48个国际音标对应字母组合

实用标准文档
48个国际音标对应字母组合
1 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:①ee ②ea ③e ④ie ei
①ee:
three[θri:]（三） tree [tri:]（树） green [ɡri:n]
（绿色）
sheep [?i:p]（绵羊） meet [mi:t] （遇见、会见）
②ea:
eat [i:t] (吃、吃饭) tea [ti:]（茶、茶叶） meat [mi:t]（肉、
肉食）
please [pli:z]（请、使高兴） teacher [
,
ti:t??]（老师）
③e:
he [hi:, i] (他) she [?i:, ?i]（她） me [mi:, mi]（我，宾
格）
be[bi:, bi]( [be v-ing]构成进行式)
④ieei:
piece [pi:s]（片, 块）receive [ri
，
si:v]（收到, 接到）
ceiling .[
，
si:li?] (天花板, 顶棚)

2) [i] 发音字母:①i ②y ③e
①i :
sit [sit] ((使)坐) it [it] (它) is .[iz;z;s]
(是)
six .[siks] (六;六个(人或物)) pig [piɡ] (猪) big.[bi
ɡ]( 大的)
②y :
any [
,
eni]( 一点, 一些) dictionary [
‘
dik??n?ri]( 词典,
字典)
twenty .[
‘
twenti:,
,
tw?n ti:] (二十;20) myth .[miθ]( 神话)
happy [‘h?pi]( 愉快的, 高兴的) many [
‘
meni]( 许多, 多
的)
③e :
defect .[di
,
fekt]( 缺点, 过失) decide .[di
,
said] (下决心;
(使)决定)
delicious .[di’li??s]( 美味的, 可口的)
3) [?] 发音字母: a
a : bag .[b?ɡ] (袋, 包) hand .[h?nd] (手) and .[?nd, ?nd]( 和,
与)
happy .[
,
h?pi] (愉快的, 高兴的) black .[bl?k] (黑色的, 黑
暗的)
4) [e] 字母组合: ①ea ②e ③a
①ea : head .[hed]( 头部 ) bread .[bred]( 面包 )
breakfast .[
，
brekf?st]（早餐） weather .[
，
we??]（天气）
②e : desk .[desk]（书桌, 办公桌） bed .[bed]（床, 床位）
lesson .[
，
les?n] （功课, 课） better .[
，
bet?]（更好的）
③a : any [
,
eni]( 一点, 一些) many [
,
meni]( 许多, 多的)
5) [?:] 字母组合: ①ir ②ur ③ear ④er ⑤or
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①ir ： girl .[ɡ?:l] （女孩、少女） shirt .[??:t]（衬衫、衬
衣）
bird .[b?:d]（小鸟） first .[f?:st]( 第一, 最早,
首先)
②ur ： turn .[t?:n](翻转、旋转) burn .[b?:n]（燃烧）
murder .[
，
m?:d?] （谋杀; 谋杀案）nurse
③ear ： learn earn earth heard early
④er ： term her serve
⑤or ： work worm word world worth
6) [?] 字母组合: er or ou ur ar o a e u
er: teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
or: doctor actor mayor author tractor
ou: delicious gracious
ur: pleasure Saturday
ar: familiar collar dollar
o: together tomorrow today lesson control polite
a: around account ago elephant banana chin
a

e: policemen listen
u: famulus
7) [a:] 字母组合: ar a au al
ar: car farm card arm garden
a: fast class last glass plant
au: aunt
al: calm
8) [?] 发音字母: u o ou oo
u : up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
o: come mother does brother love above
ou: trouble rough flourish
oo: blood flood
9) [?:]字母组合: al or au our ar aw ough
al: small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
or: short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
au: author caught autumn
our: four mourn court bought
ar: warm quarrel quarter
aw: draw saw flaw
ough: bought
10) [?] [?]发音字母: o a
o: hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
a: want wash
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11) [u:] 字母组合: oo o u
oo: food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
o: shoe do two
u: true truth blue full
12) [u] 字母组合: oo ou u o
oo: look good foot book
ou: should could
u: put full bull pull push
o: women whose
13) [ei] 发音字母: a ay ea ai ey
a: name cake late gate plane April
ay: play say may way
ea: great break
ai: rain paint plain
ey: they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母: i y
i: bike fine find die nine light night high
y: my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合: ou ow
ou: house out flour ground sound loud around mouse
ow: flower down now cow how town
16) [?u] 发音字母: o ow oa
o: home cold go no phone host ghost
ow: know low below grow blow show flow
oa: boat coat goal
17) [??] 字母组合:oy oi
oy: boy toy joy
oi: oil soil voice choice
18) [i?] 字母组合: eer, ea, ear, ea, ear, er, ier
eer: beer deer
ea: idea
ear: ear near
ere: here
er, ier: fierce
19) [e?] 字母组合: air ear are ere
air: pair chair air fair
ear: bear
are: care
ere: there where
20) [u?]
tour poor
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2 容易混淆的元音:
⑴[?] [e]
①bad bed ②hand head ③man men ④land lend ⑤pan pen




