安全工程专业英语部分翻译

安全工程专业英语部分
翻译
文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

Unit 1 safety management system
Accident causation models 事
故致因理论

Safety management 安全管理

Process industry 制造工业

Hazard control 危险控制

Intensive study 广泛研究

Physical conditions 物质条件
Machine guarding 机械
保护装置

House-keeping 工作场所
管理

Top management 高层管理
人员

Human errors 人因
失误

Accident-proneness models 事故
倾向模型

Munitions factory 军工厂

Causal factors 起因

Risking taking 冒险行为

Corporate culture 企业文
化

Loss prevention 损失预防

Organizational performance 企
业绩效

Mutual trust 相互信任

Safety officer 安全
官员

Safety committee 安全委员
会

Shop- floor 生产区

Unionized company 集团公司
Seniority 资历、工龄

Local culture 当地
文化

Absenteeism rate 缺勤率

Power relations 权力关系

Status review 状态
审查

Lower-level management 低层管理
者

Business performance 组织绩效

Most senior executive 高级主管

Supervisory level 监督层

Safety principle 安全规则

Wall-board 公告栏

Implement plan 执行计划

Hazard identification 危险辨识

Safety performance
性能
安全
One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has
been presented by Schein who has said the organizational
culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions – invented,
discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope
with its problems of external adaptation and internal
integration – that has worked well enough to be considered
valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the
correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those
problems”

译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文 化是由若干基
本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问
题与内部整 合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作
的有效性得到了认可，因此将它作为一种正确 的方法传授给新成员，让
他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问
题]。

The safety culture of an organization is the product of
individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions,
competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the
commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an
organization’s health and safety management.

译文：组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体的价值观、 态
度、观念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健
康安全管理的责任，以 及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。

Unit 2 System Safety Engineering
System safety engineering 系
统安全工程

By-product 附带产生
的结果

Engineering practice 工程实
践

Safety problem 安全问
题

Accelerating technology
速发展的技术

Safety effort 安全投入

System’s life cycle 系统的生
命周期

快
System effectiveness 系统有效
性

Logical reasoning
Potential accident
故

Accident cause 事故原因

Logical programming
划

System hazard
Safety input
系统危害

安全投入

合理的规
逻辑推理

潜在事
Inherently safe system 本质安全
系统

Schedule delays 进度拖延

Concept phase 初步计划阶段

Safety criteria 安全标准

Government regulations 政
府管制

System operation 系统运行

System analysis 系统分析

System design 系统设计

Aid in 有助于

Equipment specifications 设
备说明

Maintenance plans 维护计划
Safety problems 安全问题

Development phase 发展阶段
Operation phase 运行阶段

Performance reviews 绩效评估
Disposal phase 处理阶段

Intuitive process 直觉过程
Make decisions 做决定

Hazard control 危险控制

Protective apparel 防护服

Engineering solutions 工程方法
手段



Protective devices 保护装置

Warning devices 报警装置

Incorrect interpretation 误
解

Hazardous material 危险物质

Work area layout 工业区布局

Educational solutions 教育方法
手段

Training sessions 培训会议

Safety promotion programs 安
全促进项目

Administrative solutions 行
政方法手段

Personnel selection 人员选择

Safety shoes 安全鞋

Safety belt 安全带

Safety glasses 防护眼镜

Accident prevention 事故预防

Technical system 技术系统

Responsible official 负责人

Hazard analysis is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to
be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the
system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely
depends on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the
analysis. Anyone who has a thorough, working knowledge of both
the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be
used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of
several persons with varying backgrounds are usually required
to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard information
is obtained.

译文：危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。对于一个有意义的分析，< br>必须在有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述。它的成功主
要取决于进行分析的人所具 有的技能与知识。只要对被研究的系统和用
于分析的技术有全面的了解，任何人都可以进行危险分析。在 实践过程
中，要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息，必须要一些具有不同知识背景
的人共同努力才 行。

System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to
accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved
from efforts to improve the safety of the complex technical
systems that are common in today’s society. It is based on the
ideas that accidents result from a number of interacting causes
within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be

logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the
logical application of scientific and management principles
over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering
attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.

译文：安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法。它的概念和相
关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在的复杂技术系统安全性的各种努力过
程中逐渐发展而来的。它基于这 样一个思想，即所有的事故都是系统内
大量相互作用的原因造成的，理论上，各种原因及相互作用都能被 识
别、评估，并得到控制。通过在系统的生命周期内合理的应用科学的管
理原则，系统安全工程 就有望获得最佳的安全程度。

The efforts necessary to achieve the desired degree of safety
are usually organized into formal programs. The objective of
such programs is to assure that system hazards are eliminated
or otherwise controlled as early in the life cycle as possible.
Most of the detail work involved in a system safety program is
in the performance of hazard analyses. With the information
provided by analysis, responsible officials can determine the
safest, most efficient means of controlling the hazards
identified.

