大学英语六级-173

大学英语六级-173
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
三、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
Executive managerspay is still determined by simplistic measures of performance that bear little
relation to long-term drivers of companies
(Financial Times Stock Exchange) 100 companies over the past decade.
The research 1 executive
remuneration
(报酬) over the 10 years from 2003-2013 at 30 FTSE 100
companies, and found there was 2 correlation between the key performance indicators that companies
highlighted to shareholders and the measures used to incentivize and reward senior staff.
of the discussion around executive compensation focuses on the 3 of bonus payments,said Natalie
Winter Frost, chairwoman of CFA UK.
performance is measured and consequently research found that chief executives
pay showed a low level of correlation with company performance, regardless of the specific measure
of performance used.
the report
Relatively simplistic performance measures such as earnings per share and total shareholder return
continued to 5 the criteria which were used to measure executives
Value-based metrics that 6 performances to the cost of capital were rarely used. Earnings per
share can be boosted by, for example, M&A activity that does not 7 enhance profitability. The
report said the dangers of over-reliance on such measures of executives
documented and included:
myopia
(目光短浅), earnings manipulation, excessive
risk-taking, and 8 to organizational culture

compensation practices have improved, the journey is far from 10 ,
A. ambiguous
B. complete
C. consensus
D. dominate
E. evident
F. examined
G. extract
H. fraction
I. magnitude
J. necessarily
K. overworked
L. related
M. resources
N. scant
O. threats（分数：20.00）
解析：F动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格所在句的主干是The research ---|||________|||---
executive remuneration...and found...，因此空格处应填入动词的过去式与found并列 ，作句子的谓语。
此处句意为：该研究 ---|||________|||---2003年至20 13年10年间30个富时100指数成分股公司首席
执行官们的薪酬情况，发现……。备选项中，ex amined“检查，审查”符合题意，故本题正确答案为F。

解析：N形容词辨析题 。分析句子结构可知，空格位于系动词was和名词correlation之间，因此应填入
冠词或形 容词修饰correlation。此处句意为：该研究……发现，公司对股东强调的关键业绩指标，与用
来激励和回报高管的衡量标准之间有 ---|||________|||---关联。根据文章首段可知， 决定高管薪酬的主
要因素仍是一些简单化的业绩衡量尺度，这些尺度与公司价值的长期推动因素关系不大 ，因此空格处应填
入与首段中的little一样表示“关系不大”的形容词。结合备选项可知，sca nt“不足的，缺乏的”符合
题意，故本题正确答案为N。
解析：I名词辨析题。空格位于定 冠词the和介词of之间，因此应填入名词。此处句意为：围绕高管薪酬
的讨论主要关注奖金的 -- -|||________|||---。由此推断，空格处应填入表示“奖金金额”的名词，结合
备选 项可知，magnitude“巨大，庞大”符合题意，故本题正确答案为I。
解析：H名词辨析题。空格位于A large和介词of之间，因此空格处应填入名词单数。此处句意为：
---|||_______ _|||---首席执行官的薪酬似乎与周期价值创造没有关联。空格前一句指出，无论采取哪些
具体的 业绩衡量尺度，首席执行官们的薪酬与公司业绩的关联度都很低，因此空格所在句是对这句话的进
一步解 释，故A large ---|||________|||--- of应当是强调数量之多。结合备选项可知，fraction“少
量，一点”符合题意，A large fraction of意为“大量的”，故本题正确答案为H。
解析：D动词辨析题。空格位于不定式符号to和名词短语the criteria之间，因此应填入动词原形。此
处句意为：像……这样相对简单化的业绩衡量尺度仍然 ---|||________|||---衡量高管们任期业绩的尺度。
空格后一句指出，很少有哪家 公司采用将业绩与资金成本 ---|||________|||---的基于价值的衡量尺度。
结合 备选项可知，dominate“支配，控制”符合题意，本题正确答案为D。
解析：L动词辨析题。 分析句子结构可知，空格位于that引导的定语从句中，该定语从句缺少谓语动词，
再结合空格所在句 的时态可知，空格处应填入动词的过去式。此处句意为：很少有哪家公司采用了将业绩
与资金成本 -- -|||________|||---的基于价值的衡量尺度。结合本段首句可知，目前大部分公司采用的都< br>是相对简单化的业绩衡量尺度，将业绩与资金成本关联的衡量尺度很少使用。结合备选项可知，空格处应< br>填入related“把……联系起来”，本题正确答案为L。
