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1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案
(文字答案校对版)
2017年改错真题
The ability to communicate is
the primary factor that distinguishes human
beings from animals. And it is the ability to
communicate well which 1.________
distinguishes one individual from another.
The fact is that apart from the basic
necessities, one needs to
be equipped with
habits for good communication skills, thus this is
2.________
what will make one a happy and
successful social being.
In order to develop
these habits, one needs to first acknowledge
the fact that they need to improve
communication skills from time to time.
They
need to take stock of the way how they interact
and the direction 3.________
in which their
work and personal relations are going. The only
constant
in life is change, the more one
accepts one’s strengths and works 4._______
towards dealing with their shortcomings,
specially in the area of 5.________
communication skills, the better will be their
interactions and
the more their social
popularity.
The dominated question that comes
here is: How to improve 6.________
communication skills? The answer is simple.
One can find
plenty of literature on this.
There are also experts, who conduct
workshops
and seminars based on communication skills of men
and women. In fact, a large number of
companies are bringing in
trainers to
regularly make sessions on the subject, in order
to 7.________
help their work force
maintain better interpersonal work relations.
Today effective communication skills have
become a predominant
factor even while
recruiting employees. While interviewing
candidates,
most interviewers judge them on
the basis of the skills they communicate with.
They believe that some skills can be
improvised on the job; but ability to 8.________
communicate well is important, as every
employee becomes the
representing face of the
company.
There are trainers, who specialized
in delivering custom-made 9._______
programs on the subject. Through the sessions
they not only facilitate
better communication
skills in the workplace, but also look into
the problems in the manner of being able to
convey messages effectively. 10._______
2016年改错真题
All social units develop a
culture. Even in two-person relationships,
a
culture develops in time. In friendship and
romantic relationships, 1._________
for
example, partners develop their own history,
shared experiences,
language patterns,
habits, and customs give that relationship a
special 2._________
character—a character
that differs it in various ways from
3._________
other relationships.
Examples might include special dates, places,
songs, or events that come to have a unique
and
important symbolic meaning for the two
individuals. Thus, any 4._________
social unit—whether a relationship, group,
organization, or
society—develops a culture
with the passage of time.
While the defining
characteristics of each culture are unique,
all cultures share certain same functions. The
relationship between 5.__________
communication and culture is a very complex
intimate one. 6.__________
Cultures
are created through communication; that is,
communication is
the means of human
interaction, through it cultural characteristics
7.__________
are created and shared. It is not
so much that individuals set out to create a
culture when they
interact in relationships,
groups, organizations, or societies,
but
rather than that cultures are a natural by-product
of social interaction.8._________
In a sense,
cultures are the “residue” of social
communication.
Without communication and
communication media, it would be impossible to
have and pass along cultural characteristics
from one place and time to 9.__________
another. One can say, furthermore, that
culture is created, shaped, 10._________
transmitted, and learned through
communication.
2015年改错真题
When I was in
my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show
on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round
at the luxury of the 1. ________
rink,
my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats
we had been
given. I did not know what she
meant, and being proud of my
2.________
vocabulary, I tried to infer its
meaning from the context. “Plush”
was clearly
intended as a complimentary, a positive
evaluation; that 3. ________
much I
could tell it from the tone of voice and the
context. So I 4. ________
started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they
certainly are plush, and
so are the ice rink
and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? My
friend’s mother was very polite to correct me,
but I could tell from her 5. ________
expression that I had not got the word quite
right.
Often we can indeed infer from the
context what a word roughly
means, and that
is in fact the way which we usually acquire both
6. ________
new words and new meanings for
familiar words, specially in our 7.
________
own first language. But sometimes we
need to ask, as I should have
asked for
plush, and this is particularly true in the
8.________
aspect of a foreign language. If
you are continually surrounded by
9________
speakers of the language you are
learning, you can ask them directly,
but
often this opportunity does not exist for the
learner of English.
So dictionaries have been
developed to mend the gap.
10. _________
2014年改错真题
There is
widespread consensus among scholars that second
language
acquisition (SLA) emerged as a
distinct field of research from the late 1950s to
early 1960s.
