backdrop-平凡的世界读书心得
Industrial robots became a reality in the
early 1960’s when Joseph
Engelberger and
George Devol teamed up to form a robotics company
they called “Unimation”.(工业机器人在1960
年初成为了现实，是由约
瑟夫·
和乔治·德沃尔联合起来形成一个他们叫的机器
人技术公司。)
A robot is
not simply another automated
machine.(机器人不只是另
一个自动化机械。)Automation began
during the industrial revolution
with machine
that performed jobs that formerly had been done by
human
workers.
(自动化开始于机器工业革命期间，它能够执行以前人类工人
的作业。) Such a
machine, however, can do only the specific job for
which it was designed, whereas a robot can
perform a variety of jobs.
(这样一台机器，然而，只能做给它的设计的具体的工作，而一个机
器人可以执行各种作业。)
A robot must have an arm. (机器人必须有一个手臂。) The
arm must
be able to duplicate the movements of
a human worker in loading and
unloading other
automated machine, spraying paint, welding, and
performing hundreds of other jobs that cannot
be easily done with
conventional automated
machine. (手臂必须能够复制一个人的工人在
装卸等自动化机器，喷漆，焊接，以及执行成百
上千的其他不能很容
易地完成传统的自动化机器的作业。)
Definition of A Robot
The Robot
Industries Association (RIA) has published a
definition for
robots in an attempt to clarify
which machines are simply automated
machines
and which machines are truly robots.（ 机器人工业协会
(RIA)
发表了一个定义为机器人，试图澄清哪些机器是只是自动化的机器和
哪些机器是真
正的机器人。） The RIA definition is as follows:（RIA
的
定义，如下所示：）
A robot is a reprogrammable
multifunctional manipulator designed to
move
material, parts, tools, or specialized devices
through variable
programmed motions for the
performance of a variety tasks.（机器人就是
一种可重复编程的多
功能操纵器，旨在通过各种任务的性能变量编程
议案移动材料，零件，工具或专用设备。）
This definition, which is more extensive than
the one in the RIA
glossary at the end of this
book, is an excellent definition of a robot.
（这
一定义，这是比一个在这本书的末尾的 RIA
词汇表中更广泛，是一
种优秀的机器人定义。）We will look at this
definition, one phrase at a
time, so as to
understand which machines are in fact robots and
which
machines are little more than
specialized automation.（我们将着眼于这
一定义，在一段时间内这都是一个
短语，只要去了解哪些机器其实是
机器人及哪些机器仅仅是特殊的自动化机械。）
First, a robot is a “reprogrammable
multifunctional manipulator.”
（
首先，机器人是“可再程序化的多功能操作器”。）In this phrase RIA
tells us that a robot can be taught
(reprogrammed) to do more than one
job by
changing the information stored in its memory.
（RIA 中这句话
告诉我们一个机器人可以通过更改其内存中存储的信息来教授（再次
编程）
它去做多个作业。） A robot can be reprogrammed to load and
unload machines, weld, and do many other jobs
(multifunctional).
（机器
人可以被重新编程去加载和卸载机器，焊缝，和做很多其他工作(多
功能。) A
robot is a “manipulator”.（（机器人是一种机械手，能够用
手臂
（或手）去拿起或移动东西。）A manipulator is an arm (or hand)
that can pick up or moving things. At this
point we know that a robot is
an arm that can
be taught to do different
jobs.（在这一点上我们知道一
个机器人相当于一只手臂，可以教给它做不同的工作。）
The definition goes on to say that a robot is
“designed to move material,
parts, tools, or
specialized devices”.（该定义上说，机器人“旨在移动材
料，零件，或者特殊
的设备”。）Material includes wood, steel, plastic,
cardboard... anything that is used in the
manufacture of a
product.（材料
包括木材，钢材，塑料，纸板...用于制造一个产品的任何东西。）
A
robot can also handle parts that have been
manufactured. （机器人
还可以处理已经生产的零件。） For example,
a robot can load a piece of
steel into an
automatic lathe and unload a finished part out of
the lathe.
（例如，一个机器人可以加载一块刚到自动车床和从车床上卸载一个
已经完成的零件。）
In addition to handling
material and parts, a robot can be fitted with
tools such as grinders, buffers, screwdrivers,
and welding torches to
perform useful
work.（除了处理材料和零件，一个机器人可配备工具，
如磨床、
缓冲剂，螺丝刀，和焊接气炬来执行有用的工作。）
Robots can also be
fitted with specialized instruments or devices to
do
special jobs in a manufacturing
plant.（机器人也可以配备特殊的仪器或
设备在制造工厂做特殊的工作。）Robots can
be fitted with television
cameras for
inspection of parts or
products.（机器人可以装有电视摄像
机，用于检查零件或产品。）They can be
fitted with lasers to accurately
measure the
size of parts being
manufactured.(它们可以配用激光准确
地测量所制造的部件的大小。)
The
RIA definition closes with the phrase, “…through
variable
programmed motions for the
performance of a variety of tasks.”(
RIA定
义接近一个短语，“...... 通过可变的编程的运动给各种各样的任务”。)
This phrase emphasizes the fact that a robot
can do many different jobs in
a manufacturing
plant. (这句话强调的事实是一个机器人在制造工厂可
以做很多不同的工作。)The variety of jobs that a robot
can do is limited
only by the creativity of
the application
engineer.(机器人可以做的各种
工作只能由应用工程师的创造力来限制的。)
Jobs for Robots
Jobs
performed by robots can be divided into two major
categories:
hazardous jobs and repetitive
jobs.（由机器人来完成的工作可以分为两
个主要类别： 危险作业和重复性作业。）
Hazardous jobs
Many applications of
robots are in jobs that are hazardous to humans.
（机器人的许多应用程序是在对人类有危险的工作。）Such jobs may
be
considered hazardous because of toxic fumes, the
weight of the
material being handled, the
temperature of the material being handled, the
danger of working near rotating or press
machinery, or environments
containing high
levels of radiation.（这些工作可被认为是有危险的，由
于有毒烟雾，被处理的
材料的重量，被处理的材料的温度，这些工作
附近的旋转或重压的机械，或含有高剂量辐射的环境中。）
Repetitive Jobs
In addition to
taking over hazardous jobs, robots are well suited
to
doing extremely repetitive jobs that must
be done in manufacturing plants.
（除了接管危险的工作，机器人很适合于在制造厂做重复的但必须做
工作。）Many
jobs in manufacturing plants require a person to
act more
like a machine than like a human.
（许多工作在制造厂要求，更像是一
台机器，不是像人一样的人。）The job
may be to pick a piece up from
here and place
it there. （这份工作可能从这里接一片，并将其放置在
那里。））The job
requires little or no judgment and little or
skill. （工作
的要求很少或没有判断和小到不要技能。）The same job is
done
hundreds of times each day.
（同样的工作是做数百次的每一天。）This
is not said as a
criticism of the person who does the job, but is
intended
simply to point out that many of
these jobs exist in industry and must be
done
to complete the manufacture of products.（这不是一个批评对做
工
作的人，但纯粹为了指出这些作业的许多行业中存在和必须完成才能
完成产品的生产。）A
robot can be placed at such a work station and can
be perform the job admirably without
complaining or experiencing the
fatigue and
boredom normally associated with such a job.(机器人可以
放
在这种工作站，并且可以极好的执行作业而没有抱怨或者通常的疲劳
和厌烦这样一份工作的体
验。)