快速制造模具技术中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

现代快速经济制造模具技术

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随着全球经济的发展，新的技术革命不断取得新的进展和突破，技术的飞跃
发展已经成为推动世界经济增长的重要因素。市场经济的不断发展，促使工业产品
越来越向多品 种、小批量、高质量、低成本的方向发展，为了保持和加强产品在市
场上的竞争力，产品的开发周期、生 产周期越来越短，于是对制造各种产品的关键
工艺装备——模具的要求越来越苛刻。 一方面企业为追求 规模效益，使得模具向着
高速、精密、长寿命方向发展；另一方面企业为了满足多品种、小批量、产品更 新
换代快、赢得市场的需要，要求模具向着制造周期短、成本低的快速经济的方向发
展。计算机 、激光、电子、新材料、新技术的发展，使得快速经济制模技术如虎添
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翼，应用范围不断扩大，类型不断增多，创造的经济效益和社会效益越来越显著。 快
速经济 制模技术与传统的机械加工相比，具有制模周期短、成本低、精度与寿命又
能满足生产上的使用要求，是 综合经济效益比较显著的一类制造模具的技术，概括
起来，有以下几种类别。?

1快速原型制造技术
? 快速原型制造技术简称RPM，是80年代后期发展起
来的一 种新型制造技术。美国、日本、英国、以色列、德国、中国都推出了自己的
商业化产品，并逐渐形成了新 型产业。 RPM是电脑、激光、光学扫描、先进的新型
材料、计算机辅助设计(CAD)、计算机辅助 加工(CAM)、数控(CNC)综合应用的高新
技术。在成型概念上以平面离散、堆积为指导，在控制 上以计算机和数控为基础，
以最大柔性为总体目标。它摒弃了传统的机械加工方法，对制造业的变革是一 个重
大的突破，利用RPM技术可以直接或间接地快速制模，该技术已被汽车、航空、家
电、船 舶、医疗、模具等行业广泛应用。。?

2表面成型制模技术
? 表 面成型制模技术，主要是利用喷涂、电铸、化
学腐蚀等新的工艺方法形成型腔表面及精细花纹的一种工艺 技术，实际应用中包括
以下几种类型。?

电弧喷涂成型制模技术
? 电弧喷涂成型技术的原理是：利用2根通电的金
属丝之间产生电弧的热量将金属丝熔化，依靠高压气体将 其充分雾化，并给予一定
的动能，高速喷射在样模表面，层层镶嵌，形成一金属壳体，即型腔的内表面， 再
用充填基体材料(一般为金属粉粒与树脂的复合材料)加以支撑加固，提高其强度和
刚性，连 同金属模架组合成模具。这种制模技术工艺简单、成本低，制造周期非常
短，型腔表面的成型仅需几个小 时，节省能源和金属材料，一般型腔表面仅2-3mm
厚，仿真性极强，花纹精度可达到0.5μm。 目前该技术被广泛地用于飞机、汽车的
内饰件模具、家电、家俱、制鞋、美术工艺品等表面形状复杂及花 纹精细的各种聚
氨酯制品的吹塑、吸塑、PVC注射、PU发泡及各类注射成型模具中。?

电铸成型技术
? 电铸成型技术的原理同电镀一样，是依样模(现成制品或按 制
品图纸制成的母模)为基准(阴极)，置放在电铸液中(阳极)，使电铸液中的金属离子
还原 后一层一层地沉积在样模上，形成金属壳体，将其剥离后，与样模接触的表面
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即为模具的型腔内表面。该技术主要特点是节省材料、模具制造周期短，电铸 层硬
度可达40HRC，提高了耐磨性和寿命，粗糙度、尺寸精度与样模完全一致，适用于
注射 、吸塑、吹塑、搪塑、胶木模、玻璃模、压铸模等模具型腔及电火花成型电极
的制造。?

