英语48个国际音标表文档终版

48个国际音标表
长元音
元 12个单元音
短元音
音
[i] [?] [?] [u]
[?]
[e] [?]
8个双元音 [ai] [ei] [?i]

[i?]
[ ??]
[?u] [u?] [au]
清辅
[p] [t] [k]
10
音
对
浊辅
辅
音
音
3个鼻音 [m] [n] [?]
3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]
2个半元音 [w] [j]

Consonants 辅音部分（共28个）







成
对
辅
音
（
10
对
）
清
辅
音
[p]
[t]
[k]
[f]
浊
辅
音
[b]
[d]
[g]
[v]
音
标
[p]
[b]
[t]
[d]
[k]
[g]
[f]
[v]
[θ]
[?]
[s]
发音
字母
p
b
t
d
k, c, ck, ch
g
f, ph, gh
v
th
th
s, c (在e, i,
y前)
z, s
sh, s
s(ion),s(ure)
ch, tch
j, ge, dge
tr

[i:] [?:] [?:] [u:]
[ɑ:]

[f] [s] [θ] [? ] [t?] [tr] [ts]
[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz]
[
θ
]
[?]
[s] [z]
pen, map, paper, apple
bag, job, rubber, baby
toy, time, sister, letter
desk, bed, middle, cleaned
book, cake, clock, school
go, give, big, egg
Film, off, after, phone, elephant, laugh, enough
have, seven, very, river
month, thank, thin, three
this, the, there, than, brother, mother, with
Small, class, face, city, bicycle, voice
zoo, size, please, lose, busy, girls, plays
ship, wash, English, sure
television, pleasure
chair, teacher, match, watch
jeep, job, orange, college, fridge
tree, trousers, country, try
1
[z]
[?] [?] [?]
[?]
[t?] [d?[t?]
]
[d?]
[tr] [dr] [tr]

[ts]


不
成
对
辅
音
6
个
[dr]
[dz] [ts]
[dz]
浊
辅
音

[r]
[l]
[m]
[n]
[?]
发音字母
dr
ts
ds
drill, driver, dry, hundred
its, seats, visits, cats
hands, heads, finds, needs
例词 清
辅
音
[h]





h, wh (o)
r, wr
l~, ~l
m
n, kn
ng, n(k)
he,
red, grandma, write, wrong
let, little, ball, ill, child
name, room, money, summer
near, nine, know, knock, knife
long, sing, think, thank monkey

半 音 发音字母
原
[w] w, wh we, work, why, white, what, where
音
[j] y Year, yes, yellow, yet, young, you
2


注意: 1. qu [kw] quick, quite
2. X [ks] box, text, exercise
X [gz] exam, example (X 后接重读元音)

拼读下列单词，注意读准每个音素
1. [i:] [fri:] [kli:n] [?i:z] [spi:k] ['t?a?'niz] ['ti:p?t] [wi:]
2. [i] [bit] [bid] [int?] ['fini?] ['midl] [i'levn] ['litl]
3. [e] [frend] [nekst] ['prez?nt] [in'sted] ['mesid?]
4. [?] [r?n] [bl?k] [s?d] ['h?pi] ['gr?m?] ['f???n] ['t?ksi]
5. [ɑ:] [pɑ:s] [ɑ:sk] ['ɑ:tist] ['bɑ:skit] [lɑ:d?] [grɑ:s]
6. [?] [l?st] [kr?p] [f?'g?t] [?'kl?k] [' d?kt?] ['n?v?l]
7. [?:] [k??t] [fl??] ['??t?m] ['dr??i?] [sp??t] ['w??f??]
8. [u] [kuk] [fut] [stud] [?ud] ['wudid] ['pudi?] [ful]
9. [u:] [ru?m] [d?u?n] [blu] [sku?l] ['tru?li] [smu?θ] ['bju?ti]
10. [?] ['k?l?] ['r???n] ['w?ri] ['k?ntri] ['??kl] ['m???] ['p?blik]
11. [?:] [?:θ] [t?: n] [w?: st] ['s?: kl] ['p?: nsn] ['f?: tai] ['m?: d?]
12. [?] [?'wei] [?'baut] [?'gen] ['ent?] [m?'? i: n] [k?n'd?kt?]
13. [ei] [sei] [ eid?] [neim] [mis'teik] ['t?eind?] [trein ]
14. [ai] [rait] [skai] [smail] [fraitn] ['nai??] ['hair?ud]
15. [?i] [?il] [p?int] [n?iz] [in'd??in] ['b?ihud] [dis'tr?i]
16. [?u] [n?uz] [h?um] ['n?uw??] [b?u] [ 'r?ub?t] [ ?k't?ub?]
17. [au] [?aut] [mauθ] [ 'mautin] [ 'hauziz] [ 'flau?] [ 'kraudid]
18. [i?] [hi?] ['ri?li] ['ni?bai] [ 'θi?t?] [ ai'di?] ['fi?ful]
19. [u?] [?u?] [pu?] [tu?] [kju?] [ 'febru?ri] ['ju?r?p]
20. [ ??] [h ??] [w??] [??? ] [ 'k ??ful] [ 'm??ri] ['p??r?nt] ['?n'f??]

