sf啥意思-八年级下册英语书人教版答案
1、英语音标发音表
国际音标(英语语音)
前元音 [i:] [i]
[e] [?]
单元音 中元音 [?] [?:] [?]
元音
后元音 [u:] [u] [?:] [?] [a:]
开合双元音
双元音
集中双元音
[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
[i?]
[ε?] [u?]
清辅音
爆破音
浊辅音
[p] [t]
[k]
[b] [d] [g]
清辅音
摩擦音
浊辅音
[f] [s] [?] [θ] [h]
[v] [z] [?]
[?]
辅音
破擦音
清辅音 [t?] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音 [d?] [dr] [dz]
鼻音 (浊辅音) [m] [n]
[?]
舌侧音 (浊辅音) [l] [r]
半元音 (浊辅音)
[w] [j]
英语国际音标共48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。
[i:]字母组合 ee ea e ie --three tree green sheep
meet beef see
seek eat tea meat leave lead
teacher team mean speak clean piece
[?]发音字母 a
--bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black
back
glad flag shall man
[e]字母组合 ea e a--
head bread pleasure elephant electric
remember
sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many
any
[]字母组合ir ur ear er or--girl shirt skirt
thirty thirteen
third bird turn burn murder
nurse turtle Thursday burger learn
earn earth
heard
[ε]字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u--teacher
leader remember player
speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious
gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together
tomorrow today lesson control around account
ago elephant manta
banana Canada
[a:]
字母组合 ar a--car farm card arm garden fast class
last
glass plant aunt calm
[]发音字母 u o ou
oo--up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come
mother dose brother love above trouble rough
flourish blood
flood
[]字母组合 al or au our
ar--small wall talk tall hall ball call
walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor
store
author caught autumn four mourn
court bought warm quarrel
quarter
[]发音字母 o
a--hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash watch
[u:]字母组合 oo o u--food moon
room gloom broom doom goose
tooth shoe do two
true truth blue full prude
[u]字母组合 oo ou u o--
look good foot book wood should could
put full
bull pull push woman wolf
[ei]发音字母 a ay ea ai
ey--name cake late gate plane April play
say
may way great break rain paint plain they grey
[ai]发音字母 i y--bike fine find die nine light
night high my
try fly eye
[au]字母组合 ou ow--
house out flour ground account count sound
loud around mouse flower down now cow how town
[]发音字母 o ow oa--home cold go no phone host
ghost know low
below grow blow show flow boat
coat goal
[i]字母组合 eer ear--beer deerear near
here fierce idea
[]字母组合ear air ere--pear bear
chair air fair there where
care
[u]字母组合our
ower--hour tour flower shower
[t] tree two ten
ton town twenty city
[d] door dull desk dose
do dog dictionary
[k] king kite key
look cook book kitchen sky
[g] girl good goal
goat grade long language
[m] man make moon
morning move come comb
[n] pen ten nine fine
night noon moon clean
[] uncle bank English
think thank junk sing king morning
[l] long
land lend lord fly flag black world cold could
goal
soul
[r] read red right run room
write
[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof
knife life wife cough laugh
rough
[v]
very evening even every voice vest of
[s] six
sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf
[z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose
pause those
[] that this those these though
[∫] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention
[h] hot hop home house horse
how who
[w] when what where window wind wood
[j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
[]
child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
[] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join
July June junk
[tr] tree
country try treat track trunk
[dr] dry
dream drop drive drink
[ts] students boots
boats goats nuts
[dz] goods woods moods hoods
time
[taim] n. 时间;时代;次数
what time
[w?t taim] 几点;什么时候
go to school
[ɡ?u tu: sku:l] 上学
get up
['get
?p] 起床
shower
['?au?] n. 淋浴;阵雨
take a shower
[teik ? ?au?] 淋浴,洗澡
usually
['ju:?u?li] adv. 通常,经常
o'clock
[?'kl?k] abbr. …点钟
work
[w?:k] n. 工作;职业
hour
['au?] n.
小时;时间;时刻
brush
[br??] n. 刷子
teeth
[ti:θ] n. 牙齿(tooth的复数形式)
after
['ɑ:ft?] prep. 在…之后
go to work
[ɡ?u
tu: w?:k] 去上班
get to
[get tu:] 到达
bus
[b?s] n. 公共汽车
hotel
[h??'tel] n. 旅馆
all
[?:l] n. 全部
night
[nait] n. 夜晚,晚上
love
[l?v] vt. 爱;热爱
listen
['lis?n]
vi. 听
home
[h?um] n. 家;住宅
morning
['m?:ni?] n. 早晨,上午
go to bed
[ɡ?u
tu: bed] 上床睡觉
job
[d??b] n. 工作
am
[?m] v. 上午
afternoon
['ɑ:ft?'nu:n] n. 下午,午后
evening
['i:vni?] n. 晚上;黄昏
homework
['h?umw?:k] n. 家庭作业
do home work
[du: 'h?umw?:k] 做作业
go home
[ɡ?u
h?um] 回家
letter
['let?] n. 信
around
[?'raund] prep. 在…附近;大约;
start
[stɑ:t] v. 开始;出发
write
[rait] v. 写;写作
tell
[tel] vt.