⑵[i:] [ei]
①real rail ②greet great ③mean main ④read raid
⑶[e] [ai]
①bet bite ②red write ③said side ④head hide
⑷[au] [?:]
①house horse ②loud lord ③south sauce ④cloud clause ⑤now nor
⑸[au] [?]
①found fond ②down done ③gown gone ④town ton
3辅音:
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k]
发音字母k: king kite key look cook book kitchen sky
发音字母c: card cat cream correct climb come account
accept
发音字母x: fox box oxygen x-ray [ks]
发音字母ch: school schedule schema
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [?]
n: uncle bank think thank junk
ng: English
ing: sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f]
f: five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
gh: cough laugh rough
ph: physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
14) [s]
发音字母s : six sit student same seat kiss miss case
发音字母c : license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate
发音字母ce: licence piece juice science lance space ace
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15) [z]
z: zoo zebra zero zap
s: close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [θ] th: think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [?] th: that this those these though
18) [?] sh: sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
ti: nation attention station
ci: social special
s: sure
19) [?] s: pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [t?] ch: child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
tch: catch watch match
24) [d?]
ge: age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
j: joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
29)[kw]

qu: quarrel quarter
4容易混淆的辅音:
⑴[v] [w]
①

vest west ②vet wet ③vine wine ④very well
⑵[s] [θ]
①

sink think ②mass math ③miss myth ④sort sought
⑶[z] [?]
①

close cloth ②breeze breathe
⑷[n] ?]
①

thin thing ②sin sing ③ran rang ④ban bang ⑤win wing
5 字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [?] [?] [a:] [?:]
[ei]: ate grade bake grape nation station page
[?]: active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
[?]: accept about above formative machine cinema
[a:]: cast last glass class past father
[?:]: wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [i] [?] ，不发音
[i:]: appreciate extremely secret she me he
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[i]: decide pretty previous result restore
[e]: letter left message generate pebble
[?]: problem prosperous student confident
不发音: active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai] [i]
[ai]: high price library ice cream wife size line
[i]: fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [?u] [u:] [?] [?] [?]
[?u ]: lode host cold note okay old home
[u:]: lose do who whose prove
[?]: love some other mother honey company
[?]: today tomorrow together control collect
[?]: lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju:] [u] [?] [?]
[ju:]: university refuse unique universe huge
[u] : put push pull full bull
[?]: but brush bucket duck bubble
[?]: support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
[k]: country camp camera courage cable
[s]: city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [d?] [?]
[g]: girl grade glass glade bag flag
[d?]: (ge g) village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
[? ]: (ng ing) long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同:
[l]: listen learn language collect English gorilla
卷舌： world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [?]
[n]: moon night noodle number
[?]: uncle hungry angry young (ng)
10) r [r] [ [ ] (美语发音)
[r]: right read write grade progress
卷舌：card board door floor form north
11）y [ j ] [ i ] [ai]
[ j ]: yellow year yell young
[ i ]: university country pretty happy
[ai]: dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [?] [?:]
[a:]: farm card garden mark
[?]: dollar
[?:]: warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i?]
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[i:]: cease season breathe feature meat please
[e]: bread breast breath meadow weather
[ei]: great break
[i?]: idea realize
14) ear [?:] [i?]
[?:]: learn earth earn heard
[i?]: hear near clear ear fear
15) er [?:] [?] [i?]
[?:]: deserve serve her person
[?]: teacher driver anger singer
[i?]: serious experience mysterious fierce
16）ere [i?] [ε?]
[i?]: here mere fere sere
[ε?]: there
17) ir [?:] [ai]
[?:]: shirt girl skirt
[ai]: admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [?] [?:]
[u:]: room tool cool moon noon goof food
[u]: good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
[?]: blood flood
[?:]: door floor
19) or [?:] [?:] [?]
[?:]: short form corn born for
[?:]: work world worm word worst
[?]: tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [?:] [u?]
[?:]: door floor
[u?]: moor poor boor
21) our [u?] [?:]
[u?]: hour tour flour bourn lour
[?:]: pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [?] [?]
[au]: house mouth mouse sound found
[?]: enough trouble touch
[?]: delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [?u] [au]
[?u]: window meadow know show low
[au]: now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
[z]: nose suppose gose lose pose rose
[s]: mouse house
25) th [θ] [?]
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[θ]: thank think thought cloth
[?]: clothes that this then than
26) sion [??n] [??n]
[??n]: propulsion tension progression passion
[??n]: protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [??n] [t??n](不常见)
[??n]: station nation translation attention
[t??n]: question

6关于语音的几个概念:
Phonics 是一种(方法), 是教育学习者从字母排列中去拼读出单个字来。
AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Language（简称AHD）
KK音标是一套(注音符号系统),是由John Samuel Kenyon 和 John Albert
Knott两位美国学者共同编著的发音词典A Pronouncing Dictionary of
American1956中用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威
的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。
DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing
Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来.
英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。
它们代表了被称为“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（标 准读音）的读音，这
在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。
1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家
便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPA—International
Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符
号所产生的不便。
国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标 (DJ) 和美式发音的
KK音标，前者乃根据Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing
Dictionary, 1963)，后者则是根据John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的
美语发音字典 (A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。值
得一提的是，KK音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号 (IPA) 而来，
Kenyon & Knott二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。

音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.

音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.

元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中
有20个元音.

辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英
语中有28个辅音.

开音节:
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1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane
shine

2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello

闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head

2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant


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