拼读下列音标，正确地读出双音节、多音节中的重音。
2

['leidi] ['n?izi] ['pr?ktis] [pri'p??] [iks'kju:s] [ 'f?: 'ti:n] ['?pst??z ]
['n?θ??] ['fa?nl?] ['nesis?ri] [ri:'k?:d ?] [h??'g??ri?n] [,lib ?'rei ? ?n]
[,d?s?'p i?] [,ju:ni'v?:sit?]


英语是一种与汉语有较大区别的拼音文字. 我们学习英语,首先应从语音着手,密切关注其音
与形的关系。同一个字母,在不同的词中会有不同的读 音。这主要取决于这个字母在词中的
位置,以及它与前、后的什么字母组合。将这些规律归纳起来，就是 读音规则。中学阶段的
英语单词有近90%符合读音规则，所以，掌握基本的读音规则，无疑能减少记忆 单词的盲目
性，提高学习效率和准确性。为过好单词关打下基础。此外，英语有一些特殊读音，必须熟< br>练掌握国际音标，学会运用字母。

元音字母基本读音规则一览表
元音字母 a
音节类别
重读开音节 [ei]
(发字母名称音) make, face
重读闭音节 [?]
fat, bach
[?]& [i]
About,
village
ar
[ɑ:]
park, car
[?]
dollar,
sugar
arr
[?]
carry
are
[??]
dare(敢)
e
[i:]
we, these
[e]
tell, bed
[?]& [i]
open, before
er
[?:]
term, German
[?]
worker, paper
err
[e]
terrible
ere
[i?] [ ??]
here, where
i(y)
[ai]
mine, try
o
[?u]
go, those
u
[ju:] [u:]
use, huge,
rule
[?] [u]
cup, much,
put
[?]
autumn
ur
[?:]
turn, nurse
[?]
surprise
urr
[?]
hurry
ure
[u:] [ju:]
sure, pure
[i] [?]
fish, physics dog, stop
[i]
family
ir (yr)
[?:]
first, dirty
[?]
martyr(烈
士）
irr
[i]
mirror(镜
子)
ire
[ai?]
fire(火)
[?]
police,
today
or
[?:]
short,born
[?]
doctor，
forget,
orr
[?]
sorry
ore
[?:]
more
非重读音节
重读R音节


非重读R音节

双R音节
（发闭音节音）
Re音节
注意特殊发音:
1: 在w后面： ① a在[w]后读[?]：want wash what 但water['w??t?]
② ar在[w]后读[?:]：war warm quarter['kw??t?]
③ ar在[w]后读[?:]: work word world worth worse worst
2. o的后面是m, n, v, th时，o 一般读[?]
son some come one won love nothing mother
3. u在辅音字母l, r, j后面，u一般读[u:]
blue true June July rule ruler
3

4. a在many, any, says, said中读[e]




补充：
1.i: “长衣音”
发音要领的是:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。
e:Chinese ee:feeling(感情) ei:receive(接到) ea:please ie:believe 相信
2. i “短衣音”
发音要领: 发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于i：口形扁平。
i: visit 参观 e: English英语 u: busy忙
ee: been曾经是 y: pretty漂亮的 ui: build建造
3. ε ([ e ]) “小开口45度”音，简称为“45度”音。
发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比i:低；唇形中常，开口度比i:大。
e: remember记得 question 问题 ea: weather天气, pleasant 令人愉快的
4. ? “大开口夸张90度音”
发音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比e更低；双唇成扁平形。
a: practice练习 relax 放松 happy family bad
5. [ ?: ] 重读卷舌音 发音时舌中部比发 e 音时略高。双唇扁平。
e: early ir：dirty脏的 ere：were or：world
6. ? “轻读卷舌音”
发音时舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，双唇扁平。
er：dinner 晚餐 or：doctor e：open打开 matter
7. a: “感叹祖国大好山河音”
发音时口张大，舌身压低并后缩，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齿。双唇稍收圆。
ear：heart ar：far远的 are：are

8. ∧ “经典收小腹减肥急促短啊音。”简称“短啊音”。
发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起，唇形稍扁，开口
度较大。
o: money, love u：fun乐趣 oo：blood血液 ou：enough 足够
9. u “经典收小腹减肥圆唇短乌音”
发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。双唇收圆，稍突出。
u: put o：woman oo：look good ou：could
10. [ u: ] “小圆唇长乌音”，
发音时舌后部尽量抬起。双唇收圆并突出。口形比u稍小。
ue：blue oe：shoe oo：soon ui：fruit oug：through穿过
11. f “唇齿相依摩擦音”俗称“咬唇音”。
fun娱乐 phone电话 enough laugh
12 v疯狂外号：“唇齿相依摩擦音”，俗称“咬唇音”。
voice声音 over超过 clever聪明的
13. ? “舌端齿龈气擦音”
sure当然 should ocean大海 education教育 nation
14. θ “唯一咬舌音”
Thank thousand Thursday healthy nothing breath
4

15. ? “唯一咬舌音”
than that there though another together weather

5