四级翻译题技巧及练习题

大学英语四级翻译解题技巧
解题步骤：
第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。
所谓形式包括：1.词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等); 2.虚拟;3.
被动
所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。
第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。
第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。
动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。
e.g. 1. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (适应不同文化中的生
活).[ 06.12]
[解题步骤]: 第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形；第二步：划
分成分“适应不同文化的生活” ；核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾
语；第三步：(1)切块对应翻译： “适应”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同
文化的”=different cultures；(2)重新组合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures。
[正确答案]：adapt oneself to the lifeliving in different cultures
2. The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
[解题步骤]: 第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划
线处 应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been
taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟；第二 步：划分成分“本来
会有机会活下来”，核心谓语动词是“本来有机会------”，“活下来”作宾 语；第三步：(1)切块
对应翻译：“本来有机会------”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive；(2)重新组
合：would have a chance to survive.
[正确答案]：would havestand a chance to surviveof survival
[考察知识点]：[虚拟语气]与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have
done
有机会做某事：havestand a chance to do sthof sth----

考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：
第一种：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子
(1). 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + weredid---, --- + would do---]
If I were you, I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
(2). 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]
If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
(3). 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]
If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?
第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth .” (在美语中should常省去) 。
类似用法的动词有：insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) ,
demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require
(需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、
提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。

第三种：在 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ....” 句型中，that从句中的谓
语动词用should + 动词原形
其他类似的词还有“It + be + important (necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd ,
amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial ,
imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable ,
strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等)
+ that ---”
第四种：用在It is time that --- 结构中, 从句的动词必须用过去时以表示实际上还未做到，
意思则指现 在或将来，that一词可以省略，意思是“早该”或“该”。
It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。
注意: 1. time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。
2. it is time to do sth.表示“应该做某事了”、“是做某事的时候了”，例如：It’s time
for you to get a bath.

通过对样题以及实考试题的分析，翻译题型有三大考点：
1. 固定搭配考点：这是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点，应
该 引起考生的高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关
系，名词与介词 搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这些都可能成为本次考
试的命题重点。
例1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely _______________________________ (把
孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.(大纲样题)。
【考点剖析】这个题目就非常典型。有两个固定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth 2) owe...to
attribute...to (把...归因于)
2. 核心语法考点：这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移，这一点
要 引起同学的重视，尽管词汇单选题现在不考了，但是还是不能忽视这部分题目，因为考点
是一致的。核心 语法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓
语动词等。
例1：The professor required that ___________(我们交研究报告) by Wednesday .
【考点剖析】本题是 典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。Require后面接从
句的时候，一定会虚拟语气 ，语法结构为require that +sb+should+动词原形。
例2：Not only ___________________________ (他向我收费过高), but he didn't do a good repair
job either (大纲样题)
【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握
情况。句首 的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he之前加did。
所以答案 应该为did he overcharge me。
3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查。
例1：Though a skilled worker, ____________________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of
the economic crisis .
【考点剖析】本题的重要考点就是考生对解 雇这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示解雇的有
dismiss, discharge, fire等。

五条冲刺备考建议：

1. 在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核
心表达。
例：(为了挣钱供我上学)______________________, mother often takes on more work than is
good for her
【考点剖析】对于为了挣钱供我上学的表达，我们可以说To earn money for my education;
To earn money for my schooling In order to make money to finance my education In order to
make money to fund my education In order to earn money to afford my education等。
2. 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点
例：The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research
paper.
上面这道题是2004年1月份四级考试的一道词汇单选 题，同学们不难发现，句中的submit(提
交)这个考点词在2006年6月的新四级的翻译题中再 次出现，这足以说明以前的词汇语法题
目的考点与新题型中的翻译题考点具有延续性与继承性。这种考点 延续的例子很多，由于篇
幅所限，就不一一列举，以下举几个典型例子，以前词汇题考点，在未来的翻译 中很可能考
到的，抛砖引玉，希望引起考生重视。
3. 多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，
一举两得。
例2：You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger
【考点探究】be particular about your food(对食物挑剔)这个核心短语很可能成为翻译考点。
除了这个表达外，还可以用be selective about your food 进行替换，这就反映了表达的多样
性。
4. 强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语
动词等。
5. 深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。

大学英语四级真题翻译常见考察点：
1. 考查主语从句的用法：
2009 06
90. What many people haven’t realized is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in
particular.
2008 12
88. What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their
children.

2. 考查 Be likely to 的用法：
2009 06
89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put ongain
weight.
2007 12
88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am more likely to get tired than before I get tired
more easily than before

3. 考查no matter what whatever it is的用法：

2008 06
89 Leaving one’s job, no matter what job it iswhatever job it is , is a difficult change , even for
those who look forward to retiring .
2007 12
89. I am going to pursue this course, no matter whatwhatever sacrifices I have to make .