解析：J副词辨析题。分析句子 结构可知，空格位于that引导的定语从句中，该定语从句主谓宾齐全，空
格位于does not和 enhance之间，因此空格处应填入副词修饰enhance。此处句意为：每股盈利可通过并
购活 动得到提升，此类操作不 ---|||________|||---提高利润。结合句意和备选项可知，ne cessarily“一
定”符合题意，not necessarily意为“未必，不一定”，故本题正确答案为J。
解析：O名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知， ---|||________|||--- to organizational culture与前面的
三个名词短语并列，是对the dangers of over-reliance on...的举例说明，因此空格处应填入动名词或名词。结合前面的三个名列名词可知，空格处填入的名词应具有否定含义，备选项中的threats“威胁 ，
可能带来危险的人或事”符合题意，故本题正确答案为O。
解析：E形容词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格所在句为there be结构，空格位于系动词ar e和名词flaws
之间，因此较有可能填入形容词修饰flaws。由上一段末句可知，目前的薪资衡 量尺度存在很多问题，空
格所在句应是接着上段继续说明当前薪酬政策存在缺陷，备选项中的evide nt“明显的，明白的”符合题
意，因此本题正确答案为E。
解析：B形容词辨析题。空格前为the journey is far from，因此空格处应填 形容词。此处句意为：尽管
我们的报告强调薪酬实践已有所改进，但这段旅程还远远没有 ---||| ________|||---。结合句意可知，此
处是强调薪酬实践还有很长的一段路要走，备选项中 ，complete“已完成的”符合题意，故本题正确答案
为B。
四、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：30.00)
Risks for Youths Who Eat What They Watch

A. Many factors influence childrenfood choices: where they eat; what their friends and siblings
eat; what parents eat and drink and bring into the house; what is served at school; and, of course,
what they like.
B. But if you are a parent, would you want your children
by manufacturers whose primary goal is to make money by getting them hooked on products of
questionable nutritional value? The issue is of particular importance now that rates of childhood
obesity are soaring throughout the country, influenced in no small way by commercial interests.

The obesity of children will do great harm to children, not only to their physical health, but
also to their psychology. Since in today
the shape of their body, and children especially teenagers admire the skinny models walking on
the stages. So if they are a little overweight, they will feel down and even gloomy. And what
is more, the health of children will also influence the whole nation
health problems appear, the more money the government will spend to solve these problems. So it
is time for us to pay attention to what our children eat.
Too much sugar on TV...
C. Last month, the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a Washington-based advocacy group,
gave a grade of F to 95 of 128 food and entertainment companies for their policies—or lack
thereof—on marketing to children. This despite the Children
Initiative started in 2006 by the Better Business Bureau, in which 16 major food and restaurant
companies, representing about 80 percent of television food advertising expenditures, announced
they would not market foods to children under 12 if they did not meet the companiesown nutritional
standards.
D. Unfortunately, therethe rub. What a company like Kelloggregards as an acceptable amount
of sugar in a serving of breakfast
cereal
(谷类食品) may not be what a nutrition-wise parent would
choose. The cutoff adopted by Kelloggis 12 grams (3 teaspoons of sugar), which would keep them
from promoting Cocoa Krispies (14 grams of sugar in a one-cup serving) to children. But Frosted
Flakes, with 11 grams, could still be advertised in places where children 6 and older will see
them. (The company does not aim advertising at children under 6.)
