w]音后面读[ ?:] word worker worse world worm
er ir ur [ ?:] certainly['s?:t?nli] term bird sir Thursday nurse
5. -re音节元音字母在重读音节中的读音
are [ε? ] care dare hare pare bare ware
ere [i? ] here mere sere
ire [ai? ] fire hire wire tire dire sire
ore [ ?:] more score before pore
ure [ju? ] pure cure lure
6. 元音字母在重读音节中的读音

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aiay [ei] afraid rain wait day play way say
air [ε?] air hair chair pair repair fair
a l [?:l] small ball talk wall all always also salt almost
al 在f ，m前 [ɑ:] half calm palm balm
auaw [?:] autumn daughter draw saw paw raw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please seat reach
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great steak
ear [i?] hear dear near clear year sear tear
[ε? ] bear pear wear swear
[?:] earth learn early pearl search
ee [i:] eep [医][=end exhalation period]呼气末期
week green three tree need
eer [i? ] pioneer deer beer peer veer
eiey [ei] eight neighbour they ley
[i:] either key
ew [ju:] new few newspaper pew[pju:]座位，教堂长椅 mew[mju:] 猫叫
在j l r 后 [u:] flew brew crew drew jewelry ['d?u:?lr?] 珠宝，首饰
oa [?u] oat[??t] 燕麦 Joan boat goal coat coal
oaroor [?:] roar board aboard abroad blackboard door floor
moor[m?:(r)] 沼泽
oioy [?i ] noise point coin moist toilet boy toy soy joyful
oo I.重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。too(太;也),zoo(动物园) ,room(房间) 等;
II. 在辅音字母f, l, m, n, s前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学
校),soon(不久),goose(鹅)等。 有一个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);
III. 在字母t前的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿),
特例词:foot[u](脚);
IV. 字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(书),look(看),
特例词:food[u:](食物);

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V. 在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。
如:bedroom(卧室), classroom(教室)等;
VI. 在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[?]的音。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.

ouow [au] flower house count down mouth mountain allow sound brow
[?u] know row throw though follow below
[ ?] young country enough tough
[u:] group soup

our [?:] course your four pour
[au? ] our hour ours sour
ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] [jui][u:i] tuition学费，教学[tju:'i??n] suicide['sjuisaid]
fluid 液体[flu(:)id]
[u:] juice fruit suit
7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词
aiay eiey [i] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [?u] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [??n] impression[im'pre??n] congressional [k?n?gre??nl] 国会
nation emotion
-sion在元音字母后 [??n] vision['vi??n] decision occasion confusion
[k?n'fju:??n]
-tion在s后 [t??n] question['kwest??n] suggestion [s?ɡ'd?est??n]
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle ['w?sl]
-sure [??] pleasure measure treasure leisure ['le??(r)]

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-ture [t??] picture culture future lecture
8、辅音字母的读音
b [b] bike[ba?k] bus [b?s] bag[b?ɡ] Bible ['ba?bl]
在 m后不发音 [] bomb[b?m] tomb [tu:m] comb[k??m]
c [k] cake [ke?k] picture ['p?kt??(r)] coat[k??t] music ['mju:z?k]
c在e前或在iy前[s] face[fe?s] decide[d?'sa?d] cinema['s?n?m?]
cycle['sa?kl] piece[pi:s]
ch [t? ] much [m?t?] chick [t??k] rich[r?t?] teacher ['ti:t??(r)] check [t
?ek]
watch[w?t?] catch [k?t?] China['t?a?n?]
[k] school[sku:l] headache[?hede?k] chemistry['kem?str?]
technology [tek'n?l?d??]
[?] machine [m?'?i:n] Chicago [?i'kɑ:ɡ?u]
-ck [k] cock [k?k] pocket['p?k?t] black[bl?k] knock [n?k]
d [d] doctor[?kw?nt?ti] bread[bred] hand[h?nd] day[de?]
-dge [d?] bridge [br?d?] fridge[fr?d?] knowledge [?n?l?d?] edge[ed?]
dr- [dr] children ['t??ldr?n] driver ['dra?v?(r)] drink[dr??k] drama['drɑ:m?]
draw[dr?:]
f [f] five [fa?v] four[f?:(r)] breakfast ['brekf?st] frustrate[fr?'stre?t]
g g在e i y前 [d?] general['d?enr?l] manage ['m?n?d?] managing ['m?n?d???]
gym[d??m]健身房 gyp [d??p]大学校工
在a, o , 前 [g] bag [b?ɡ] garden ['ɡɑ:dn] guide[ɡa?d] gold
[ɡ??ld]
go[ɡ??]
gh [f] cough[k?f] enough [?'n?f] rough[r?f] laugh[lɑ:f] tough[t?f]
有时不发音 [] light [la?t] daughter [?d?:t?(r)] high[ha?] fight[fa?t]
sight[sa?t] 视野
gu- -gue [g] guess[ɡes] league[li:ɡ] 联盟，社团 dialogue['da??l?ɡ]
guitar[g??tɑ:(r)] guide[ɡa?d]
h [h] head[hed] house[haus] hand[h?nd] hot[h?t]
hundred['h?ndr?d]