型腔表面精细花纹成型的蚀刻技术?
蚀刻技术是光学、化学、机加工综合
应用的一种技 术，它的基本原理是先把花纹图案制成胶片，再把胶片上的花纹图案
复制在已涂上光敏材料的模具型腔表 面上，经过化学处理，模具型腔表面形成不被
蚀刻部分的保护层，再根据模具材质，选择相应蚀刻工艺， 将花纹图案蚀刻在模具
内表面上。 该技术的主要特点是时间短、费用低，修补破损花纹图案可做到天衣无
缝。
3浇铸成型制 模技术
?浇铸成型制模技术的共同特点是依样件为基准，浇
铸出凸、凹模，型腔表面不需要机械 加工。
4挤压成型技术
利用铍铜合金的良好的导热性和稳定性，经固熔时效处理< br>后，采用冷挤压制造模具凹模型腔。其特点是制造周期短，型腔精度高(IT7级)，
表面粗糙度 Ra=0.025μm,强度高，寿命可达50万次，无环境污染。该技术是利用
金属材料在细化晶粒、 一定成型温度、低变形速率条件下，材料具有最佳超塑性时，
将事先制作好的凸模，用较小的力便可挤压 出凹模的一种快速经济制模技术。超塑
成型材料的典型代表是Zn-22%AL。?
5无模多点成形技术?
无模多点快速成形技术是以CADCAMCAT技术
为主要手段，利 用计算机控制高度可调基本体群形成上下成形面，代替传统模具对
板料进行三维曲面成形的又一现代先进 制造技术。此项技术可以随意改变变形路径
与受力状态，提高材料的成形极限，可反复成形，以此消除材 料内部的残余应力，
实现无回弹成形。?

6凯维朗(KEVRON)钢带冲裁落料制模技术
? 新型钢带冲裁落料制
模技术是一种不同 于一般具有凸、凹模结构的钢带模，它是由单刃钢带与特制垫板
组成的新型快速经济制模技术。这种模具 重量轻，一般只有200kg，加工精度为 ±
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0.35-0 .50mm，可适合各种黑色和有色金属的0.5-0.65mm厚的板料加工。寿命可达
到5-25 万次，制造成本低。?

7模具毛坯的快速制造技术—实型铸造
?
由于大量的模具是属于单
件或小批量生产，模具毛坯的制造质量和周期及成本对最终的模具质量和周期 及成
本的影响是至关重要的。?
现代模具毛坯已广泛地采用子实型铸造技术，所 谓实型铸造就是利用泡沫塑料制
作代替传统的木模或金属模，造型后不需取出模型，便可以浇铸，泡沫塑 料模型的
高温液体金属作用下，迅速燃烧气化而消失，金属液取代原来泡沫塑料模型所占有
的位 置，冷凝后形成铸件。?

8其它方面技术
?为了简化模具的结构设计， 降低模具成本，缩短模具制
造周期，在国内外也先后出现了一些其它方面新技术的应用，如快换模架、冲 压单
元、刃口堆焊、镶块铸造、氮气弹簧等。?

氮气弹簧在模具上的应用
氮气弹簧是一种新型弹性功能部件，用它代替弹
簧、橡胶、聚氨酯 或者气垫，它能够准确地提供压边力，在较小空间便可产生较大
初始弹压力，不需预紧，在模具整个工作 过程中弹压力基本恒定。弹压力大小及受
力点位置可随时、准确、方便地调整，简化模具拉伸、压边、卸 料等结构，简化模
具设计，缩短制模周期，调试模具方便，缩短更换模具时间，提高生产效率。
?
快速换模技术
? 由于产品品种的增多，使模具在生产中更换变得十分频繁，< br>于是如何缩短冲压设备的停机时间，提高生产效率，快速换模技术受到了人们的关
注。目前发达工 业国家的一些大公司换模速度达到了惊人的程度，是否具有快速换
模技术已成为企业技术进步的一项标志 。总的趋势就是减少模具在设备上安装、固
定、调整的时间，这既要在设备结构设计上予以考虑，又要在 模具的结构设计、标
准化方面予以考虑，将机上的作业尽可能地放在机下做。?

冲压单元组合技术
? 冲压单元组合技术是将常规的冲模分解为一个个简单
的单元冲模 ，根据工序件的要求，排列组合，在同一次冲程内完成多种冲压工序的
新型工艺装备，工作时冲压单元不 与冲床滑块联接，只需滑块打击即可完成冲压工
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作。单独使用 时它就是1副完整模具。它可以用来加工板料或型材的冲孔、落料、
切角、切槽、切断及浅拉伸等。具有 组装快捷、使用方便、通用性强、经济性好等
特点，特别适合多品种、中小批量生产。?