E. Also, since each company sets its own guidelines, what applies to Kellogg
to products made by General Mills or Post.
vast majority of food and entertainment companies have no protections in place for children,
said Margo G. Wootan, the centernutrition policy director. In the centeranalysis of marketing
to children, released last November, the highest grade, a B-plus, went to the candy maker Mars,
which does not market to children under 12 and avoids other tricks that attract them.
F.
broccoli
(花椰菜), we wouldn
Wootan said. instead, most marketing is for sugary cereals, fast food, snack foods and candy.
And this junk-food marketing is a major contributor to childhood obesity.
analysis showed, although 64 percent of food companies that advertise to children at least have
some sort of marketing policy, only 24 percent of restaurants and 22 percent of entertainment
companies have any policy guiding advertising to children.
G. In a study released in March 2007, the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation noted that children
ages 2 to 7 see an average of 12 televised food ads a day, or 4400 a year, and children 8 to 12
see an average of 21 a day—more than 7600 a year. For teenagers, the numbers are 17 a day, or
more than 6000 a year. Fully half of all ad time on children
reported.
H. of the food ads that children and teens see on TV are for foods that nutritionists, watchdog
groups and government agencies argue should be consumed either in moderation, occasionally or
in small portions,
no ads for fruits or vegetables targeted at children or teens.
I. In case you are wondering, several studies have demonstrated that television ads do indeed
have an effect—and not a good effect—on what children eat, and how much. In one study of 548
students at five public schools near Boston, published in 2006 in
The Archives
of Pediatric and
Adolescent Medicine, researchers found that for each additional hour of television viewing, the
children consumed an additional 167 calories, especially the caloriedense, low- nutrient foods
frequently advertised on television.
Too much sugar at the movies

J. Now, a new study suggests, ittime to attend to more subtle promotions of questionable foods,
beverages and
eating
(餐馆) establishments that appear in movies popular among children and
adolescents. the authors stated, a potent source of advertising to children, which
has been largely study, published in March in the journal
Pediatrics
, analyzed
brand placements for foods, beverages and eateries depicted in the top 20 box-office hits for
each year from 1996 to 2005. Of the 138 movies analyzed, 49 percent were rated PG-13, 20.5 percent
were PG and 7.5 percent were G.
K. found that a surprising proportion of movies that were targeted to children and adolescents
featured brand appearances,the authors wrote. Although Coca-Cola and Pepsi have long-standing
commitments not to advertise their products on childrentelevision, the researchers found that
beverage products from these companies regularly appeared in movies, especially
those rated for children and adolescents.
L. Of the 1180 brand placements identified, 26 percent of the food placements were for candy and
other sweets and 21 percent for salty snacks; 76 percent of the beverages were sugar- sweetened
drinks, and two-thirds of the restaurants were fast-food places. The researchers found that
drinks, chips and fast-food brands dominated PG-rated and PG-13-rated movies.
by Lisa A. Sutherland of Dartmouth Medical Center, found an average of 8.6 brand placements per
movie, and concluded that most were
A harmful effect
M. Lest you doubt these brand placements influence young eating habits, the appearance of Reese
Pieces in the movie
E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial
resulted in a sharp increase in sales in the three
months after the movie
N. product placement is equal to subconscious advertising, yet it has been largely ignored
by those who study the impact of marketing on children,the authors wrote. The authors expressed
particular concern about the influence of brand placements in movies rated PG and PG-13 on older
children and teenagers,
noted that this
built.