告诉;讲述;吩咐
me
[mi:] pron. 我(宾格)
soon
[su:n] adv. 不久;一会儿;立刻
英语朗读技巧
(一)什么是连读。
在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果
相邻的两个词
前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成
一个音节,这就是连读。连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可
以加音,也不可以读
得太重。如:not at all这个短语。连读时听起来就像是一个单
词。注意:连读只发生在句子
中的同一个意群中。在两个意群之间即使有两个相
邻的辅音和元音出现,也不可连读。如:Please
take a look at it.这个句子中
take a look at it是同一个意群
,那么take与a可连读,look与at可连读,at与it可
连读。在There is a
book in
it.一句中book与in往往不连读,因为book与in分
别在两个不同的意群中。
(二)连读的详细情况
1. 辅音+元音”型连读
在同一个意群中,相邻的两个词,前者以
辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,往
往要拼在一起连读。如:
He is a
student. (is与a要连读)
That is a right answer.
(That与is, is和a, right和answer都可以连读)
I'll be
back in half an hour. (back和in, half和an,
an与hour都可以连读)。
That’s why I picked it up from
the waste paper basket and left it on the
desk.(Cet4 07.0).
You clean it up
yourself.(Cet4 06,6,12)
2. “rre+元音”型连读
在同一个意群中如果前一个词是以-r或者-
re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,
这时的r或re不但要发r,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
如:here and there连读时往往读作。hiEr End `TZE 。a pair
of shoes连读
时读作E `pZEr Ev `FU:z.
They’re my
father~and mother.
I looked for~it here~and
there.
There~is a football under~it.
但是,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连
读。
The black clouds are coming nearer and
nearer.(nearer与and不可连读)
There was never a
fight. (Cet4 06,6,11)
But at least he doesn’t
keep patients waiting for hours. (Cet4 06,6,3)
(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读
语音中的j和w是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后
一个词是以半元
音,特别是j开头,此时也要连读。
Thank~you.
Nice to meet~you.
Did~you get there
late~again?
Would~you like~a cup~of tea?
Could~you help me, please?
(4)“元音+
元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两
个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到
一起。
I~am Chinese.
He~is very friendly to
me.
She wants to study~English.
How~and
why did you come here?
She can’t carry~it. <
br>(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的
辅音与元音出现,
也不可连读。
Is~it a~hat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)
There~is~a good book in my desk.
(book与in之间不可以连读)
Can you speak~English or
French? (English与or之间不可以连读)
二、 音的同化
音的同化也
是一种连读的现象,两个词之间非常平滑的过渡,导致一个音受
临音影响而变化。主要是以下三种方式:
1、 辅音[d]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[dэ]:Would you....?
2、 辅音[t]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[t∫]: Can’t you:。。。。?
3、 辅音[s]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[∫]: Miss you
4.
辅音[z]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[э]: because you
四、 浊化
1、[S] 后面的清辅音要浊化
Discussion: [k] 浊化成 [g]
Stand: [t] 浊化成[d]
Expression: [p]浊化成 [b]
2、美音中:[t] 在单词的中间被浊化成[d]
如: writer, 听起来和
rider 的发音几乎没有区别
letter—ladder
点击二:不完全爆破
(一)什么是不完全爆破。
爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。这
些音有6个,即p, b,
t, d, k和g。但在某些情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲
破阻碍,而只是发音器官在口腔中形成
阻碍,并稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这
个爆破音的准备,但不要发出音来),这样的发音过程叫
作不完全爆破。
(二)不完全爆破的详细情况
1. p, b, t, d,
k, g这6个爆破音中的任何两个音素相邻时,前者发不完
全爆破音,后者则要完全地。彻底地进行爆
破。如:
1) He has a ba(d) col(d) today.
2) You shoul(d) ta(k)e care of the children.
Gla(d) to meet you.
2.爆破音p, b, t, d, k,
g在
[t?]
, d, w, t的前面时不完全爆破。如:
1) Have
you rea(d) the book abou(t) tha(t) child。
2)
The thir(d) chair is broken.
3.爆破音p, b, t,
d, k, g在m, n, l, s的前面时不完全爆破。如:
1) Goo(d)
morning, sir.
2) Goo(d) night.
3) They are very frien(d)ly to us.
注意:不完全爆破可以发生在单词、短语或句子中
because
[bi'k?z] conj. 因为
description [di'skrip??n]
n. 描述,描写
word [w?:d] n. 单词;话语
teacher
['ti:t??] n. 教师
Mrs ['misiz] n. 夫人,太太
partner ['pɑ:tn?] n. 搭档,合作者
city
['siti] n. 市,城市
dad [d?d] n. 爸爸
Tuesday ['tju:zdi] n. 星期二
Thursday
['θ?:zdi] n. 星期四
Wednesday ['wenzdi] n.
星期三
Friday ['fraidi] n. 星期五
Monday
['m?ndi] n. 星期一
biology [bai'?l?d?i] n.
生物(学);生态学
busy ['bizi] a. 忙(碌)的
next
[nekst] a. 下一个的;贴近的
strict [strikt] a.
严格的;严厉的
tired ['tai?d] a. 疲劳的,累的;厌倦的
Miss [mis] 小姐 (冠于未婚女子前的称呼)
ask [ɑ:sk]
v. 问,询问;要求;邀请
any ['eni] a. 任何的;一些
dog
[d?ɡ] n. 狗
around [?'raund] prep. 在附近,到处;
America [?'merik?] n. 美国;美洲
so [s?u]
adv. 如此,这么
China ['t?ain?] n. 中国
before [bi'f?:] prep. 在…以前
hobby
['h?bi] n. 业余爱好,嗜好
today [t?'dei] n.
今天;现今
life [laif] n. 生命;生活
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