控失型复合肥在棉花生产上的应用研究 中英文翻译

控失型复合肥在棉花生产上的应用研究
中英文翻译
Control loss type compound fertilizer application research on cotton production in both Chinese
and English translation
摘要控失型复合肥 在棉花生产上的应用研究结果表明,控失型复合肥可减少肥料流失,较好
地调节棉花生长;补施花铃肥、 盖顶肥,符合棉花需肥规律,促进棉株多结优质桃,提高霜前花比
例,可实现省工节本、增产增收。
The control type of compound fertilizer application in cotton production research results show that
the control type compound fertilizer can reduce fertilizer loss, better regulation of cotton growth;
Fill ShiHua fluid fertilizer, topdressing, conforms to the cotton fertilizer law, promote the cotton
leaves multi-junction high-quality peach, improve before frost flower ratio, save work can be
reduce cost, increase production.
关键词控失型复合肥;棉花;生长发育;产量;经济效益
Type keywords control loss compound fertilizer; Cotton; Growth and development; Production;
Economic benefits
棉花生产中人力投 入较多,既限制了棉花生产,又影响农民增收。发展轻型节本增效生产
技术是现阶段棉花生产发展的现实 需求。通过棉花控失型复合肥肥效试验,检验控失型复合
肥控制营养元素流失的效果[1-4],以提高 化肥利用率和棉花产量,达到节约工本的效果,从而
为棉花简化栽培提供科学的施肥依据。
Human input in the cotton production is more, it limits the cotton production, and increasing
farmers' income. Development of light reduce cost increase efficiency production technology is
the real needs of the development of cotton production at the moment. Through cotton type
compound fertilizer fertilizer effect test, inspection control type compound fertilizer loss control of
nutrient loss effect [1-4], in order to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and cotton yield,
achieve the result of saving trend, so as to provide a basis for scientific fertilizer application in
cotton simplified cultivation.

1材料与方法
1 materials and methods


1.1试验材料
1.1 test materials
供试作物为棉花,品种为中棉所63。供试肥料为安徽合肥红四方生产的42%控失型复合
肥(16-1 0-16)。
For cotton, selected crops varieties of cotton in 63. Selected fertilizer for anhui hefei red square
production control 42% of the type of compound fertilizer (16-10-16).
1.2试验地概况
1.2 testbed
试验设在安徽省宣城市宣州区水阳镇长沟村朱村组,田块土壤 为冲积壤土,养分含量为:
有机质1.13%,铵态氮15.14mgkg,有效磷14.35mgkg ,有效钾94.74mgkg,锌1.4 mgkg,硼
1.46mgkg,pH值7.59,前茬作物为油菜。
Test in anhui xuanzhou district water Yang xuan city mayor zhu ditch village schiscosomiasis,
field for alluvial loam soil and nutrient content as follows: 1.13% organic matter, ammonia
nitrogen, 15.14 mgkg, 14.35 mgkg, effective phosphorus and effective potassium 94.74 mgkg,
zinc 1.4 mgkg, 1.46 mgkg, boron pH 7.59, the previous for rapeseed crop.
1.3试验设计
1.3 design of experiment
1.3.1肥料运筹试验。设4个处理,分别为:5月20日施控失肥1 800kghm2、硼肥15kghm2
作基肥一次性施入(A);基肥施控失肥1 440kghm2 、硼肥15kghm2,花铃肥施于7月2日施氯
化钾97.5kghm2,盖顶肥于8月7日施尿素1 26 kghm2(B);基肥施控失肥1 440kghm2、硼肥
15kghm2,盖顶肥于8月7 日撒施尿素126kghm2(C);常规施肥,5月20日施三元素复合肥
112.5kghm2,提 苗肥于6月3日施尿素75 kghm2,花铃肥于7月2日施尿素225kghm2、48%
复合肥750 kghm2、氯化钾3 00kghm2、硼肥15kghm2,7月20日补施尿素112.5kghm2,8
月7日撒施盖顶 肥187.5kghm2(CK)。3次重复,共12个小区,每小区30m2,株行距47cm×74cm,< br>每小区栽54株棉花。区内土壤条件一致,四周设有保护行。除施肥外,其他田间管理均一致。
1.3.1 the fertilizer logistics test. Set 4 processing, respectively: on May 20, controlling fat loss 1,

