虚拟制造技术及其应用外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

附录1 外文译文
虚拟制造技术及其应用
摘要：阐述了虚拟制造的基本概念，虚拟制造的核心技术，以及虚拟制造技术应用。
关键词：制造业 虚拟制造 虚拟现实
0 引言
当今的制造业基本技 术日臻成熟，其市场处于以消费者为导向的市场环境下，产品品
种、上市时间和用户满意度成为企业取得 竞争优势的主要因素。制造业这种全球化的激烈
竞争不断催生了各种先进制造技术和新的制造哲理，虚拟 制造技术将会在本世纪涌向潮头，
其朴素的思想和高新的技术手段都为研究领域和业界所推崇。
虚拟制造就是根据企业市场竞争的需求，在强调柔性和快速的前提下，美国80年代提
出的，随着计算 机技术和信息网络技术的发展，在90年代得到人们的重视，并获得迅速的
发展。
1 虚拟制造
虚拟制造的基本思想是在产品制造过程的上游——设计阶段就进行对产品制造全过程
的虚拟集成，将全阶段可能出现的问题解决在这一阶段，通过设计的最优化达到产品的一
次性制造成功。
虚拟现实技术是使用感官组织仿真设备的真实或虚幻环境的动态模型生成或创造出人
能够感知的 环境或现实，使人能够凭借直觉作用于计算机产生的三维仿真模型的虚拟环境。
基于虚拟现实技术的虚拟 制造技术在一个统一模型之下对设计和制造等过程集成，它将与
产品制造相关的各种过程与技术集成在三 维的、动态的仿真真实过程的实体数字模型之上。
其目的是在产品设计阶段，借助建模与仿真技术及时地 、并行地、模拟出产品未来制造过
程乃至产品全生命周期的各种活动对产品设计的影响，预测、检测、评 价产品性能和产品
的可制造性等等。从而更加有效的、经济的、柔性的组织生产，增强决策与控制水平， 有
力地降低由于前期设计给后期制造带来的回溯更改，达到产品的开发周期和成本最小化、
产品 设计质量的最优化、生产效率的最大化。
虚拟制造系统是各制造功能的虚拟集成，它的可视化集成范围 包括与设计相关的各项
子系统的功能，如用户支持、工程分析、材料选用、工艺计划、工装分析、快速原 型，甚
至包括制造企业全部功能（如计划、操作、控制）的集成。
虚拟制造系统拥有产品和相 关制造过程的全部信息，包括虚拟设计、制造和控制产生
的数据、知识和模型信息。虚拟控制制造系统按 照功能归集为三种不同类型的子环境，共
同构成中心三元耦合的系统模式：
（1）虚拟制造设 计中心：给设计者提供各种工具以便虚拟设计、虚拟制造，设计出符
合设计准则（如DFX）的产品模型 ；
（2）虚拟制造加工中心：研究开发产品制造过程模型和环境模型及其分析各种可行的
生产 计划和工艺规划；
（3）虚拟制造控制中心：评价产品设计、产品原型、生产计划、制造模拟和控制策略
等等。
2 虚拟制造技术支持
虚拟制造技术是多学科综合的系统技术，需要研究开发相应的硬件集成 系统与软件，就软
件技术而言，相关的研究支持如下：
可视化：真实、直观地再现主观产品与客观制造过程；

基本环境：增强可视化和其它虚拟制造功能的集成系统平台；
信息描述：表达各种信息，包括数据、知识和模型的统一的方法、语义、语法；
中介模型：构造、定义、开发对过程易于中断介入的模型；
基层集成组织结构：硬件与软件的基层组织结构；
仿真模型：在计算机系统中设计的真实系统模型；
应用方法：产品多样性与过程动态性的共同特征的抽象提取；
制造特征：各种材料在虚拟制造环境中的变化过程；
虚拟制造系统评价：可制造性、工艺性、可靠性、经济性、质量、工期等等。
2.1建模技术
虚拟制造系统是现实制造系统在虚拟环境下的映射，是RMS的模型化、形式化和计算
机化的抽 象描述和表示。VMS的建模应包括：生产模型、产品模型和工艺模型的信息体系结
构。
（1 ）生产模型归纳为静态描述和动态描述两个方面。静态描述是指系统生产能力和生
产特性的描述。动态描 述是指在已知系统状态和需求特性的基础上预测产品生产的全过程。
（2）产品模型是制造过程中，各 类实体对象模型的集合。对VMS来说，要使产品实施
过程中的全部活动集成，就必须具有完备的产品模 型，所以虚拟制造下的产品模型不再是
单一的静态特征模型，它能通过映射、抽象等方法提取产品实施中 各活动所需的模型。
（3）工艺模型将工艺参数与影响制造功能的产品设计属性联系起来，反应生产模 型与
产品模型之间的交互作用。工艺模型必须具备以下功能：计算机工艺仿真、制造
数据表、制造规划、统计模型以及物理和数学模型。
2.2仿真技术
仿真就是应用 计算机对复杂的现实系统经过抽象和简化形成系统模型，然后在分析的
基础上运行此模型，从而得到系统 一系列的统计性能。
仿真的基本步骤为：研究系统——收集数据——建立系统模型——确定仿真算法— —
建立仿真模型——运行仿真模型——输出结果并分析。