There is a high level
of agreement that the following questions
1.__________
have possessed the most attention
of researchers in this area: 2.__________
◆Is it possible to acquire an additional
language in the
same sense one acquires a
first language?
3.__________
◆What is the explanation for the
fact adults have
4.__________
more difficulty in acquiring
additional languages than children have?
◆What
motivates people to acquire additional languages?
◆What is the role of the language teaching in
the 5.___________
acquisition of an additional language?
◆What socio-cultural factors, if any, are
relevant in studying the
learning of
additional languages?
From a check of the
literature of the field it is clear that all
6.__________
the approaches adopted to study
the phenomena of SLA so far have
one thing in
common: The perspective adopted to view the
acquiring
of an additional language is that of
an individual attempts to do 7.___________
so. Whether one labels it “learning” or
“acquiring” an additional
language, it is an
individual accomplishment or what is under
8.___________
focus is the cognitive,
psychological, and institutional status of an
individual. That is, the spotlight is on what
mental capabilities are
involving, what
psychological factors play a role in the learning
9.___________
or acquisition, and whether the
target language is learnt in the
classroom or
acquired through social touch with native
speakers. 10.___________
2013年改错真题
Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the
study of the psychological processes involv
ed
in language. Psycholinguistics study
understanding,
production and remembering
language, and hence are concerned
1.__________
with listening, reading,
speaking, writing, and memory for language.
One reason why we take the language for
granted is that it usually 2.__________
happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so
accurately. 3.__________
Indeed, when you listen to someone to
speaking, or looking at this page, 4.________
you normally cannot help but understand it.
It is only in exceptional circumstances we
might become aware of 5._________
the
complexity involved: if we are searching for a
word but cannot
remember it; if a
relative or colleague has had a stroke which has
6._________
influenced their language; if we
observe a child acquire language; 7._________
if we try to learn a second language
ourselves as an adult; or if we
are
visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we
meet anyone else 8._________
who is. As we
shall see, all these examples of what might be
called
“language in exceptional
circumstances” reveal a great deal about the
processes evolved in speaking, listening, writing
and reading. But 9.__________
given that
language processes were normally so automatic, we
also 10.__________
need to carry out careful
experiments to get at what is happening.
2012年改错真题
The central problem of
translating has always been whether to
translate literally or freely. The argument
has been going since at least 1.__________
the first century B.C. Up to the beginning of
the 19th century, many
writers favored
certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit,
not the 2.__________
letter; the sense not
the word; the message rather the form; the matter
3.__________
not the manner. This is the often
revolutionary slogan of writers who 4.___________
wanted the truth to be read and understood.
Then in the turn of 5.___________
19th
century, when the study of cultural anthropology
suggested that
the linguistic barriers were
insuperable and that the language was
6.__________
entirely the product of culture,
the view translation was impossible
7.__________
gained some currency, and with
it that, if was attempted at all, it must
8.__________
be as literal as possible. This
view culminated the statement of the
9._________
extreme “literalists” Walter
Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.
The argument
was theoretical: the purpose of the translation,
the nature of the readership, the type of the
text, was not discussed.
Too often, writer,
translator and reader were implicitly identified
with each
other. Now, the context has
changed, and the basic problem remains. 10.
_________
2011年改错真题
From a very early age,
perhaps the age of five or six, I
knew that
when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages
1._____________
of about seventeen and twenty-
four I tried to abandon this
idea, but I did
so with the conscience that I was outraging my
2._____________
true nature and that soon or
later I should have to settle down
3._____________
and write books.
I was
the child of three, but there was a gap of
five years on either side, and I barely saw my
father 4._____________
before I
was eight. For this and other reasons I was
somewhat
lonely, and I soon developed
disagreeing mannerisms which 5._____________
made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I
had the
lonely child's habit of making up
stories and holding
conversations with
imaginative persons, and I think from the
6._____________
very start my literal
ambitions were mixed up with the feeling
7._____________
of being isolated and
undervalued. I knew that I had a facility
with words and a power of facing in unpleasant
facts, and I 8._____________
felt that
this created a sort of private world which I could
get 9._____________
my own back for my
failure in everyday life. Therefore, the
10.____________
volume of serious — i.e.
seriously intended — writing which
I produced
all through my childhood and boyhood would not
amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first
poem
at the age of four or five, my mother
taking it down to dictation.
