48个国际音标以及对应字母组合发音 ()

48个国际音标表

[i:
长元音
12个单
元音
元
音
8个双元[ai[ei
音
清
[tr
辅[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ]
[ ∫ ]
[t?]
]
10
音
]
[ts
] ]
[?u
[u?] [au]
]

短元音 [i] [?]

[?]

[u] [?]

[e]
] ]

]

[Λ

]

[?:[?:
[u:] [ɑ:]
[?i] [i?]
[
??
]
对
浊
[dr
辅[b] [d] [g] [v] [z]
[?]
辅
音
音
3个鼻音 [m] [n]
[?]

3个似拼
[h] [r] [l]
音
2个半元
[w] [j]
音



[dz
]
[?] [d?]
]

音标
[i:]

字母
e
ea
ee
ey
i
ie
er
ir
or
ur
ear
a
al
au
aw
or
oar
oor
our
ore
o
u
oe
ue
oo
ui
ou
wo
a
ar
ear
i
y
a
or
er
u
a
e
o
a
例词
evening,be,she,these,we
eat,clean,ice cream,please,teacher
see,three,thirteen
key
policeman
believe,piece
her,
bird,girl,sir,shirt,skirt,thirty
word,work,worker
nurse,purple,turn,urgent
earth,early,earn,
water,
all,wall,ball,talk
August
draw,awful,law,
or,horse,short
boart,board,
door,floor,
your,four,course,court
more,bore,
improve,lose
ruler,
shoe,
blue,
soon,room,pool，school
fruit,juice
you
two
class,father,dance,afternoon
car,dark,farm,start,arm,market
heart,
live,dinner,listen,picture
family,lovely,many
orange
actor,doctor,forget,
together,dinner,faste r,better,water,eraser,brothe
r,worker
suppose,
alone,America,about,allow,
open
shop,bottle,dog,hot,
small,want
[?:]

[?:]

[u:]

[ɑ:]

[i]

[?]

[?]

[u]

u
oo
ou
o
put,pull,push,
cook,look,good,cool,foot
could,would,should
woman

音标 字母
a
例词
bad,that,practice,relax,happy,fam ily,stand,apple,
fact,matter
animal
bet ter,remember,never,best,when,together,every,qu
estion
weather,pleasant,
anyway,many
money,love,mother,some,nothing,color
number,lucky,club,fun,
flood,blood
enough,trouble,young
ice,China,find,like,nine,white,idea,climb
my,shy,try,fly,
eye
pie,die,
guide
buy
high,light,night
height
amazing,age,game,table,make,paper
afraid,train,wait
way,today
great
pay,okay,play,say,
eight,
grey,
eight,neighbour
point,join,coin,noise
toy,boy,enjoy,employ,
ear,hear,year,clear,
deer,beer,
here,
idea
hair,pair,air,stairs,chair,fair
share,parents,prepare,square,
wear,bear,
their
there,where
[?]

[e]

[Λ]

e
ea
a
o
u
oo
ou
i
y
ey
ie
ui
uy
igh
eigh
a
ai
ay
ea
ay
ei
ey
eigh
oi
oy
ear
eer
ere
ea
air
are
ear
eir
ere
[ai]

[ei]

[?i]

[i?]

[
??
]

[?u]

音标

o
oa
ou
ow
hope,open,also,zero,only,old,home
goal,road,float,
soul
know,yellow,show,snow
字母
oor
our
ure
ou
ow
p
t
k
c
ch
ck
f
ph
fe
s
ss
c
se
th
sh
ch
ci
si
ti
ch
tr
ts
poor,
tour,
sure,pure,cure

例词
[u?]