产品制造过程仿真，可归纳为制造系 统仿真和加工过程仿真。虚拟制造系统中的产品
开发涉及到产品建模仿真、设计过程规划仿真、设计思维 过程和设计交互行为仿真等，以
便对设计结果进行评价，实现设计过程早期反馈，减少或避免产品设计错 误。加工过程仿
真，包括切削过程仿真、装配过程仿真，检验过程仿真以及焊接、压力加工、铸造仿真等 。
目前上述两类仿真过程是独立发展起来的，尚不能集成，而VM中应建立面向制造全过程的
统 一仿真。
2.3虚拟现实技术
虚拟现实技术是在为改善人与计算机的交互方式，提高计算机 可操作性中产生的，它
是综合利用计算机图形系统、各种显示和控制等接口设备，在计算机上生成可交互 的三维
环境（称为虚拟环境）中提供沉浸感觉的技术。
由图形系统及各种接口设备组成，用来 产生虚拟环境并提供沉浸感觉，以及交互操作
的计算机系统称为虚拟现实系统。虚拟现实系统包括操作者 、机器和人机接口3个基本要
素。利用VRS可以对真实世界进行动态模似，通过用户的交互输入，并及 时按输出修改虚
拟环境，使人产生身临其境的沉浸感觉。虚拟现实技术是VM的关键技术之一。
3 VM在制造业中应用
虽然在产品开发过程中应用建模和仿真可以大大缩短开发周期，改进 产品的性能和可
靠性，但在工业界的设计过程中实际应用并不多。目前的仿真系统还不能适应工业界在设
计过程中进行分析和验证等的要求。
高级工程仿真系统应具有下列特点：
1

三维的复杂零件”零件接口；本质上不同响应特性的多元材料；材料重要的非 线性性
质，诸如：非牛顿行为、塑料变形、断裂；多相现象；带有化学反应的多相能量转移；移
动或自由边界；非线性动力学。
在以模型为基础的设计中，实现高级工程仿真的关键技术可归纳如下：
用户接口；分析式立体造型；对壳体和实体的先进网格生成算法（有限元分析用）；解
的误差分 析和改进；材料模型；优化目标函数的设计；面向对象的软件工程；海量并行计
算；可视化。
把这些技术集成起来，可以帮助设计者进行设计，了解设计出来的产品的性能。应用
上述先进的网格生成 算法、误差分析及计算，可组成自适应算法，使仅懂得机构、不懂得
分析的设计者也能设计产品及设计这 一产品的制造过程。自适应能力可以保证分析的精度。
由于重要的几何性质可以参数化，因此可以进行形 状的优化等。
虚拟制造技术首先在飞机、汽车等领域获得成功的应用。目前VMT应用在以下几个方
面：
3.1虚拟企业
虚拟企业建立，其中有一条最重要的原因是因为各企业本身无法单独满足市场 需求，
迎接市场挑战。因此，为了快速响应市场的需求，围绕新产品开发，利用不同地域的现有
资源、不同的企业或不同地点的工厂，重新组织一个新公司。该公司在运行之前，必须分
析组合是否最优 ，能否协调运行，并对投产后的风险、利益分配等进行评估。这种联作公
司称为虚拟公司，或者叫作动态 联盟，是一种虚拟企业，它具有集成性和实效性两大特点
的经济实体。
3.2虚拟产品设计
例如飞机、汽车的外形设计，其形状是否符合空气动力学原理，运动过程中的阻力，
其内部结构 布局的合理性等。在复杂管道系统设计中，采用虚拟技术，设计者可以”进入
其中0进行管道布置，并可 检查能否发生干涉。在计算机上的虚拟产品设计，不但能提高
设计效率，而且能尽早发现设计中的问题， 从而优化产品的设计。例如美国波音公司投资
40亿美元研制波音777喷气式客机，从1990年10 月开始到1994年6月仅用了3年零8
个月时间就完成了研制，一次试飞成功，投入运营。波音公司分 散在世界各地的技术人员
可以从777客机数以万计的零部件中调出任何一种在计算机上观察、研究、讨 论，所有零
部件均是三维实体模型。可见虚拟产品设计给企业带来的效益。
3.3虚拟产品制造
应用计算机仿真技术，对零件的加工方法、工序顺序、工装的选用、工艺 参数的选用，
加工工艺性、装配工艺性、配合件之间的配合性、连接件之间的连接性、运动构件的运动< br>性等均可建模仿真，可以提前发现加工缺陷，提前发现装配时出现的问题，从而能够优化
制造过程 ，提高加工效率。
3.4虚拟生产过程
产品生产过程的合理制定、人力资源、制造资源、物 料库存、生产调度、生产系统的
规划设计等，均可通过计算机仿真进行优化，同时还可对生产系统进行可 靠性分析，对生
产过程的资金进行分析预测，对产品市场进行分析预测等，从而对人力资源、制造资源的
合理配置，对缩短产品生产周期，降低成本意义重大。
4 虚拟制造系统体系结构
CIM集成是通过物理的、逻辑的联系以便在制造设备之间传递信号，以庞大的信息流为
“网线”粘连起 企业活动的全部活动“节点”，共同浇结成一整块“企业机器”，实际上从
各个方面降低了企业的柔性。 而虚拟制造则完全是数字模型的集成，提供了有别于CIMS“物
理集成”的虚拟集成方案，将相互孤立 的制造技术如CAD、CAM、CAPP等等集成在一个虚拟