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在o前面有时不发音 [] hour['a??(r)] honest[??n?st] honor['?n?(r)]
j [d?] jeep [d?i:p] jar [d?ɑ:(r)] joke[d???k] join[d???n]
July[d?u?la?] jam[d??m]
k [k] kind[ka?nd] bike[ba?k] skate[ske?t] make[me?k] week[wi:k]
kn- [n] knife[na?f] know
[n??]
knock[n?k] knew [nju:]
l [l] life [la?f] milk [m?lk] school [sku:l] tall[t?:l]
m [m] monkey['m??k?] come[k?m] example [?g?zɑ:mpl]
-mn [m] autumn[??:t?m] column[?k?l?m] solemn [?s?l?m]
n [n] not [n?t] shine [?a?n] ten[ten] note[n??t]
在[k] 音前[?] uncle['??kl] thank[θ??k] think[θ??k] angry['??ɡr?]
hungry ['h??ɡr?]
-ng [?] morning['m?:n??] young[j??] wrong [r??]
p [p] paper ['pe?p?(r)] plane[ple?n] pig[p?ɡ] ship[??p]
pen[pen]
sharp[?ɑ:p]
ph [f] elephant['el?f?nt] photo['f??t??] telephone ['tel?f??n] physical [?
kl]
q [k] Iraq[?'rɑ:k] Qatar ['k?tɑ:(r)] n 卡塔尔
qu- quality ['kw?l?t?] quite[kwait] quarrel 争吵[?kw?r?l]
quantity [?kw?ntiti] square
[skw??]

-que [k] cheque[t?ek]
r [r] red[red] rubber [?r?b?] ruler [?ru:l?]
s 在词首或清辅音前 [s] muscle['m?sl] science ['sa??ns]
sleep[sli:p] desk [desk] sister[?sist?]
元音字母间或浊辅音前，在元音字母u后面多数情况下读[z]
music['mju:z?k] husband['h?zb?nd] business[?b?zn?s] excuse[?k'skju:s]
refuse[r?'fju:z] 拒绝
sh [?] finish ['f?n??] wash[w??] fish [f??] shirt[??:t] shock[??k]
t 在通常情况下， [t] ten[ten] letter['let?(r)] meet[mi:t]

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f?z?

在弱读字母ia ie io前[ ?] patient ['pei??nt] nation ['nei??n] retia['ri:ti, 'rei--?i?]
tch [t?] watch [w?t?] catch [
k?t?]
match [m?t?] fetch[fet?]
th 在通常情况下 [θ] three [θri:] bath[bɑ:θ] think[θ??k]
math[m?θ] thirteen[?θ?:'ti:n]
在冠词、代词、介词和连词中[?] the[??] those[???z] with [w??]
though [??u] then [?en]
在词尾-the和-ther中 [?] mother['m???(r)] father
['fɑ:??(r)]
clothe[kl???]
tr- [tr] tree [tri:] train[tre?n] country[?k?ntri] truck [tr?k]
v [v] very['ver?] voice[v??s] love [l?v] leave[li:v]
w [w] week[wi:k] win[w?n] wake[we?k] sweet[swi:t]
wait[we?t]
不发音 [] answer['ɑ:ns?(r)] two[tu:]
wh- 在字母o前 [h] who[hu:] whose [hu:z] whole [h?ul]
其他 [w] what[w?t] when[wen] white[wa?t] why[wa?]
x [ks] box[b?ks] text[tekst] exercise['eks?sa?z]
express['eks?sa?z]
在重读元音前[gz] example[?g?zɑ:mpl] exist[?ɡ'z?st] exact[?ɡ'z?kt]
y- [j] yes [jes] yard[jɑ:d] yellow['jel??] young[j??]
z [z] puzzle ['p?zl] zero
['z??r??]
zoo [zu:]
ts [ts] cats[k?ts] lots[l?ts] pets [pets] boots[bu:ts]
ds [dz] beds [bedz] kids[kidz] deeds[di:dz] 行为



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