[au]
[p]
[t]
[k]
about,proud,found,house,hour,out,dout
how,cow,now,allow,flower
polite,keep,help,picture,poor
talk,tomato,treat,pretty,little,quiet
kite,book,take,basketball,kidding,
cry,clock,cat,clever,clean
school
black,clock,sock
flight,free,chief,fresh,fly,follow,floor
photo,phone
life,knife,
snake,spoon,soup,
miss,class,success
dance,nice,piece,face,juice,twice,cinema
tense,please,sense,
think,thank,heathy,bir thday,breath,nothing,truth,
math
shoot,shock,shirt,fish,rubbish,wish,English
machine,
social,
tension,
mention,ambition,
chair,church,rich,beach,change
try,treat,treasure,trouble,true,trade
hits,puts,nuts,facts,attracts,accounts
[f]
[s]
[θ]
[ ∫ ]
[t?]
[tr]
[ts]
[b]
[d]
b
d
bird,black,book,job,
desk,dear,deep,read

[g]
[v]
音标

g
v
grass,glove,glass,dog,plug，forget,egg
very,various,vegetable,volleyball
字母

z
ss
se
s
例词

zero,zone,zoo,crazy
business
because,exercise,those
present,photos

with,this,weather,gather,father,bother,another

usually,pleasure,decision,measure
jeep,juice,July,jewelry
age,orange,,engineer
draw,drive,draft,drug,drink
hands,words,minds,reads
besides,
matter,mother,math,massage,mind,impossible
nice,question,lion
knife,know
English,
ring,
happy,handsome,holiday,hope,hurt
who,whose
ruler,break,respect,problem,wrong,battery,
carry,hurry,sorry
write,wrong
lunch,large,lead,laugh,popular,
wet,web,watch,window
white,why,
yesterday,yellow,lawyer
[z]
[?]

[?]
[d?]
[dr]
[dz]
[m]
[n]
[?]
[h]
[r]
[l]
[w]
[j]







th

s
j
g
dr
ds
des
m
n
kn
n
ng
h
wh
r
rr
wr
l
w
wh
y

一、英语名词复数变化及发音规则

1、 一般在词尾加－s.
一般来说，s在元音或浊辅音后读[z}，在清辅音后面读成[s]，在[t]后 与[t]在
一起读成[ts]，在[d]后与[d]一起读成[dz]。
cups 杯子 days 日子 hands 手 hats 帽子

2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加－es，读[iz]
classes 班级 buses 公共汽车 boxes 盒子 watches 手表

3、以“元音字母＋ y”结尾的词，加－s，读作[z]；以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变
y为i，再加－es，读[iz]
boy-boys 男孩 toy-toys 玩具 story-stories 故事 factory-factories 工
厂 baby- babies 宝贝

4、以o结尾的词，多数加－s，读[z]
kilo- kilos 公里 photo-photos 照片 piano- pianos 钢琴
1）以元音字母＋o结尾的词一律加－s，读[z]。
zoo- zoos 动物园 radio-radios 收音机
2）少数以o结尾的词，在词尾加-es，读[z]。
tomato-tomatoes 西红柿 hero-heroes 英雄 potato-potatoes 土豆

5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数把f,fe变为v，再加－es，读[s]
leaf- leaves 树叶 thief-thieves 小偷 wife-wives 妻
子 knife-knives 小刀 shelf-shelves 架子

6、不规则名词的复数形式
(1)通过变化单词内部元音字母，构成复杂形式。
man-men 男子 woman-women 女人 foot-feet 脚
tooth-teeth 牙齿 mouse-mice 老鼠 child-children 小孩
(2)单数形式与复数形式相同
sheep-sheep 绵羊 deer-deer 鹿 Chinese-Chinese 中国人
Japanese-Japanese 日本人

二、动词第三人称单数的变化及发音规则
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真
观察。

1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]
①stop－stops [s] make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z] play－plays [z]

2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz]
fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]
study－studies [z]; worry－worries

3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz]
teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]

4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z]
go－goes [z] do－does [z]

5、下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注
意记忆
1、do [du:]－does [dz]
2、say [sei]－says [sez]

6、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“ s”后字母“e”
发音， 与所加“s” 一起读做[iz]
close－closes [iz]

7、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字
母现象

①baby－babies
②carry－carries
③study－studies