2

产 品制造环境下，以现实对制造过程的一一对应的模型化映射关系，它相对于物理世界有
功能一致性、结构 相似性的特点，是对实体制造企业的产品、作业、环境及其评价行为等
等四个特征的虚拟实现。虚拟现实 技术应用于现在的制造系统如CAD、CAPP、CAM，能够大
大增强各个子系统之间的协调与并行。 面向模型集成各个子系统功能是虚拟制造技术的关
键之一，由于产品的多样性与制造过程的动态性，虚拟 制造环境是一个动态多变的集成环
境，其过程会产生大量的各种数据，虚拟过程的数据管理变得非常复杂 。面向产品与过程
的虚拟制造系统需要对产品、作业、环境和评价的数据、知识、模型进行共同特征抽取 与
异型制造过程创建。
拟实制造的基础是对制造过程（即把各种材料变成产品的过程 ）的理论和方法进行深
入的了解。有了这些了解，才有可能在计算机上进行拟实制造，从而揭示一个产品 制造全
过程的种种复杂问题。随着拟实制造的发展，它将为工程师们提供一个从产品的概念形成、
设计、制造到实现的全过程三维可视及交互的环境；它将促使实现制造驱动设计，要求设
计者在设计阶 段把一个产品的构思、设计、制造统统考虑好。目前，电子类产品，特别是
大规模集成电路，相对地比机 械类产品简单，制造过程具有通用性，发展得较成熟；机械
类产品相对较复杂，进展得较慢。另外，拟实 制造的实现是建筑在一个企业内外实行计算
机集成基础上的，只有在大范围采用计算机集成后，才能有效 地实行拟实制造，并在这基
础上过渡到敏捷制造时代。因此，今天我们在大范围内推广CIMS的应用， 是有很深远的历
史意义的。它将为我国实现跳跃式发展，打下坚实的基础。
附录2 外文原文
Virtual Manufacturing Technology and Its Application
Abstract：This paper describes the fundamental conception，the key virtual technology
of virtual manufacturing and its application.
Keywords：Manufacturing industry Virtual manufacturing Virtual reality
0 preface
Nowadays the manufacturing industry basic technique is attain mature, its market
be placed in with consumer for direction of market environment descend, product
species, the time appear on market and the customer satisfaction to become main
factor that the business enterprise obtains the competitive advantage. The
manufacturing industry fierce competition of this kind of globalization urges to
born various of the manufacturing technique and new manufacturing philosophies
forerunners continuously, Virtual manufacturing technique will flow out toward the
tide head in this century, it’s simple thought and high and new technique means
are all worshiped by studying realm and industries .
Virtual manufacturing just according to the need of the business enterprise
market competition, while emphasize the gentle and fast premise, in the 80's the
United States put forward of, along with the development of the computer technique
and the information networks technical, get the people's value in 90's, and acquire
the quick development.