译文：要想获得所期望的安全程 度，所有必须做的工作都应编制成正式
的计划。这些计划的目标就是确保系统里的危险被消除，或者使危 险在
系统生命周期内尽早的得到控制。系统安全计划中的大量具体工作在危

险分析的过程中得以执行。通过分析提供的信息，负责人就能选择最安
全、最有效的方式来控制被识别出来的危险。

Unit 3 The ergonomics Process
ergonomics process 人机工程
过程

MSDs （are injuries and
illnesses of the safe tissue
and nervous system that affect
your body’s: Muscles, Nerves,
Tendons(经脉), Ligaments(韧
带 ), Joints）由肌肉组织或神经
系统引起的伤害或疾病

Upper echelons 上层、高层

hourly employee 钟点工

Job sites 工地

Ergonomics committee 人机工程
委员会

Medical management 医疗管理
Musculoskeletal stressors 肌
肉骨骼紧张性刺激

Ergonomics input 人机工程投入


Management commitment 管理承诺
行为

Manufacturing engineers 制
造业工程师

Plant manager 工厂经理

Process engineer 生产工程师

Human resource manager 人力资源
经理

Safety manager 安全经理

Sub-committee 分委员会

Overseeing body 监督主体

low back disorder 腰部疾病
Active and passive
surveillance 主动和被动监
督

Job stressors 工作压力源

Follow-up 后续工作

Ergonomics awareness 人机工程
意识

Follows through 实现，把…进
行到底

Chain of command 指挥链

Hit list 黑名单
You must assess the outcome of the hazard identification
process and determine if immediate action is necessary or if,
in fact, there is an actual hazard involved. When you do not
view a reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to
the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view
it as a true hazard and explain why. This will insure the
continued cooperation of workers in hazard identification.

你必须对危险辨识过程中得到的结果进行评估，并决定在实 际危险存在
时是否需要立刻采取措施。当你不把一个已被报告的危险当做一个实际
存在的危险时 ，你必须在工作过程中告诉工人你没把这个被报告的危险
当做一个真正的危险，并解释原因。这将确保工 人们在危险识别过程中
进行持续合作。

Unit 4 Hazard identification
Hazard identification 危险识别

Outcome 后果

Budgetary constraint 预算约束

Jobsite safety inspection 工
作场所安全检查

Accident investigation 事故调查

重视

Labor management committee 劳
动管理委员会

Ongoing process 正在进行的过
程

Place on
Exposure limit 暴露极限

Ventilation system 通风系统

Accident incidence
率

Severity rate
事故发生Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合
症

严重事故率

工业事故

Extreme temperature 极限温度

Industrial accident Worker-oriented 以人为本的

Mitigate 减轻缓和

Abatement 降低消除
Work procedure 工作操作程序

Walk-round inspection 巡视

Overexertion 用力过度

This approach to hazard identification does not require that
someone with special training conduct it. It can usually be
accomplished by the use of a short fill-in-the-blank
questionnaire. This hazard identification technique works well
where management is open and genuinely concerned about the
safety and health of its workforce. The most time-consuming
portion of this process is analyzing the assessment and
response regarding potential hazards identified. Empowering
workers to identify hazards, make recommendations on abatement
of the hazards, and then suggest how management can respond to
these potential hazards is essential.

这种危险辨识的方法不需要经过特需训练的人来执行。通常经过一个简
短的问卷调查就能完成。在一些管理比较开放、真心关心工人安全和健
康的地方，这种危险辨识 方法能起到很好的作用。这个过程中最耗时的
部分就是对识别的潜在的危险进行分析评估和反馈。赋予工 人识别危

