bus什么意思-三件
一、常用单词组
education 教育 德才兼备
input in
education 教育投入 to become educated through
independent
communal participation 社会参与 study
自学成材
enhance the moral awareness of
提高……compulsory education 普及教育
的思想品德
preschoolelementarysecondaryhigher
professional
ethics 职业道德 education 学前初等中等高等教育
credit
system 学分制 adult education 成人教育
guarantee job
assignments 包分配 vocational and technical education
职
multidisciplinary 多学科的 业技术教育
key
university 重点大学 institutions of higher learning
高等学
national expenditure on education 国家校
教育经费 inservice training course 在职进修班
account for…% 占百分比 compulsoryoptional course
必修选修
intercultural communication 国际文化课
交流
record of formal schooling 学历
equal stress on
integrity and ability diploma 文凭， 学历证明
二、常用句型
1、It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
She had
said what it was necessary to say.
2、强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important ,
but how he rules us.
3、抽象名词或抽象名词+itself形容词)
He was all gentleness to her.
4、利用词汇重复表示强调
A crime is a crime a
crime.
5、和of相当于some extent，
表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句
中，则为，可译为有点，略微等。译
为毫无，全无。of译为大有，much
of可译为算不上，称不上，
of可译为几乎无。something
like译为有点像，略似。
They say that he had no
universty education , but he seems to be
something
of a scholar.
6、同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个
名词都指同一个人或物，以及它前面的名词构一
个形容词短语，以修饰后面的那个名词。如old
sharper of a father，可译为：
她那骗子般的父亲。
Those
pigs of girls eat so much.
7、as…as…can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.
8、…as
in(with)
It is in life as in a journey.
9、…相等于，就像，几乎如;实际上，其实，实在。
The merchant
as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would
adopt him.
10、…as和…as…as可译为与其……，
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不如……，更好，以这样做……为宜，如同……，也可以……等等。as well…<
br>as表示不可能的事，可译为犹如……，可与……一样荒唐，与其那样不如这样的好
等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as
know it imperfectly.
11、…of的译法(使……成为……，把……当作)
I will make a scientist of my son.
12、too…+不定式，not(never)too…+不定式，…not+不定式
She is too angry to speak.
13、only(not, all,
but, never) too …to do so 和结构
中，不定式，凡是，等字后+…to，
不定式都失去了否定意义，在
ready(apt) +to do结构中，不定式。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
14、…than…句型
A home without love is no more
a home than a body without a soul is a man.
15、so much…as和so much as …结构，so much…asso much
as …
，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为：与其说是……毋须说是……。而so
much
as，可译为甚至……还没有。
The oceans do not so
much divide the world as unite it .
16、…than和…
as结构，…than
和…as都具有最高级比较的意思，可换用，，
，，，，等等，可译为没
有……比……更为
，像……再没有了，最……等。
Nothing is more
precious than time.
17、…too…结构,…too…意为…或者，
即无论怎样……也不算过分。可换用，等，可换用
，等
You cannot be
too careful.
18、否定+but 结构，在否定词后面的，具有not，not，no
t，
等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成没有……不是或……都……等
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse. 19、否定+until(till)结构，在否定词，，，，，
等的后边所接用的，多数情况下译
为直到……才……，要……才……，
把否定译为肯定。
Nobody knows
what he can do till he has tried.
20、…but和…but
结构，这两个结构和否定+but的结构差不多，
不同之点是这两个结构中的是含有…not意味的连续
词，表示程度。可译为还
没有……到不能做……的程度，并不是……不……，无论怎样……也不是不能…
…等。
He is not so sick but he can come to
school.
21、疑问词+should…but结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为…b
ut，可译
为除了……还有谁会……，岂料，想不到……竟是……等。
Who
should write it but himself?
22、…和…but结构，这个结构是
反问形式，
一般意译为多半，亦未可知等等，有时也可直译。
Who knows
but (that) he may go?
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23、祈使句+a
nd和祈使句+or结构，祈使句+and表示…you…，祈使名+or表示
…not…,you。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad
righteousness to a city and you
have a
community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and
you have a school.
24、名词+and结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。
A
word, and he would lose his temper.
25、名词+and结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。
A word, and he would lose his temper.
is not
that…but that… 这不是说…，而是说…
g else than 完全是，实在是
「例文」What the man said was nothing else than
nonsense.
「译文」那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。
…than…结构有三种译法：than连接肯定形式的从句时，该从句译为否定句；在比
较的
基础上表示选择关系时，可译为与其说…不如说；进行同类比较时，译成比…更.
「例文」The
complexity of the human situation and injustice of
the social order
demand far more fundamental
changes in the basic structure of society itself
than
some politicians are willing to admit in
their speeches.
「译文」人类社会形势的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基
本结构进行彻底变革，
而一些政客口头上是很不愿意承认这一点的
29、虚拟语气是常考点
My computer must have gone wrong, because I
could not boot it.
提纲式作文
1．对立观点式
A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？
B． 有人认为X 是坏事，
反对X，为什么？
C．我的看法。
Some people are
in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out
the fact that
支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that
支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand
on a different ground. They consider it harmful
to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X
的第一个理由。 An example can give the
details of
this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth
in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X
overweigh
the disadvantages. In addition to
the above-mentioned negative effects it might
bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2．
批驳观点式
A．一个错误观点。
B． 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they
mean 对这个观点的进一
步解释。An example they have
presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey
performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of
them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个
错误观点的影响）。
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There might be some element of
truth in these people’s belief. But if we
consider it in depth, we will feel no
reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相
反的观点。There
are a number of reasons behind my belief.