O. What can you do? I wouldn
as parents and others have objected to sugary drinks sold in schools and, to a lesser effect so
far, to foods advertised on children
to movie producers about how brand placements are harming the health and increasing the weight
of America（分数：30.00）
(1).The 16 major food and restaurant companies would not market foods to children under 12 until
they met the nutritional standards.（分数：3.00）
解析：C [解析] 由16 major food and restaurant companies定位到C段第二句。
细节推断题。由定位句可知，这些食品和餐饮公司宣布，如 果这些食品达不到自己公司的营养标准，就不
会将这些食品推销给12岁以下的孩子。因此，答案为C。
(2).According to a study released by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, half of ad time on
children（分数：3.00）
解析：G [解析] 由the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation和half of all ad time on childrenshows
定位至G段。
同义转述题。由定位段最后一句可知，儿童类节目中，一半时间的广告都是关于食物的，因此答案为G。
(3).According to Dr. Wootan, a major cause of childhood obesity is junk-food marketing.（分数：
3.00）
解析：F [解析] 由Dr. Wootan和a major cause of childhood obesity定位到F段第一句和第三句。
同义转述题。由F段第三句可知，营销垃圾食品是造成 孩子肥胖的一个主要原因。题干中的cause是对定
位句中contributor的同义转述。因此 ，答案为F。
(4).Researchers found that watching more TV led children to consume more calories.（分数：3.00）

解析：I [解析] 由Researchers found和watching mote TV定位到I段末句。
细 节推断题。由定位句可知，每多看一个小时的电视节目，孩子们就额外摄入167卡路里热量。由此可知，
孩子们看电视越多，摄入的热量就越多。因此，答案为I。
(5).Margo G. Wootan means that many food companies donhave any protective measures for children.
（分数：3.00）
解析：E [解析] 由Margo G. Wootan和protective measures定位到E段第二句。
细节推断题。由定位句可知，Margo G. Woota n指出，尽管这个产业有自我约束体系，但是大多数食品公
司并没有针对孩子的保护措施。因此，答案为 E。
(6).A lot of movies that were aimed at children and young people featured brand appearances.
（分数：3.00）
解析：K [解析] 由A lot of movies和featured brand appearances定位到K段首句。
同义转 述题。由定位句可知，许多给孩子和青少年看的电影中都会出现一些品牌。K段第二句接着提到，
尽管可 口可乐和百事承诺不在儿童节目里宣传他们的产品，但这些产品仍经常出现在电影中。因此，答案
为K。
(7).The movie producers should be warned that brand placements do harm to the health and increase
the weight of America（分数：3.00）
解析：O [解析] 由The movie producers和brand placements定位到O段末句。
细节辨认题。由定位句可知，现在是时候让那些电影制片人 知道品牌植入有害美国儿童的健康并会使他们
的体重增加了。因此，答案为O。
(8).Nutritionists think that children should eat foods advertised on TV occasionally.（分数：
3.00）
解析：H [解析] 由Nutritionists, on TV和occasionally定位到H段首句。
细节 推断题。由定位句可知，营养学家认为，对于大多数在电视广告中出现的食品，孩子们应该有节制地
偶尔 食用或少量食用。因此，答案为H。
(9).Those who study the influence of marketing on children tend to ignore that movie product
placement has the same effect as subconscious advertising.（分数：3.00）
解析：N [解析] 由marketing, ignore和movie product placement定位到N段首句。
同义转述题。由定位句可知，电影中的产品植入就相当于潜意 识广告，但这一点往往会被忽视。题干中的
has the same effect as是对定位句中is equal to的同义转述。因此，答案为N。
(10).The issue that ads influence children
children are obese all over the country.（分数：3.00）
解析：B [解析] 由The issue和important定位到B段第二句。
同义转述题。由定位句可知，正因为全国儿童肥胖率上升，这个问题变得尤其重要。因此，答案为B。
五、Passage 3 (总题数：1，分数：25.00)
It
Station to catch a train to work. The station is
toasty
(暖烘烘的) thanks to the busy shops and
restaurants and the body heat being generated by the 250000 commuters who crowd Scandinavia
busiest travel hub each day. This heat used to be lost by the end of the morning rush hour. Now,
however, engineers have figured out a way to harness it and transfer it to a newly refurbished
office building down the block. These sweaty Swedes have become a green energy source:
cheap and renewable,says Karl Sundholm, a project manager at Jernhusen, a Stockholm real estate
company, and one of the creators of the system.
