英语国际音标分类四线三格书写

音素分类



元
音

声
带
振
动

单前元音
音
口
中元音
形
不
后元音
变
双合口
元双元音
音
合口
口
双元音
形
集中
变
双元音
爆
破
音
摩
擦
音
破
擦
音
清
浊
清
浊
清

音标书写

音位音长
扁唇形，舌尖抵下齿，依次张大
圆唇，舌悬空中高，依次张大
扁圆唇，舌后缩底高，依次张大
前长后短，前重后轻，首音长三分之二，次音三分之一，
从首音滑向次音，一到即止。
[ i: ][ ? ][ e ][ ? ]
[ ?: ] [ ? ?
[u:][?][?:][?][ɑ:]
[e?] [??] [a?]
[??] [a?]
[??] [??] [e?]
[ p ] [ t ] [ k ]
[ b ] [ d ] [ g ]
[ s ][
θ
? ]


辅
音

声
带
振
动
或
无
振
动

腔
阻
成
音
1.双唇闭，气冲成音
2.舌尖抵上齿龈，弹舌成音
3.舌后部抵软鄂，咳气成音
1. s z双唇微张，舌尖平近上齿，气流缓出舌齿间，
2. ???双唇微张，舌尖平抵上齿龈冲舌成音
3.????圆唇微突出，舌尖微上卷近上齿龈，送气成音
4.????上齿轻咬下唇，气出唇齿，摩擦成音.
口舌摆好首音音位，尽力发出次音，即可成音
[ z ][ ? ][ z ][ ? ]
?

浊
半元音
[ dr ][ d? ][ dz ]
[ w ] [ j ]
[ l ] [ h ] [ r ]
[m] [n] [?
1. W稍圆突唇舌后抬起，嘴唇滑向两边，振动
2. j扁唇微笑，舌尖抵下齿，舌面贴上鄂，振动，
3. 两音长很短，一出即滑至后音
1.l舌抵上齿龈，稍弯，气出舌两边成音，振动
2.h 嘴唇自然张开，呵气成音，声带不振动
3.r舌关上卷悬中，圆唇稍突，冲舌成音,振动
???双唇紧闭，舌尖平悬，气出鼻腔振动
???双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气出鼻腔，振动
??双唇张开，舌尖抵下齿龈，舌后自然升顶，气出鼻
腔，
似摩音
鼻音

语
流
音
变
浊化
失爆
连读
两清辅音相连，后清变浊，

[sp] →[sb] [st] →[sd] [ sk] →[sg] [ str] →[sdr]
speak spy study star sky school screen street
两爆相连，爆擦相连，前音
失爆

前词辅音尾，后词元音头，
Blackboard bookcase bedside cardboard footbridge
Come back tomorrow. I don’t think so.
Not at all. There is, on it, in an office ,in English,

连读成一词
Get out, all over, first of all,


英语国际音标新旧对照表
Vowels
元音20个
新
旧
新
旧
i：
i:
?
?
无
变
化

Consonants
辅音28个
? e ? ?:
i e ? ?:
a: e? a? ??
ɑ: ei ai ?i
p b t d k
? ? m n ?
? ? t? d?
? ? u: ?
? ? u: u
?? a? ?? e?
?u au i?
ε
?
g f v s
l r h w
tr dr ts
?:
?:
??
u?
z
j
dz
英语国际音标四线三格书写规范
长元音

短元音

双元音

轻辅音

浊辅音

轻辅音

浊辅音

鼻音

半元音

舌侧音
[

i
:
]

[
u
:
]

[

?
:
]

[
?
:
]

[
ɑ
:
]


[
?
[
?
[
?
[
?

]

[
e
]


e? ??
















































?
]

[

?

]

a? ?? ?? e? ?? a?

p

t




dr




r




k f ? s
θ


b

d g v ? z ?
tr h



m




w
ts t?
dz d?








n ?

j






?

含糊音

?