可加工塑料在模具制造中的应用
? 可加工塑料在发达的工业国家应用较
普遍，特别 是在汽车、飞机等制造业中，主要代替木材或金属制作汽车车身主模型、
靠模、检具和铸造模型等。可加 工塑料的主要特点是兼备木材和金属的优良加工性
能，制作工艺简捷(可采用模塑、浇注、拼粘、雕塑等 方法)、尺寸稳定性好、不变
形、耐潮湿、耐腐蚀、易修复、易改型、重量轻、制作周期短、成本低。?
快速经济制模技术种类很多，其所具有的特点、应用范围各不相同，本文仅能
概括地做 一些简单介绍，每种技术在具体应用和实施过程中尚有许多具体的工艺过
程、工艺参数及其技术特性。 模具是基础工业之一，在全球化市场经济和各种高新
技术的迅猛发展形势下，快速经济模具赋予了新的使 命和全新的内涵，分类不断增
加，快速经济制模材料向着多品种系列化迈进，工艺不断有新的创新和突破 ，与之
配套设备相继问世，服务领域在不断地拓宽，创造的经济效益越来越显著。随着商
品经济 的发展，激烈的市场竞争，产品更新换代的加速，对快速经济制模技术在缩
短周期、降低成本，提高精度 和延长寿命方面的要求势必会越来越高。由于它能使
企业赢得市场，创造显著的经济效益，越来越受到企 业家的青睐和有关领导部门的
极大关注与政策资金的支持。各种快速经济制模技术在推广应用过程中也会 不断完
善成熟和发展，由于高新技术的发展，各种技术的复合与渗透，为适应生产中的不
同需求 ，今后必定会形成一些新型、节约能源、节约材料的快速制模技术。







5

Modern fast economy manufacture mold technology


Along with the global economy development, the new technological revolution made
the new progress and the breakthrough unceasingly, the technical leap development
already becomes the important attribute which the impetus world economics grew. The
market economy unceasing development, urges the industry product more and more to
the multi- varieties, high grade, the low cost direction to develop, in order to maintain and
strengthens the product in market competitive power, product development cycle,
production cycle more and more short, thereupon to makes each kind of product the
essential craft equipment mold request to be more and more harsh. On the one hand the
enterprise for the pursue scale benefit, causes the mold to turn towards high speed, is
precise, the long life direction develops; On the other hand enterprise in order to satisfy
the multi- varieties,, the product renewal quickly, wins the market the need, requests the
mold to turn towards the manufacture cycle to be short, the cost low fast economy
direction develops. The computer, the laser, electronic, the new material, the new
technical development, causes the fast economical pattern making technology even more
powerful, the application scope expands unceasingly, the type increases unceasingly, the
creation economic efficiency and the social efficiency are more and more remarkable.
The fast economical pattern making technology and the traditional machine-finishing
compares, has the pattern making cycle short, the cost is low, the precision and the life
can satisfy in the production the operation requirements, is synthesizes an economic
efficiency quite remarkable kind to make the mold the technology, summarizes below,
has several types to leave.

1 fast prototypes manufactures technology
The fast prototype
manufacture technology is called RPM, is one kind of new manufacture technology
which the 80's later period develops. US, Japan, England, Israel, Germany, China have all
promoted own commercialization product, and has formed the new industry
is the computer, the laser, the optical scanning, the advanced new material,
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the computer-aided design (CAD), the computer assistance processing (CAM), the
numerical control (CNC) synthesizes the application the high technology and new
technology. In takes shape in the concept take the plane separate, piles up as the
instruction, in the control take the computer and the numerical control as the foundation,
take biggest flexibility as general goals. It has abandoned the traditional
machine- finishing method, to the manufacturing industry transformation is a significant
breakthrough, uses the RPM technology to be possible directly or indirectly the fast
pattern making, this technology already by profession widespread application and so on
automobile, aviation, electrical appliances, ships, medical service, mold.


2 surfaces take shape the pattern making technology
The surface
takes shape the pattern making technology, mainly is the use spurts spreads, the
electrolytic casting, chemistry corrosion and so on the new technique formation cavity
surface and the fine pattern one kind of craft technology, in the practical application
including following several kind of types
.