1 virtual manufacturing
The basic thought of the virtual manufacturing is in the upper stream of the
product process- the design stage carry on the conjecture to the product making of
the whole process gather, resolving the problem that may appear in the whole stage
3

in this stage, passing to design superior to turn once manufacturing success of
attain the product.
The virtual realistic technique is a dynamic state model that uses the sense
organs organization to imitate the true or vain environment of true equipments born
or create a person can the feeling know of environment or actuality, make person
can with borrow the intuition function in three D that calculator produce imitates
the true model of virtual environment. According to realistic technical virtual
manufacturing technique of conjecture at an unifies the model under gather to the
processes such as design and manufacturing etc., it will make with product related
various process and techniques gather in three D of, imitate the true true process
dynamic state of numerical model of entity on. Its purpose designs the stage in the
product, asking for help to set up the mold with imitate the true technique in time,
abreast, imitate to produce the article to make in the future the process is to go
to various activity of the product whole life cycle to the influence that product
design, estimate, examination, evaluate the product function and products can make
the sex etc.. Thus and more valid of, economy of, the gentle organization produce,
strengthenning decision and controling the level, lowering emolliently because of
expecting to design before to behind expected to make to bring of returned to change,
attain the development period and cost minimums, products of the product design
quantity superior to turn and produced the efficiency to maximize.
The conjecture manufacturing system is the conjecture of each manufacturing
function to gather, it can see to turn to gather the scope includes and designs
various functions of related sub- system, if customer support, engineering analysis,
the material chooses to use, the craft plan, work pack analysis, fast prototype,
even include to make all functions( such as plan, operation, control) of business
enterprise to gather.
The conjecture manufacturing system owns all informations of the product and
related manufacturing process, including the conjecture design and making and
controling the output data, knowledge and model virtual control
manufacturing system returns to gather to three kinds of sub- environments of
different type according to the function, the system mode that the common composing
center three dollar match:
(1)Conjecture manufacturing design center: the one who give design provides
various tool for the purpose of conjecture design, the conjecture manufacturing,
design to match the product model of design the standard( such as DFX);
(2)Conjecture the manufacturing processes the center: Study to develop the
product manufacturing process model and the environment models and its nalytical
various viable production plan and craft programmingses;
(3)Conjecture manufacturing control centre:Evaluate the product design, product
prototype, produce the plan and make to imitate and control the strategy etc..
2 conjecture manufacturing technique support
The conjecture manufacturing technique is the system technique that many course
synthesize, the hardware that needs to study the development to correspond gather
system and software, in regard to the software technique, the related research
4

support is as follows:
Can see to turn: True, keep the view ground to reappear the subjective product
and objective manufacturing processes;
Basic environment: The to build up can see to turn to gather with other conjecture
manufacturing function system terrace;
Information description: Express various information, include data, knowledge
and the united method, language righteousness, phrasing of the models;
Win to lie the model: Structure, definition, the model that develop to be easy
to to the process break off to get involved;
The basic level gather the organization structure: Grass- roots organization
structure of the hardware and software;
Imitate the true model: True system model of the design in the calculator system;
Applied method: The product abstraction of diverse sex and process dynamic state
and common characteristic withdraw;
Make the characteristic: Various material makes the variety process in the
environment in the conjecture;
Conjecture manufacturing system evaluation: Can make sex, craft, credibility,
economy, quantity, the work period...etc..
2.1 set up the mold technique
The conjecture manufacturing system is an actuality manufacturing system under the
virtual environment of reflect to shoot, is a RMS model to turn, the formalization
and calculators turn abstract description and mean. The VMS set up the mold and should
include: Produce the information system structure of the model, the product model
and the craft model.
(1)Produce the model induces to describe to describe two aspects with dynamic
state for the static state. The static state description mean the system production
ability and produce the description of the characteristic .The dynamic state
description mean on the foundation that have already known the system appearance
and the need characteristic the whole process that the estimate product produce.
(2)The product model is to make in the process, each kind of entity object model
gather. To VMS, to make all activities within the product implement processes gather,
must have the complete product model, so virtual manufacturing under of product model
is not the single static state characteristic model any more, it can pass to reflect
to shoot, abstract etc. the method withdraw the product implement in the model that
each activity need.
(3)The craft model hand over the product design that the craft parameter and
influences make the function belongs to sex to contact, respond the of produce the
model and the product model with each other craft model must have the
following function:The calculator craft imitate true, manufacturing
Data form, manufacturing programming, the covariance model and physicses and
mathematics models.