4. 考查定语从句的用法：
2008 12
87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems to which they haven’t
found answers so farthat they haven’t found answers to so far.
2007 06
88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field wherein which we can cooperate.

5. 考查decide to 的用法：
200812
90. Through the project, many people have received training and decided to start their own
business.
200706
89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete decideddeterminedmade a decision to quitgive updrop
out of the match.

6. 考查虚拟语气的用法：
2009 06
88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldn’t have been caught in the heavy rain.
2006 12
89. The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.

7. 考查must ，might 等的推测用法：
2008 06
88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something must be wrong with its operation system.
2006 12
90. Some psychologists claim that people might feel lonely when they are far from home.

8. 考查 in 的用法：
2009 06
87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had what many people haven’t
realized in math and English.
2006 06
87. Having spend some time in the city , he and no trouble (in) finding the way to the history
museum.

翻译练习：
1．I have had great deal of trouble__ ____________________________(跟得上班上的其他同
学)。

2．___________(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.
3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如预料的那样).
4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much__________(是一门科学，也是一门艺术).
5. Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying
home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.
6．Over a third of the population was estimated_________(无法获得) to the health service.
7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________(习惯了学生迟到)
his lecture.
8. The price of beer____________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.
’d like __________________(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening.
10. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he
means____________(想找麻烦).
11. It may be necessary to stop__________________________(每隔…时间) in the learning
process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.
12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______________(伤害自己).
did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_______________(忙着
准备) her examination.
14. The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工操作)
instead of mechanically.
15. Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I___________________________ (本来不
必从银行借钱的）
16．By the time you get to New York, I____________(已经动身去) London.
17. Buying clothes______________________(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that
a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.
18. It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.
19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon______________(克服
了这种心理).
20. Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re________________（挡路了）.
21．There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ____________(打扰我) that
evening.
22._____________________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with
the situation.
I __________________(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing
with another shop.
24. The manager would rather his daughter__________________(不在一个办公室内工作).
25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_______________(最终因天气不好而取
消了). 173
26．I__________________(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.
27. How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很强的影响) the character
of the children.
28. But for his help, I _____________________(我不可能这么早完成).
29. His remarks left me ____________________________(想知道他的真实目的).
30. Mark often____________________________(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic
regulations.

31．If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to______________(诉助武力).
32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________（肯定没打扫过）.
33. Everybody knows he____________________________（受到了冤枉指控）.
34. He wears a pair of sunglasses________________________（惟恐被别人认出来）.
35. She never dreams of _______________________(被派到国外).
36. If you won’t agree to our plan,_____________________(他们也不会同意).
37. I should say Henry is _______________________(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.
38. _____________________(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.
39. If you don’t like to swim, you ____________(不妨待在家里).
40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you____________________(弄脏了新
地毯).
41．Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time
being.
42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起着不可缺少的
作用) in raising children.
43. John seems a nice person, ___________________(即使这样), I don’t trust him.
44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________(正在研制) and
perfected now.
45. What a lovely party! It’s worth_________________(牢记一生).
46．Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________(失去联系) the outside
world.
47. Cancer is _________________(仅次于) heart disease as a cause of death.
48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have ______________(这么好的天气).
49. I would ______________(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.
50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _________________(更不用说出国了).
51．I don’t mind your_____________(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.
52. I suggested he ____________________（使自己适应）his new conditions.
53. I have no objection_______________________（再听听你的故事）.
54. This popular sports car___________________（正在生产出来）out at the rate of a thousand a
week.
55. _____________________________ （请你找张空白纸）and write your name at the top?

答案
1. keeping up with the rest of the class.
2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up
3. as was to be expected
4. an art as it is a science
5. could have made a good salary.
6. to have no access
7. to students?? being late for
8. rangesvaries from 50 cents to $$4
9. to reserve a table for
10. to make trouble
11. at intervals

12. injure himself
13. busy preparing for
14. had to be operated manually
15. needn’t have borrowed it from the bank.
16. shall have left for
17. is often a very time-consuming job
18. something was donesome measures were taken
19. overcame itgot over it
20. in the way
21. had interrupted me
22. it is because she is too inexperienced
23. caught him cheating me
24. did not work in the same office
25. was finally called offcancelled because of the bad weather
26. will be doingconducting the experiment
27. has a strong influence on
28. would not have finished so early
29. wondering about his real purpose
30. attempts to escape being fined
31. resort to force
32. can’t have been cleaned
33. was wrongly accusedcharged
34. for fear that he should be recognized
35. being sent abroad
36. neither will they
37. not so much a writer
38. Believe it or not
39. may just as well stay at home
40. stain the new carpet
41. didn’t do anything
42. play indispensable roles
43. Even so
44. are being developed
45. remembering all my life
46. lose contact with
47. second only to
48. such fine weather
49. have never resorted to
50. not to speak ofnot to mentionlet alone going abroad
51. delaying making
52. should adapt himself to
53. to hearing your story again
54. is now being turned
55. Could you take a blank sheet of paper?