electric arcs spurt spread take shape the pattern making technology

The
electric arc spurts spreads takes shape the technical principle is: Has the electric arc
quantity of heat using between 2 circular telegrams tinsel to melt the tinsel, depends upon
the compressed gas its full atomization, and gives the certain kinetic energy, high speed
sprays in the type mold surface, layer upon layer mounts, forms a metal shell, namely the
cavity internal surface, uses to fill the substrate material again (generally for metal silt
and resin compound materials) performs to support the reinforcement, enhances its
intensity and the rigidity, combines the mold together with the metal pattern frame. This
kind of pattern making technology craft simple, cost low, manufacture cycle extremely
short, the cavity surface takes shape only needs for several hours, saves the energy and
the metal material, general cavity surface 2-3mm is only thick, simulation greatly
strengthened, the pattern precision may achieve 0.5 mu m. At present this technology
widely uses in superficial shape and so on airplane, automobile mold, electrical
appliances, furniture, shoemaking, fine arts handicraft is complex and the pattern fine
each kind of polyurethane product blow molding, attracts models, the PVC injection, PU
becomes spongy and each kind of injection takes shape in the mold.


electrolytic castings take shape the technology
The electrolytic casting takes
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shape the technical principle to be same with the galvanization, is according to model the
mold (ready-made product or female mold which makes according to product blueprint)
is the datum (negative pole), places in the electrolytic casting fluid (anode), causes in the
electrolytic casting fluid the metallic ion to return to original state a latter place
deposition on the type mold, forms the metal shell, after strips it, contacts the surface
with the type mold namely for the mold the cavity internal surface. This technical main
characteristic is saves material, the mold manufacture cycle short, electrolytic casting
level degree of hardness may reach 40HRC, enhanced the resistance to wear and the life,
roughness, the size precision is completely consistent with the type mold, is suitable for
the injection, attracts models, the blow molding, keeps out models, mold cavity and the
electric spark and so on bakelite mold, glass mold, compression casting mold takes shape
the electrode manufacture.


cavities surfaces fine pattern takes shape etching technology

The etching
technology is optics, chemistry, the machining synthesis application one kind of
technology, its basic principle is makes first the pattern design the film, then in has spread
the film on pattern design duplication the photosensitive material on the mold cavity
surface, process chemistry processing, the mold cavity surface does not form by the
etching partial protectors, then acts according to the mold material quality, the choice
corresponding etching craft, pattern design etching in mold internal technical
main characteristic is the time short, the expense is low, patching damages the pattern
design to be possible to achieve flawlessly.

3 sprinkle to cast into the type system mold technique
Sprinkling to
cast into technical and common characteristics of the type system mold is according to
the kind piece for basis, sprinkle a convex and cave mold, a surface do not need the
machine to physically to mainly have following several categories type in
the mold.?
4 extrusions takes shape the technology
Using the berylliuim copper
alloy good thermal conductivity and the stability, after the solid melt aging treatment of
metal, use the swaging pressure to make the mold concave model cavity. Its characteristic
is makes the cycle short, the cavity precision is high (the IT7 level), surface roughness
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Ra=0.025 mu m, The intensity is high, the life may reach 500,000 times, does not have
the environmental pollution. This technology is using the metal material in the thin
crystal grain, certainly takes shape the temperature, under the low distortion speed
condition, when the material has the best superplasticity, toes attend to carry out raised
mold which the initiative finishes, then may extrude the concave mold with the small
strength one kind of fast economical pattern making technology. Ultra models takes
shape material typical representative is Zn-22%AL.
5 does not have the mold multi- spots forming technology
Does not
have the mold multi- spots fast forming technology is by CADCAMCAT The
technology is the main method about, may adjust the base main body group highly using
the computer control to form forms the surface, replaces the traditional mold to carry on
the three dimensional curved surface forming to the sheet an modern advanced
manufacture technology. This technology may change the distortion way and the stressful
condition at will, enhances the material the formed limit, may form repeatedly, by this
elimination material interior remaining stress, the realization does not have the snapping
back forming

6 triumphant Uygur bright steel belt blanking falls the material
pattern making technology
The new steel belt blanking falls the material pattern
making technology is one kind is different with has raised, the concave mold structure
steel belt mold generally, it is with specially makes the new fast economical pattern
making technology by the single edge steel belt which the backing strip is composed.
This kind of mold weight is light, only then 200kg, the processing precision for
±0.35-0.50mm, may suit each kind of black and the non-ferrous metal 0.5-0.65mm thick
sheet processing generally. The life may achieve 5-25 ten thousand, the production cost is
low.

7 molds semifinished materials fast manufacture technology
solid casting
Because the massive molds are belong to the single unit or the
production, the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the
cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost influence are very important. The
modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology, the
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so-called solid casting is (polystyrene PS either polymethacrylate PMMA) manufactures
using the foam plastics replaces traditional the wooden mold or the metal pattern, after
the modelling does not have to take out the model, then may the casting, under the foam
plastics model high temperature liquid metal function, deflagrate the gasification but to
vanish, the molten metal substitution original foam plastics model holds the position,
after the condensation forms the casting.