2.2 imitate the true technique
Imitate is really applied calculator to complicated of realistic system becomes the
system model through abstraction and simplifications, then circulate this model on
5

the analytical foundation, thus getting the covariance function of the system a
series.
Imitate the really basic step is: Study the system- collections data-
establishment the system model- the assurance imitates the true calculate way- build
up imitating the true model- circulate imitate the true model- output the result
is also analytical.
The product manufacturing process really imitate, can induce for make the system
to imitate true and really process the process to imitate. Conjecture manufacturing
product within system development involve the product to set up the mimicry true,
design process programming imitate true, design the thinking process and designs
hand over with each other the behavior imitates true etc., in order to as a result
carry on the evaluation to the design, realization design process earlier period
feedback, reduce or avoid the product design mistake. Process the process really
imitate, including to slice to pare the process to imitate true, really assemble
the process to imitate, examine the process to imitate true and weld, the pressure
process, casts to imitate true etc..Above-mentioned currently two the types imitate
the true process to develop independently of, can't gather still, but VM in really
should build up face to make the whole process to unify to imitate.
2.3 virtual realistic technique
Virtual realistic technique is at for improve the person to hand over with
calculator with each other way, output in the exaltation calculator maneuverability,
it is to synthesize to make use of the calculator sketch system, various
manifestation and control etc. to connect a people's equipments, providing to sink
the technique of immerse the felling in compute on board born lternant three D
environment ( be called the virtual environment)
From the sketch system and various connect a people's equipments to constitute,
use to produce the virtual environment and provide to sink to immerse the felling,
and the calculator department that hand over to operate with each other knows
together as the virtual realistic virtual realistic system includes the
operation the , machine and person's machine connects 3 essential elements
use of the VRS can carry on the dynamic state mold to the real world, hand over through
a customer to input with each other, and modify the virtual environment according
to the exportation in time, make person the creation body faces its band to sink
to immerse the virtual realistic technique is one of the VM key
techniques.
3 the VM is applied in the manufacturing industry
Although in product develop process the application set up the mold and imitate
and really can shorten to develop the period consumedly, the function and
credibilities of the improvement product, in the design process of the industry field
the actual application combine not e the request that the true system
can't still adapt the industry field to carry on the analysis and verification etc.
in design process currently.
The deluxe engineering imitate the true system and should have the following
characteristics:
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Three complicated spare parts of the D the spare parts connects; Essentially
different respond to diverse material of the characteristic; The material is
important not the line property, such as: Not Newton's behavior, plastics transform,
splits; Have another mutually phenomenon; Take to have the chemical reaction much
and mutually the energy transfer; Move or free boundary; Not line dynamics.
In taking model as basal design, carry out the deluxe engineering to imitate
the true key technique and can induce as follows:
The customer connects; Stereoscopic shape of analytical type; To the born calculate
way of the hull body and the advanced mesh of the entities;( an analysis use)The
error margin of the solution analysis and improvement; Material model; Excellent
turn the design of the target function; Face to the software engineering of the object;
The sea quantity proceeds together the calculation; Can see to turn.
These techniques the one who gather get up, can in aid of design carries on the design,
the function of the product that the understanding design come out. Apply the mesh
born calculate way, the error margin analysis and calculations of the
above-mentioned forerunner, can compose of to adapt the calculate way, making know
only the organization and don't know the analytical design also can design the
product and design the manufacturing process of this product. Can guarantee the
analytical accuracy from the orientation ability. Important several properties can
turn with the parameter, so can carry on the shape excellent to turn etc..
The application that the conjecture manufacturing technique achieve success in the
realms, such as airplane and automobile...etc. first. Currently the VMT application
at following few aspects:
3.1 virtual business enterprise
Virtual business enterprise establishment, among them have the most important
reason is because each business enterprise can't satisfy the market need alone,
greeting the market ore, for responding to the need of the market
quickly, surround the new product development, make use of the existing resources,
different business enterprise of the different region or the factory of different
locations, re- organize a new company must analyze whether combination
is superior or not before movement, can moderate the movement, and to hurl the risk,
the benefits allotment...etc. of the postnatal period carry on the
kind of the parter company to be called the virtual company, or be called the dynamic
state alliance, is a kind of virtual business enterprise, it has to gather economic
entity of sex and real results two greatest characteristicses.