800 kghm2, 15 kghm2 boric fertilizer as basal one-time Muse into (A); Basal controlling fat loss
1 440 kghm2, boron fertilizer 15 kghm2, the blooming of fertilizer applied to on July 2,
potassium chloride 97.5 kghm2, coping fertilizer applied urea on August 7, 126 kghm2, (B);
Basal controlling fat loss 1 440 kghm2, boron fertilizer 15 kghm2, coping broadcast urea
fertilizer on August 7, 126 kghm2 (C); Conventional fertilization, on May 20, the three elements
in the compound fertilizer of 112.5 kghm2, make seedling fertilizer applied urea on June 3, 75
kghm2, flower fluid fertilizer applied urea on July 2, 225 kghm2, 750 kghm2 48% compound
fertilizer, potassium chloride, 300 kghm2, boron fertilizer 15 kghm2, patch applied urea on July
20, 112.5 kghm2, August 7, broadcasting coping fat 187.5 kghm2 (CK). Repeat three times, a
total of 12 village, every village 30 m2, plant spacing 47 cm x 74 cm, each district of 54 strains of
cotton. Zone soil conditions are consistent, all around has protected lines. Besides fertilizer, other
management field.
1.3.2控失肥与常规施肥棉花大田示范对比试验。设2个处理,即控失肥和常规施肥,面积
共1 334m2,每个处理667m2,株行距75cm×56cm。控失肥作基肥一次性施入,控失肥用量为1
800kghm2,常规施肥按当地施肥习惯施肥。除施肥外,其他田间管理措施均一致。
1.3.2 accused of losing fat compared with conventional fertilization in cotton field demonstration
experiment. Two processing, is accused of losing fat and conventional fertilizer application, with a
total area of 334 m2, 1 each processing 667 m2, plant spacing 56 cm 75 cm x. Controlled fertilizer
as basal one-time loss into, loss of fertilizer dosage is 1, 800 kghm2, fertilizing routine
fertilization according to the local habits fertilization. Besides fertilizer, other field management
measures are consistent.
1.4试验实施
1.4 test the implementation
4月16日育苗,5月2 0日移栽,移栽苗龄为3叶1心(齐苗至移栽28d),5月21日浇定根水,6
月17日整枝,8月5 日打顶。8月15日台风后采用清沟、扶正等补救措施。各处理分别于6
月15日、7月4日、7月25 日、8月10日喷施缩节胺原粉15、30、45、60ghm2化控。分
别于6月2日、28日中耕除 草1次。5月30日、6月20日、7月19日、8月16日、8月
30日、9月8日各治虫1次。
On May 20, on April 16, seedling, transplanting, transplanting age of seedling of 3 leaf 1 heart
(good seedling emergence to 28 d) transplanting, watered set root on May 21, June 17, pruning,

superscript th August 5th. On August 15, adopt remedial measures such as ditch cleaning,
centralizer after the typhoon. Each treatment separately on June 15, July 4, July 25, August 10,
spraying shrink festival amine by 15, 30, 45, 60 ghm2 control. Respectively, on June 2, 28 1 row
weeding. On May 30th, on June 20, on July 19 and August 16th, August 30, on September 8, the
pest 1 times.
2结果与分析
2 the results and analysis


2.1对棉花生育进程的影响
2.1 impact on cotton development process
由表1可以看出,控失肥3个处理移栽至返苗、返苗 至现蕾生育进程分别均比常规施肥
(CK)推迟1.0~1.7d、1.3~2.0d,现蕾至开花各处 理生育进程差距逐渐缩小;开花至结铃、结铃至
吐絮,控失肥3个处理棉花生育进程加快,比常规施肥( CK)少1~2d。说明控失肥是逐步释放的,
前期肥效释放较慢,但肥料流失少,不易造成脱肥环节, 可促使后期生育进程加快。
Can be seen from table 1, accused of losing fat three processing transplanting to miao, miao credit
to budding reproduction process compared to the conventional fertilizer (CK) respectively were
delayed 1.0 ~ 1.7 d, 1.3 ~ 2.0 d, from budding to flowering treatment process gap narrowing; Boll
to flowering and boll open bolls, accused of losing fat three processing cotton development
process faster, smaller than the conventional fertilizer (CK) 1 ~ 2 d. Accused of losing fat is
gradually release, applied early release is slow, but the fertilizer loss less, not easy to cause to take
off fat, links can spur late birth process.
2.2对棉花生长发育的影响
2.2 impact on cotton growth and development
由表2可以看出,常规施肥(CK)前期结铃 早,伏前桃比控失肥处理多,但伏桃较控失肥少
2.2~4.3个;秋桃处理B比常规施肥(CK)增加 1.0个,处理A、处理C反而比常规施肥(CK)少
2.2~3.8个。调查表数据说明,由于处理B 适当减少了基肥中的控失肥量,7月2日补充了钾肥
作花铃肥,8月7日又补施了氮肥作盖顶肥,使得伏 桃和秋桃比对照均有增加。从株高长势来
看,控失肥各处理株高比常规施肥(CK)高,说明控失肥肥料 释放缓慢,有利于作物全程吸收利
用和生长发育。纵观各处理棉花生育情况的表现说明,控失肥能调节棉 花生长,结合棉花需肥