险、对减小危险提出建议并提出如何对这些潜在的危险进行管理的权利
是必须的。

Unit 5 What is an OHSMS
OHSMS 职业健康安全管理体系

Legacy 遗产，留给后人的东
西

In practice 在实践中

Allow for 考虑到

Regulatory system 监管体系
Review phase 审查阶段

Specific objective 特殊目标
Corrective action 纠正措施
Be central to 极为重要

Systematic approach 系统方法
Systemic linkage 体系联动

Inter-linked 相互链接

Feedback loop 反馈环

Specific program element 详
细计划

Mandatory 强制的

Arise from 由。。。引起

Strategic objective 战略目标

Commercial pressure 商业压力

Principal contractor 总承包商

Hybrid method 混合方法

Market-based 基于市场的

Formalised prescription 正式的
法规规定

Mandated principle 明文规定
的原则

Stem from 起源于，来自于

Regulatory framework 规章制度

European Union Framework
Directive 欧盟框架指令

All-encompassing approach 包
罗万象的方法

Sparingly 少量的

Home grown 国产的自己制定

Chamber of Commerce and
Industry 工商会工商联

Framing 编制制定

Emergency planning 应急计划

Mutually exclusive
的

相互排斥
Planning and accountability 计
划与职责

Managerialist and
participative models 经理主导
模式和参与模式

bureaucratic model
Top down
Trace to
由上而下

追溯到

官僚模式

Quality levels 质量标准

Expand upon 详述进一步阐述

Level of achievement 成就水平

Performance level
Graduating up
执行标准


逐渐变化
At the behest of 在。。。命令
要求下

Set out 阐述、陈列Empirical test 经验实验

Conversely, an alternative participative model of “management
systems” can be traced to socio-technical systems theory,
which emphasises organisational interventions based on analysis
of the inter-relationships of technology, environment, the
orientation of participants, and organisational structure.

相反，一个可选择来使用的“管理系统”模型可以追溯到社会-技术系统
理论，该理论强调组织 干预，这种组织干预是建立在对技术、环境、参
与者的定位及组织结构之间的相互关系进行分析的基础上 的。

So far, we have shown that OHSMS can vary upon a number of
dimensions relating to method of implementation, system
characteristics, and degree of implementation. Such variance is
important because it affects evaluation and measurement of

OHSMS performance. Measures appropriate for one dimension of a
system will be irrelevant to another. Evaluation of OHSMS
effectiveness may need to take account of what systems are
expected to do. Are they to meet complex system or simple
design standards Are they implemented at the behest of
management or external OHS authorities Are objectives the
simple ones such as reducing direct lost-time injuries or do
they include satisfying multiple stakeholders Are they at an
early or established stage of development; and which of several
different configurations of control strategy and management
structurestyle is adopted

到目前为止，我们已经表明OHSMS能呈现多样性的特征，这些特征与执
行方法、系统特征和执行程度相关。这种多样性的变化非常重要，因为
它对OHSMS性能的评 价和测量有影响。对一个体系的某种特征适合的方
法可能对另一个特征不合适。OHSMS有效性的评价 需要考虑到底期望这个
体系来干什么它们满足复杂的体系呢还是只是一个简单的设计标准它们
是 不是在管理者或者外界OHS权威人士的要求下被执行的它们的目标是
这种简单的（比如减少直接的时间 损失伤害）还是使多数风险金管理机
构满意它们是在处于形成的早期还是在建立时期采取哪一种不同控制 策
略的形态和管理结构形式

Unit 6 Industrial Hygiene
Industrial hygiene 工业卫生

Physical hazards 物理危
害、物质危害

Nonionizing radiation 非电离辐
射

Adverse effects 副作用、坏的
影响

Loud noise 嘈杂的声音

Chemical bum 化学烧伤

Live electrical circuits 带
电电路

Confined space 密闭空间

Hearing loss 听力丧失

Physical or mental disturbance
身体或精神障碍

Annoyance 烦恼

Grinder 砂轮机

Power tools 电动工具

Narrow band noise 窄带噪声
Impulse 脉冲

Sound level meter 噪声计

Threshold of pain 痛觉阈

Jet engine 喷气式发动机



Time-weighted average 时间加权
平均

Snap 捻手指的声音

Heat stress 热威胁、热应力

Extremity 四肢

Shivering 颤抖

Hard labor 辛苦工作

Fatigued 疲乏的

Living tissue 活组织

Plastic sealer 塑料密封机

Biological Hazards 生物危害
Mold 霉菌

Potable water 饮用水

Sewage 污水

Physical contact 身体接触

Allergic reaction 过敏反应
Insect scale 介壳虫

Severe pain 剧烈的疼痛

Manual handling 手工处理

Disk injuries 椎间盘伤害

Airborne 空中的

On a daily basis 每天

Hazard Communications Standard
危害通识规定

规定、条款

Chemical asphyxiant
物质

化学窒息
Stipulation Central nervous system 中枢神经
系统Trade name 商标名

Hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢

Industrial hygiene has been defined as “that science or art
devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and
control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in
or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired
health and well-being, or significant discomfort and
inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the
community”.