Using excess body heat to warm a building is not a new concept—the Mall of America in Minneapolis
recycles the heat generated from shoppersbodies to help regulate the temperature of the massive
complex during Minnesota
successfully transferring excess body heat from one building to another. is old technology,
but used in a new way,Sundholm explains. just pipes, water and pumps, but we havenheard
of anyone else using this technology in this way before.
Here

ventilation
(通风) system and used to warm water in underground tanks. The water is then pumped
through pipes to the 13-story office building about t00 yards away, where it is incorporated into
the main heating system. Not only is the system environmentally friendly, italso cost-effective.
In the long run, the company expects to lower the energy costs in the office building by as much
as 20% per year. And constructing the new heating system, including installing the necessary pumps
and laying the underground pipes, only cost the firm about $$30000, Sundholm says.
itself very quickly,he adds. for a large building expected to cost several hundred million
kronor to build, that
the station.
With its freezing winters, ecologically minded citizenry and high energy costs, Sweden has long
taken a creative approach to heating its homes. Ulla Hamilton, Stockholm
heavily involved in the capital
the Swedish lifestyle.
a specific relationship toward nature,Hamilton says. of this, sustainability is a large
part of our culture.（分数：25.00）
(1).According to the passage, what can excess body heat be used for?（分数：5.00）
ing electric power for the train.
ting the temperature in the train.
ting electricity for the office building.
ing heating energy for the office building. √
解析：[解析] 由excess body heat be used for定位到第二段首句。
细节辨认题。定位句提到，利用多余的体热为建筑物供暖，并以“美利坚购物中心”为例说明这一理念早
就存在。因此，D为正确答案。
(2).In Sweden, the way of using body heat is new in that ______.（分数：5.00）
heat is collected from the train station instead of the mall
heat collected in one place can be used in another place √
heat is used to warm water
way uses pipes, water and pumps
解析：[解析] 由the way of using body heat和new定位到第二段第二句。
细节辨认题。由定位句可知，斯德哥尔摩使用体热的创新之 处在于把多余体热从一座建筑物转移到另一座
建筑物。因此，B为正确答案。
(3).What does Sundholm mean by saying （分数：5.00）
heat will lower the energy costs and save lots of money. √
heat will bring a lot of profits for the company.
cost of this kind of heating system is low.
heat will provide 15% to 30% heat for the office building.
解析：[解析] 由“It pays for itself very quickly”定位到第三段倒数第二句。
语义理解题。第三段倒数第一、二句提到，对一栋预计 成本将达到几亿克朗的大楼而言，这笔花费并不算
多；再结合该段第三、四句可知，这种系统很划算，从 长远来看，它将为这栋办公楼节省多达20%的能源
成本。因此，A为正确答案。
(4).According to Ulla Hamilton, why are the Swedes so keen on using green energy?（分数：5.00）
ional energy costs are too high for the Swedes.
Swedes are involved in destroying the environment.
rural area in Sweden is abundant in green energy resources.
Swedes want to protect nature and keep sustainability. √
解析：[解析] 由Ulla Hamilton和keen on using green energy定位到最后一段第二至四句。
细节辨认题。由定位句可知，Ulla Hamilto n认为，瑞典人如此热衷于绿色能源是与他们的生活方式分不
开的。在斯德哥尔摩，多数家庭中都有人生 活在农村，这使他们和大自然有一种特殊的关系，也正因为如
此，可持续性成为瑞典文化的重要组成部分 。因此，D为正确答案。

(5).What is the author（分数：5.00）
introduce body heat as a green energy in Sweden. √
analyze why the Swedes are so ecologically minded.
remind the Swedes of the high energy costs.
suggest ways of keeping sustainability.