3.2 virtual product design
For example the shape design of the airplane, automobile, whether its shape match
the aerodynamicist principle or not, the sport resistance within process,
rationality etc. that its internal structure the complicated piping
system design, the one who adopt virtual technique, design can
0 carry on piping's arrange, and can check and can take place the interference. At
compute the on board virtual product design, not only can raise to design the
efficiency, but also can discover the problem in the design as early as possible,
thus excellent turn the design of the product. For example the American company of
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Boeing invests USD 4,000,000,000 to research to manufacture 777 blow out gas type
aerobuses of Boeing, using zero 8 month times of 3 years to complete to research
to manufacture only from since October of 1990 to June of 1994, trying to fly the
success once, devotion luck Boeing company dispersion adjusts to serve as
HE2 YI to sow in to compute the on board observation, research, discussion in the
technical personnel of the world-wide locations can from millions zero parts of 777
aerobuses, all zero partses are three D entity models all. It is thus clear that
the virtual product designs the performance that brings for business enterprise.
3.3 virtual product manufacturing
The applied calculator imitates the true technique, processing the method, the
work preface to the spare parts in proper order, the work pack of choose to use,
the craft parameter chooses to use, processing the craft, assembling the craft,
matching with the match between piece, linking the conjunction between piece and
exercising a piece of sport etc. really all can set up mimicry, can discover to
process the blemish in advance, appearing while discovering the assemble in advance
of problem, thus can be excellent to turn to make the process, the exaltation
processes the efficiency.
3.4 virtual production line
The product production line of reasonable establishment, human resource,
manufacturing resources, material stock, produce to adjust the degree and produce
the programming of the system design etc., all can imitate through a calculator to
really carry on excellent turn, at the same time can also carry on the analytical
estimate towards producing the system to carry on dependable sex analyze, to the
funds of the production line, carry on to the product market analytical estimate
etc., thus to the human resource, make the reasonable of the resources to install,
decline the low cost meaning graveness towards shortenning the product production
period,.
4 conjecture manufacturing system system structure
The CIM gather is pass the physics of, logic of contact in order to at make of the
equipments to deliver the signal, with the huge information flow for all activities
nodethatthe net lineglue to connect to rise the business enterprise activity,
sprinkle to become one whole piece
lowered the business enterprise gentle from each one the virtual
manufacturing then is a numerical model to gather completely, provided to have do
not in the CIMS
manufacturing technique,such as CAD, CAM, CAPP...etc., stand alone mutually under
a virtual product manufacturing environment, with actuality to the manufacturing
process of 11 rightnesses of should of model turn to reflect to shoot the relation,
it is opposite in the characteristics that the physics world have a great achievement
the ability consistency, the structure likeness, evaluating four virtual
realizations of characteristic of the behavior etc. to the product, homework,
environment that the entity make the business enterprise and virtual
realistic technique manufacturing system apply in now,such as CAD, CAPP, CAM,, can
strengthen the coordination between each statures system consumedly with proceed
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to the model gather each statures system function is a conjecture
to make one of the technical keys, because of diverse sex of the product and the
dynamic state of the manufacturing processes, the conjecture manufacturing
environment is a dynamic state to change much of gather environment, its process
will produce in great quantities various data, the data of the virtual process the
management become very to the virtual manufacturing system of the
product and process to need to the product, homework, environment and evaluations
of data, knowledge, model carry on common characteristic's sample to establish with
a manufacturing process.
The foundation that draws up the solid manufacturing is the theories to the
manufacturing process( namely the process that various material becomes the product)
and methods to carry on the thorough these understanding, just
may go forward to go to draw up the solid manufacturing in the calculator, thus
announce to public various complicated problems of a product manufacturing whole
with draw up the development of the solid manufacturing, it will
provide for the engineers a from the product of concept formation, design, make whole
process three D of the realization and can see and alternant environment;It will
urge the realization manufacturing to drive the design, the one who request to design
is designing the stage to conceive outline, design, make a product and considering
entirely and tly, electronics product, especially large scale
integration, relatively more simple than machine product, make the process to have
the in general use, develop more mature. The machine product is opposite more
complicated, make progress slower. Moreover, the realization that draws up the solid
manufacturing is a building to practice the calculator to gather outside a business
enterprise inside foundation up of, only after big scope the adoption calculator
gather, then can practice to draw up the solid manufacturing availably, and transfer
the quick in action to make the ages on this foundation. Therefore, we expand the
CIMS application within the scope of big today, having the very profound history
meaning. It will carry out the jump up type development for the our country, beat
solid foundat

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