工业卫生被定义为：“ 致力于预测、识别、评估和控制环境因素或压力
的科学与技术，这些压力产生或来自于工作场所，能够造 成疾病、损害
人们的幸福安康、或使工人或社区居民的工作效率不高，并使他们感觉
到很不舒服 ”。

Noise is a serious hazard when it results in temporary or
permanent hearing loss, physical or mental disturbance, any
interference with voice communications, or the disruption of a
job, rest, relaxation, or sleep. Noise is any undesired sound
and is usually a sound that bears no information with varying
intensity. It interferes with the perception of wanted sound,

and is likely to be harmful, cause annoyance, andor interfere
with speech.

当噪音导致暂时或永 久的听力丧失，使身体或精神发生紊乱，对语言交
流产生干扰，或对工作、休息、放松、睡觉产生干扰时 ，它是一种非常
严重的危害。噪音是任何不被期望的声音，它通常是一种强度变化但不
包括任何 信息的声音。它干扰人们对正常声音的辨别，可能是有害的，
能使人烦恼，并（或）干扰人们说话。
Unit 9 Accident Investigation
Accident Investigation 事故调查

After-the-fact 事实背后的

Take an investigation 进行调查

Fact-finding process 寻找事实
的过程

Insurance carrier
承保人

Place blame 推卸责任

Permanent total disability 永
久全部劳动力丧失

For simplicity 为简单起见

Accident prevention 事故预防

保险公司
Investigative procedures
查过程

Fact finding 寻找事实

调
Operating procedures flow
diagrams 操作过程流程图

维修图表

Maintenance chart
Bound notebook 活页笔记本

Physical or chemical law
理或化学定律

Table of contents
Narrative 叙事的

Counter-measure 干预措施
目录

物
Investigator collects evidence from many sources during an
investigation, gets information from witnesses and observation

as well as by reports, interviews witnesses as soon as possible
after an accident, inspects the accident site before any
changes occur, takes photographs and makes sketches of accident
scene, records all pertinent data on maps, and gets copies of
all reports. Documents containing normal operating procedures
flow diagrams, maintenance charts or reports of difficulties or
abnormalities are particularly useful. Keep complete and
accurate notes in a bound notebook. Record pre-accident
conditions, the accident sequence and post-accident conditions.
In addition, document the location of victims, witnesses,
machinery, energy sources, and hazardous materials.

调查人员在调查过程中从各方面收集证据，从证人、旁观者及一些相关
报道中得到信息，在事故发生后尽快的找目击证人谈话，在事故现场遭
到改变前进行检查，对事 故场景进行拍照并绘制草图，记录与地形相关
的所有数据，并将所有的报道复印保存。记录常规的操作流 程图、维修
图表或对困难、异常现象的报告等非常有用。在活页笔记本中完整准确
的记录。记录 事故发生前的环境、事故顺序及事故发生后的环境情况
等。另外，记录伤者、证人、机械、能量来源和危 害物质的位置。

Unit 10 Safety Electricity
Safety electricity 安全用电

Break contact
Hot side
断开接点触电

Electrical equipment 电力设备

Fuse puller 保险丝夹

高压端

Load side 负荷端

Line side 线路火线端

Groundfault circuit interrupt
漏电保护器

接地故障

Ventricular fibrillation
室颤动

Twitching 颤搐

Ventricle 心室

心
Ground fault
Receptacle 电源插座

Hot bubs 热水澡桶

水底照明

Artificial respiration 人工呼吸

Cardio- pulmonary resuscitation
心肺复苏术

Underwater lighting
Fountains 人工喷泉

Cardiac arrest 心跳停止

Heart stoppage 心脏骤停

Lockout
中性导体

Tagout
上锁

挂牌

Ungrounded (hot)conductor 未
接地(高压)导体火线

Neutral conductor
Fault current 故障电流

Bypassing 回避绕过

Jammed 卡住的堵塞的

Load center 载荷中心

Panelboard 配电板

Branch-circuit 分支电路

CB 一种多功能插座

插入式

Ball valves 球形阀

ANSI 美国国家标准协会

Color coded 色标彩色编码

Keyed 键控制的

Plug-in
Electrical shock 电击电击事故

Take chance 冒险

Labored 困难的

Rust-resistant 防锈的

Shackle 镣铐钩链

Kit 成套设备装备
Lockouttagout kits are also available. A lockouttagout kit
contains items required to comply with the OSHA lockouttagout

standards. Lockouttagout kits contain reusable danger tags,
tag ties, multiple lockouts, locks, magnetic signs, and
information on lockouttagout procedures. Be sure the source of
electricity remains open or disconnected when returning to work
whenever leaving a job for any reason or whenever the job
cannot be completed the same day.