解析：[解析] 由题干定位至全文。
主旨大意题。纵观全文，作者主要介绍了体热作为一种绿色能源在瑞典是如何被 应用的。因此，A为正确
答案。
六、Passage 4 (总题数：1，分数：25.00)
A recurring criticism of the UKuniversity sector is its perceived weakness in translating new
knowledge into new products and services.
Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world
leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should
take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system.
However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in
taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and
research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting
position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.
When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped
transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UKposition is much stronger
than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large
variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number
of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase
the leaders.
This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies.
In the UK, research is concentrated. Less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research
funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD
graduates, science citations, patents and licence income. The effect of policies generating
long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are
research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and
commercialisation work creates differences between universities.
The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their
research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic
and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their
expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research
commercialisation spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the
UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.
If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a
simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could,
and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.（分数：25.00）
(1).What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialisation?（分数：5.00）
have lost their leading position in many ways.
do not regard it as their responsibility.
fail to convert knowledge into money.
still have a place among the world leaders. √
解析：[解析] 由UK universities和commercialisation定位到第三段第二句。
细节辨认 题。作者从第三段开始就表明自己不同的立场，即我们需要反驳那些称大学缺乏商业化能力的抱

< br>怨；之后作者通过研究数据证明自己的观点，指出英国大学的起点虽然相对较低，但是其在商业化活动中< br>的许多指标都居于前列。因此，答案选D。
(2).What does the author say about the national data on UK universities
commercialisation?（分数：5.00）
does not reflect the differences among universities. √
masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.
does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.
indicates their ineffective use of government resources.
解析：[解析] 由national data定位到第四段第三句。
细节辨认题。定位 句提到，全国性的数据掩盖了各个大学表现之间的巨大差异，也就是说，没有反映出各
个大学之间的不同 ；第四句又具体地描述了有哪些不同：一大批大学已经掉队，只有少数大学表现十分突
出，剩下的大学在 追赶领先者。因此，答案为A。
(3).The （分数：5.00）
distribution of funding for universities and research institutions
sory cooperation between universities and industries
tration of resources in a limited number of universities √
ment aid to non-research-oriented universities
解析：[解析] 由policy interventions定位到第四段第一句。
推理判断题。题干中的policy inte rventions出现在第四段第一句，第四段大意是政府干预对英国大学的
表现有积极作用，但导致 了各个大学实力不均衡的现象；第五段第二句指出，在英国，科研是十分集中的，
不到25%的大学获得 了75%的研究基金；第五段末句总结：很明显，科研和商业化活动上的集中导致了大学
之间的差异。由 此推断，政府的政策指“对一定数量的大学进行资源的集中投入”，故答案为C。
(4).What does the author suggest research-led universities do?（分数：5.00）
usly share their facilities with those short of funds.
utilise their research to benefit all sectors of society. √
their influence among top research institutions.
ise their research to win international recognition.
解析：[解析] 由research-led universities定位到第六段的第一、二句。
推理判断题。定位句指出：以研究为主导的 大学的核心目标必定是将其研究成果的作用最大化。这些大学
应该要产生最大范围的社会、经济和环境效 益。由此推断，作者建议以研究为主导的大学要“充分利用研
究成果以造福社会各个行业”，故答案为B 。
(5).How can the university sector play a key role in the UK（分数：5.00）
increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.
establishing more regional technology transfer offices.
promoting technology transfer and graduate school education. √
asking the government to invest in technology transfer research.
解析：[解析] 由play a key role in the UK定位到最后一段。
细节辨认题。定位段提到，如果想要英国大学在本国经济增长中发挥作用，就 要满足两个条件：“地区间
技术转让部门的协调更加顺畅”，同时，“投入资金进行研究生院的建设，使 其规模更大且更好地发挥作
用”，也就是技术转让和研究生教育这两个方面。因此，答案为C。