8 other aspects technologies
in order to simplify the mold the structural
design, reduces the mold cost, reduces the mold manufacture cycle, in domestic and
foreign also successively appeared some other aspects new technology application, like
trades the mold frame, the ramming unit, the cutting edge built-up welding quickly, inlays
the block casting, the nitrogen spring and so on.

nitrogen springs on mold application

The nitrogen spring is one kind of new
elastic function part, replaces the spring, the rubber, the polyurethane or the air cushion
with it side, it can accurately provide presses the strength, then may have the greatly
initial ball pressure in the small space, does not need pre- tightly, is basically hit the
pressure basically in the mold entire work process to be constant. The ball pressure size
and the working point position may, accurate, conveniently adjust as necessary, simplifies
the mold to stretch, nearby the pressure, ex- denning isostructuralism, simplifies the mold
design, reduces the pattern making cycle, debugs the mold to be convenient, reduces the
replacement mold time, enhances the production efficiency.

fast trades the mold technology
Because product variety increasing, causes
the mold in the production the transmutation extremely frequently, how thereupon
reduces the ramming equipment the down time, enhances the production efficiency, fast
traded the mold technology to receive people's attention. At present developed industrial
nation some big companies traded the mold speed to achieve astonishing degree, whether
had fast trades the mold technology to become for an enterprise technology advancement
sign. The always tendency is reduces the mold to install on the equipment, to be fixed,
the adjustment time, this both must give in the equipment structural design to consider,
and must in the mold structural design, the standardized aspect consider, machine on
work as far as possible placing machine under will do.

10

ramming units combination technology
The ramming unit combination
technology is dies a resolve into each one simple unit the convention to die, according to
the working procedure request, the arrangement combination, completes the many kinds
of ramming working procedure when the identical inferior stroke the new craft equipment,
the work the ramming unit not with the punch press slide joint, only needs the slide attack
then to complete the ramming work. When independent employment it is 1 complete
mold. It may use for to process the sheet or the molding punch holes, falls the material,
cuts the angle, the grooving, shuts off and the shallow stretch and so on. Has the
assembly strongly, the easy to operate, the versatility, the efficiency is quickly good and
so on the characteristic, suits the multi- varieties specially, center the production.

may process the plastic in mold manufacture application
May process the
plastic to be common in the developed industrial nation application, specially in
manufacturing industry and so on automobile, airplane, mainly replaces the lumber or the
metal manufacture automobile body host model, the profile, examines has and the casting
model and so on. May process the plastic the main characteristic is has both the lumber
and the metal fine workability, the manufacture craft simple and direct (may use
compression molding, pour, spells sticks, method well and so on sculpture), the size
stability, does not distort, bears moistly, anti-corrosive, is easy to repair, the easy
modification, the weight light, the manufacture cycle short, the cost to be low. Fast
economical pattern making technology type very many, its has the characteristic, the
application scope are various, this article only can broadly make some simple
introductions, each kind of technology still had many concrete technological processes,
the craft parameter and its the technical characteristic in the concrete application and the
implementation process.

The mold is one of foundation industries, in the globalization market economy and
under each kind of high technology and new technology swift and violent development
situation, the fast economical mold has entrusted with the new mission and the brand-new
connotation, the classification increases unceasingly, the fast economical pattern making
material turns towards the multi- varieties seriation to make great strides forward, the
craft has the new innovation and the breakthrough unceasingly, is published one after
another with it supplementary equipment, the service domain in opens up unceasingly,
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the creation economic efficiency is more and more remarkable. Along with the
commodity economy development, the intense market competition, the product renewal
acceleration, is reducing the cycle to the fast economical pattern making technology,
reduces the cost, will increase the precision and lengthens the life aspect the request to be
able to be more and more high inevitably. Because it can cause the enterprise to win the
market, creates the remarkable economic efficiency, more and more receives
entrepreneur's favor and the concerned leader department's enormous attention and the
policy fund support. Each kind of fast economical pattern making technology also can
consummate mature and the development unceasingly in the promoted application
process, as a result of the high technology and new technology development, each kind of
technical bonding with the seepage, for the adaption production in different demand,
surely will be able to form some, the frugal energy, the frugal material fast pattern
making technology new from now on.

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