(以下参照辩论文的议论
文写法)。
3． 社会问题（现象）式
A．一个社会问题或者现象。
B． 产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响
D． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）
E． 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious
socialeconomicenvironmental
problem. (X has
increasingly become a common concern of the
public). According to
a survey,
调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。
There are a couple
of reasons booming this problemphenomenon.
下面参照辩论式
议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial
impact on the society and our daily life, which
has been
articulated（表达） in the following
aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures
are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us
more harm.
参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the
above discussions, I can easily forecast that more
and more people
will ……..
写作模板——图表式作文
It is obvious in the
graphtable that the ratenumberamount of Y has
undergone
dramatic changes. It has gone
upgrownfallendropped considerably in recent years
(as X varies). At the point of （接近）X1, Y
reaches its peak value of …(多少).
What is
the reason for this change? Mainly there are …
(多少) reasons behind
the situation reflected in
the graphictable. First of all, …(第一个原因). More
importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all,
…(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have
enough reason to predict what will happen in
the near future. The trend described in the
graphtable will continue for quite
a long time
(if necessary measures are not
taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化
趋势).
写作模板——辩论式议论文
模版1
Some people
believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But
other people take
an opposite side. They
firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the
formerlatter idea.
There are a dozen of
reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of
all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college
student, I am supposed to 表决心.
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或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版2
People hold different views
about X. Some people are of the opinion that
观点
1, while others point out that 观点2. As far
as I am concerned, the formerlatter
opinion
holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least,
论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student,
I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can
predict that 预测.
模版3
There is no
consensus [k?n'sens?s] 一致of opinions among people
about X（争论
的焦点）。Some people are of the view
that 观点1，while others take an opposite
side,
firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am
concerned, the formerlatter
notion（观念） is
preferable in many senses. The reasons are
obvious.
First of all, 论据1。
Furthermore,
论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences,
one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。
A natural
conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测
常用句型：
1.表示原因
1）There are three
reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are
as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We
have good reason to believe that．．．
例： There
are three reasons for the changes that have taken
place in our
life．Firstly，people’s living
standard has been greatly
improved．Secondly，
most people are well paid，
and they can afford what they need or like．Last
but
not least，more and more people prefer to
enjoy modern life．
注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes
have taken
place in our life． There are three
reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表
达失误。
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It
benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is
beneficial to us．
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5）It is
of great benefit to us．
例： Books are like
friends．They can help us know the world better，and
they
can open our minds and widen our
horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of
great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmful
to us．
例： However，everything divides into
two．Television can also be harmful to us．It
can do harm to our health and make us lazy if
we spend too much time watching televi-
sion．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is
important（necessary，difficult，convenient，
possible）for sb．to
do sth．
2）We think
it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an
important role in our life．
例： Computers
are now being used everywhere，whether in the
government，in schools
or in business．Soon，
computers will be found in every home，too．We have
good
reason to say that computers are playing
an increasingly important role in our life
and
we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective
measures．
2）We should try our best to
overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We
should do our utmost in doing sth．
4) We
should solve the problems that we are
confronted（faced）with．
例： The housing
problem that we are confronted with is becoming
more and more
serious．Therefore，we must take
some effective measures to solve it．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in
the past five years．
2）A great change
will certainly be produced in the world’s
communications．
3）The computer has
brought about（导致） many changes in education．
例： Some changes have taken place in people’s
diet in the past five years．The
major reasons
for these changes are not far to
seek．Nowadays，more and more people
are
switching from grain to meat for protein，and from
fruit and vegetable to milk
for vitamins．
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore
the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact
that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact
that．．．
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4）This is a
phenomenon that many people are interested in．
5）However，that’s not the case．
例： We
cannot ignore the fact that industrialization
brings with it the problems
of pollution．To
solve these problems， we can start by educating
the public about
the hazards（危害） of
pollution．The government on its part should also
design
stricter laws to promote a cleaner
environment．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read
rather than watch TV．
3）There is a
striking contrast between them．
例： Compared
with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides
being
affordable．Firstly，they do not consume
natural resources of petrol（石油）．Secondly，
they
do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not
least，they contribute to
people’s health by
giving them due physical exercise．
9．表示数量
1）It has
increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The
population in this city has now increased
（decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July
in this factory increased by 15％ compared with
that of
January．
例： With the
improvement of the living standard，the
proportion（比例） of
people’s income spent on
food has decreased while that spent on education
has
increased．
再如： From the graph
listed above，itcan be seen that student use of
computers
has increased from an average of
less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours
in 2000．
注：“From the graph listed
above，it can be seen
that”见句式12。考生将句
式9和句式12结合在一起，便可较好地写出2002年6月CET
－4、6短文写作的第一段。
10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different
attitudes towards sth．
2）People have
different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue
that．．．
例：People have different attitudes
towards failure．Some believe that failure
leads to success．
Every failure they
experience translates into a greater chance of
success at
their renewed endeavor．However，
others are easily discouraged by failures and
put themselves into the category（种类） of
losers．
再如： Do lucky numbers really bring
good luck？Different people have different
views on it．
注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。
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11．表示结论
1）In short，it can be
said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed
up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned
above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
例： From what has been mentioned above，we can come
to the conclusion that
examination is
necessary，however， its method should be improved．
注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。
12．套语
1）It’s well known to us that
．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This
is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed
above，it can be seen that ．．．
5）As a
proverb（谚语） says，“Where there is a will，there is a
way．
例如： As is well known to us，it is
important for the students to know the world
outside campus．
The reason for
this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing
and
developing rapidly，and the campus is no
longer an“ivory tower．As college
students，we
must get in touch with the world outside the
campus．Only in this way
can we adapt ourselves
to the society quickly after we graduate．
再如：
Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is
being widely talked about
and different people
have different opinions on it．
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