规律加以人为施肥调节,可以促进棉花多结优质桃,从而增加产量。
Can be seen from table 2, the conventional fertilizer (CK) early boll early and fell before the peach
control fertilizer processing loss, but FuTao is accused of losing fat less 2.2 ~ 2.2; Autumn peach
processing compared to the conventional fertilizer (CK) increased 1.0 B, rather than the
conventional fertilization treatment A, C (CK) was 2.2 ~ 3.8. Survey data shows that, due to
processing B reduced control of basal fertilizer consumption, on July 2 for flower bell added
potash fertilizer, August 7 and fill the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer as a cover, make FuTao and
autumn peach than controls all have increased. Judging by looks like the plant height, fat loss
control the processing plant height ratio of conventional fertilizer (CK), control of slow release
fertilizer fertilizer, promote the whole crop uptake and growth and development. Throughout the
processing of cotton birth situation suggests that fat loss control regulates the growth of cotton,
cotton fertilizer rule is artificial fertilization to adjust, can promote cotton knot high-quality peach,
thus increasing production.
2.3 对棉花产量及效益的影响
2.3 impact on cotton yield and benefit
由表3可以看出,处理B单株成铃数最多,为40.63个,单铃重最大,为6.27g,实收皮棉产量
比常规施肥(CK)多73.5 kghm2,实收籽棉产量比常规施肥(CK)多189kghm2。控失肥3 个处
理霜前花率均比常规施肥高。各处理籽指基本相同。根据各处理实收籽棉情况和当地籽棉均
价6.4元kg计算,4个处理的产值分别为22 070.4、24 940.8、23 731.2、23 731.2元hm2,4个
处理的肥料投入成本分别为4 195.5、3 936.0、3 594.0、4 255.5元hm2,治虫化控费用为645
元hm2,则4个处理净产值分别为17 229.9、20 359.8、19 492.2、18 830.7元hm2。处理B
比常规施肥(CK)节本增收1 529.1元hm2,处理C比常规施肥 (CK)节本增收661.5元hm2。由
此可见,处理B的施肥效果最为显著,处理C由于节约肥料投 入也达到了节本增效的目的。
Can be seen from table 3, processing plant into the bell, the maximum number of B is 40.63 a,
single boll weight, 6.27 g, paid-in ginned cotton than conventional fertilizer (CK) more than 73.5
kghm2, paid-in seed cotton output in conventional fertilizer (CK) more than 189 kghm2.
Accused of losing fat three processing before the frost flower rate are higher than normal
fertilization. Each processing seed means basically the same. Paid-in seed cotton according to the
processing conditions and local seed cotton price 6.4 yuankg, 4 processing production value
respectively, 22, 23, 24, 940.8, 940.8, 070.4 and 731.2 yuanhm2, four treatments of fertilizer

input costs are respectively 195.5, 3, 4, 3, 4, 594.0, 936.0 936.0 yuanhm2, pest control cost is
RMB 645 hm2, four processing net output of 17 respectively 229.9, 359.8, 19, 20, 18, 492.2 to
830.7 yuanhm2. Compared to the conventional fertilizer (CK) treatment B 1 529.1 yuanhm2,
reduce cost increase compared to the conventional fertilizer (CK) treatment C reduce cost increase
661.5 yuanhm2. Processing B fertilizer effect, therefore, is the most significant, with C because
of saving fertilizer inputs also achieved the purpose of reduce cost increase efficiency.
2.4棉花一次性施用控失肥与常规施肥大田示范对比
2.4 the cotton one- time use accused of losing fat compared with conventional fertilization field
demonstration
从表4可以看出,控失肥前期营养生长较快,结桃慢,但中后期控失肥结桃快,结铃多,产量
增加,说明控失肥营养元素稳步释放原理,对棉花的生长发育起到较好的调节作用。
Can be seen from table 4, accused of losing fat early vegetative growth faster, peach is slow, but
later accused of peach fast weight loss, the boll number, production increase, the loss of fertilizer
nutrient release steadily control principle, has a better adjustment of cotton growth and
development.


3结论与讨论
3 results and discussion


棉花施用控失肥一次性作基肥,减少了施肥次数4次,节约了用工,但不具增产效果;适当
减少基肥中控失肥的数量,补施花铃肥、盖顶肥,较好地满足了棉花肥料需求[5,6],有较好的增
产 效果,同时减少施肥次数2次,节约一定的用工;适当减少基肥中控失肥的数量,只施盖顶肥,
比单纯作 基肥好,节约用工也可实现一定的增产。试验示范表明,控失肥能较好地控制营养元
素流动,肥料流失少 ,不易造成脱肥,对棉花全程生长有较好的调节作用。补施花铃肥、盖顶肥,
符合棉花需肥规律,能促进 棉株多结优质桃,提高霜前花比例。既达到了省工节本的目的,又实
现了增产增收,值得推广应用。
Accused of losing fat disposable cotton application as basal, reduced fertilization times 4 times,
saves labor, but do not hold production effect; Appropriate to reduce the amount of the basal

control fat loss, fill ShiHua fluid fertilizer, topdressing, better meet the demand of the cotton
fertilizer [5, 6], have good production effect, at the same time reduce the fertilizing times 2 times,
save some labor; Appropriate to reduce the amount of the basal control fat loss, only cover top
fertilizer, better than simple as basal, saving labor also can achieve a certain output. Experiment
and demonstration showed that accused of losing fat can flow better control of nutrient elements,
less fertilizer loss, is not easy to cause to take off fat, has better control effect to cotton growth all
the way. Fill ShiHua fluid fertilizer, topdressing, accords with cotton fertilizer, could promote
cotton leaves multi-junction high-quality peach, improve before frost flower ratio. Both reach the
purpose of the province heading, and realized the increase production, is worthy of popularization
and application.


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4 references


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