英语国际音标音源练习
一.单元音：vowels（12个）
1.[ i:] A: Tea or coffee? ruler
B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please. ar: sugar
e: me be she he we evening see or:doctor
ee: sweet bee sweep sheep sleep three green a:panda about above camera sofa China
ea: meat read leaf sea pea teach eat clean e: open
ie, ei, eo: piece, ceiling, people ure: picture
2.[ ??][ i ] His little sister is sitting in the middle. 7. [ ??] Come to the front on the double.
i: is English pig fish in fifteen six ship thin o: son come colour love money
e: begin behind jacket basketball u: sun nut jump gum us bus brush
y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny supper duck
lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy ou: touch cousin country
rainy 8.
[ u:]
How do you do? You look really cool.
ey: monkey money o: do who whose
ay: Sunday Saturday Friday oo: food moon too soon
比较：--eat 2. live—leave 3. fill—feel
ui: fruit juice
4. seat—sit 5. tree—trip —bee u: ruler rude
7. sheep—ship 8. deed—did 9. live—leave ou:soup
10. feed—fit 11. pea—pit 12. rid—read oe:shoe
13. street—strict 14. sleep—slip 9.[ ?

][
u
] Look at the cookbook. It’s really good.
3.[ e ] Good, better, best. Never let it rest. o:woman wolf
Till good is better. And better best. oo:look good book foot wood classroom
e: egg bell desk leg red pet then ten pen u:bull bullet
ea: bread head breakfast 10.[ ?:] My daughter who’s forty-four is a lawyer.
ai: again a: water
4.[ ? ] Cat, cat! Catch that black rat! aw:draw strawberry
a: dad hat cap bag cat can bad apple bag flag al:ball wall call
hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map or:horse morning corn fork or short
Compare: oor:floor door
1. bet--bat 2. pat—pet 3. bag—beg au: autumn
4. sat—set 5. neck--lack 6. sad—said ar: warm
—bed —dead —led 11. [
?
][ ??] The little pot is so hot.
10. fad—fed o: fox coffee dog shop dog
5. [
?:
][
?:
] The early bird catches the worm doctor long sorry
first. a: watch what
er: her serve term 12.[
a:
] It’s far to the farm from the park.
ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt a: grass glass class plant dance
ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain fast father last half
ear:early learn ar: car star arm park March hard garden
or: word work world dark scarf
6. [
?

] The farmer’s sister is a doctor. au: laugh aunt ear: heart
er:teacher clever brother dinner father sister

[ k ] Don’t kit the kitten.
二.双元音（8个）：
[ g ] A good beginning makes a good ending.
13. [e?] [
ei
] Rain, rain go away. [ f ] If you buy fish, make sure it’s fresh.
Little Johnny wants to play. [ v ] Victor is very clever.
a: cake make name game snake gate [ s ] Sandy has a new swimming suit.
lazy [ z ] What size of shoes does Daisy wear?
ai: rain train wait [
?
] Thank you for your table cloth.
ay:day May play taday way [
?
] Those are far and these are near.
ea: great [
?
] Wash the fish, please.
14.[ ?? ] [ ?
i
?] Soybean oil is my choice. [ ?] pleasure, television
oi: oil boil coin point [ t? ] He teaches children how to play chess.
oy: boy toy [d?] John likes to tell jokes.
15.[ a??][
ai
] Out of sight, out of mind. [ tr] There’re lots of trucks in the street.
i: kite bike nice tiger write idea knife [dr] He likes strong drinks.
five [ ts] The students are wearing white shirts.
y: by cry fly my sky try why goodbye [dz] Take away your dirty hands
ie: tie pie
鼻音
uy: buy [m] May I have some milk, mum?
16. [ ?? ][
?
u
] Go and open the window, Joe, [ n] Nora knows the new comer.
and show me the photo. [ ?] Lingling is listening to the song.
o: nose rose poem old over hello Compare: n [ n ] ng nk [ ?]
oa: boat coat soap goat in—ink sin-sing thin ---thing
ow: show window snow bowl than—thank son---song
17. [ a? ] [
au
] I found a mouse in the house.
摩擦音
ou: house mouse mouth trousers about round [ h] have hot who whole hate house
ow: flower cow how now down town Helen holds her hands.
18. [ ?? ] [
i
? ] We are near the end of the year.
[ r ] read write wrong
ear: ear hear tear year
eer: deer beer
舌边音
ea: really[ l ] land world little middle castle puzzle
19.[
e?
?][
ε
?
] Where there is a will, there is a way.
What a beautiful bicycle!
air: hair chair pair
半元音
ear: pear bear wear [ w ] wall what answer
ere: there The homework every week is very hard.
eir: their [ j ] yes yellow year your skirt is wet.

are :careful
20. [ ???][
u
?
]It’s sure to be good for the tourists.
oor: poor
our: tour February ure: sure pure

三.辅音 Consonants (28个)
[ p ] Practice makes perfect.
[ b ] Barry found a big bug on her bed.
[ t ] Thisis a hat, that’s a cap.
[ d ] The doorman told David to go down.