上锁挂牌 成套设备也是可用的。上锁挂牌套件中包含有必须满足OSHA
上锁挂牌标准的组件。上锁挂牌套件中包 含有可重复使用的危险标
签、临时悬挂标志、各种闭锁、锁、磁性标志、及与上锁挂牌相关的信
息。无论什么原因停下工作或当天不能完成工作时，在返回工作的时候
都要确保电源保持断开或非连接状 态。

Unit 11 Machinery equipment safety
Machinery Equipment Safety 机
械设备安全

Presses 冲床

起吊设备

Elevating work platform
降台

CE marked CE认证标志

Subcontractor 中间商转包商

Interlocked guard
装置

Jig 模具

Push stick 推杆

Competent person 能胜任安全工
作的人

联锁保护
升
Lifting plant
Scald 烫伤

Fragmentation 破碎爆炸

Temporary staff 临时人员

Dumper truck
Power presses
翻斗车

压力机

Lift truck 升降式装卸车

Working order 正常运转状态

Gang or radial drills 排式钻机
摇臂钻床

Lathes
Turret
车床

转台

飞屑

Brake function 制动功能

Enter a contract 签订合同

Power pressure 冲床

Gearbox
Chock
Hot work
变速箱

用垫木垫阻

高温作业

Flying chips
Coolant 冷却剂

卡盘扳手

Chuck wrench
Cuttingwelding torch 切割火炬
气焊喷灯

Retract 缩回缩进

Milling machine 磨削机

Toll cutter 刀具

Grinding machine 研磨机

Peripheral 外围的
Unit 12 Accident analysis in construction
Construction work
Ill-health 不健康

Set out 陈述阐明

建筑工程

Rooflight sheet 采光屋面板

Close-boarded 鱼鳞板

Rough terrain 不平地形

起伏地

Roof work 屋顶工作

Erection 安装架设

Safety hazard 安全隐患

金钱鼓励

管理机构

Undulating ground
roofer 盖屋顶的人

Asbestos cement 石棉水泥

Excavation 挖掘

Groundwork 基础工作

Spoil heap 废物堆

Fenced off 用栏栅隔开

Monetary incentive
Regulatory agency
Guard rail 防护围栏

Working platform 工作平台

Natural ventilation 自然通风

Dense concrete 密实混凝土
Many construction workers are killed or seriously injured
during lifting operations because of accidents such as: cranes
overturning, material falling from hoists and gin wheels
collapsing. Many more suffer long-term injury because they
regularly lift or carry items which are heavy or awkward to
handle, foe example: lifting dense concrete blocks, paviours
laying slabs and labourers lifting and carrying bagged products,
such as cement and aggregates.

很多建筑工人在起重操作过程中由于一些事（故如起重机翻倒、物体 从
吊重机上坠落、三脚起重机的轮子垮塌等）而丧命或严重受伤。更多的
工人会因为经常举起或 搬运一些笨重的物体（如：搬运密实混泥土砖、
铺设工人铺建混泥土路面、工人举起或搬运一些袋装东西 如水泥、块状
物等）的时候而遭受长期的伤痛。

Unit 14 Hazardous chemical and its identification
Hazardous chemical
品

Physical hazard 物质危害

Respiratory tract 呼吸道

危险化学Hepatotoxins
Nephrotoxins
Neurotoxins
肝脏毒素

肾毒素

神经毒素

Mucous membrane 粘膜

Safety hazard
Domino effect
Major hazard
安全隐患

多米诺效应

重大危险

Digestive tract 消化道

Needle stick 针刺

Sensitizer 致癌物质

Tighter control 加紧控制

Storage and terminal 港口转运
油库码头
Unit 15 Fire and Explosions
Firefighter 消防队员

Fire ground 火场

Fire protection 消防

Searing heat 灼热

Physical explosion 物理爆炸
Chemical explosion 化学爆炸
Propane cylinder 丙烷钢瓶

Natural gas explosion 天然气爆
炸

Gas main 煤气总管

Oil burner 燃油炉

Gas tank 气罐

Structure fire 建筑火灾

Rule out 排除……的可能性

Shock wave 冲击波

Peak pressure 峰值压力

Cinderblock wall 渣煤空心砖

Ground zero 爆心投影点


Ground shock wave 地表振动
波

Gas meter 煤气表

Control handle 控制柄

Rubble 瓦砾堆

Paint store 油漆店

Hardware store 五金店

Fire suppression system 灭
火系统

Truss construction 桁架结构
Manhole cover 沙井盖

Popping off 突然离去

Bumper 缓冲器

Squad 抢险队

Mitigation tactics 损失减轻
策略

Admittedly 一般公认地无可否认
地

Half measure 权宜