2010年改错真题
So
far as we can tell, all human languages are
equally
complete and perfect as instruments
of communication: that is,
every language
appears to be well equipped as any other to say
1____________
the things their speakers
want to say.
2____________
There may or may not be
appropriate to talk about primitive
3_____________people
s or cultures, but that is
another matter. Certainly, not all
groups of
people are equally competent in nuclear physics or
psychology or the cultivation of rice .
Whereas this is not the 4____________
fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is
said, can speak about
snow with further more
precision and subtlety than we can in
5_____________
English, but this is not
because the Eskimo language (one of those
sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently
more precise and
subtle than English. This
example does not come to light a defect
6____________
in English, a show of unexpected
'primitiveness'. The position is
simply and
obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in
similar 7___________
environments. The
English language will be just as rich in terms
8____________
for different kinds of snow,
presumably, if the environments in which
Englishwas habitually used made such distinction
as important. 9___________
Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the
Eskimo language
could be as precise and
subtle on the subject of motor manufacture
or cricket if these topics formed the part of
the Eskimos' life. 10____________For
obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the
nineteenth century
could not talk about
motorcars with the minute discrimination
which is possible today: cars were not a part
of their culture.
But they had a host of
terms for horse-drawn vehicles
which send us,
puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we
are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us
could distinguish
between a chaise, a landau,
a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig,
a
diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a
carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence?
2009年改错真题
The previous section has shown how quickly a
rhyme passes from
one school child to the
next and illustrates the further difference
1.__________
between school lore and nursery
lore. In nursery lore a verse,learnt in
early
childhood, is not usually passed on again when the
little listener 2.__________
has grown up,
and has children of their own, or even grandchild
3.___________
The period between learning a
nursery rhyme and transmitting it may
be
something from twenty to seventy the playground
lore, 4.__________
therefore, a rhyme may be
excitedly passed on within the very hour it is
5._________
learnt; and in the general, it
passes between children of the same age,
6.___________
or nearly so, since it is
uncommon for the difference in age between
playmates to be more than five years. If,
therefore, a playground rhyme
can be shown to
have been currently for a hundred years, or even
just 7.___________
for fifty, it follows that
it has been retransmitted over and over; very
8.___________
possibly it has passed along a
chain of two or three hundred young
hearers
and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains
live after so much 9.__________
handling, to
let alone that it bears resemblance to the
10.___________
2008年改错真题
The desire
to use language as a sign of national identity is
a
very natural one, and in result language
has played a prominent 1.__________
part in national moves. Men have often felt
the need to cultivate 2.__________
a
given language to show that they are distinctive
from another 3.__________
race whose
hegemony they resent. At the time the United
States 4.__________
split off from
Britain, for example, there were proposals that
independence should be linguistically accepted
by the use of a 5.__________
different language from those of Britain.
There was even one 6.__________
proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew.
Others favoured
the adoption of Greek,
though, as one man put it, things would
certainly be simpler for Americans if they
stuck on to English 7.__________
and
made the British learn Greek. At the end, as
everyone 8.__________
knows, the
two countries adopted the practical and
satisfactory
solution of carrying with the
same language as before.
9.__________
Since nearly two hundred years
now, they have shown the world 10.__________
that political independence and national
identity can be complete
without sacrificing
the enormous mutual advantages of a common
language.
2007年改错真题
From what has been
said, it must be clear that no one can
make
very positive statements about how language
originated.
There is no material in any
language today and in the earliest
1.__________
records of ancient languages
show us language in a new and
2.__________
emerging state. It is often
said, of course, that the language
3._________
originated in cries of anger,
fear, pain and pleasure, and the
4.__________
necessary evidence is entirely
lacking: there are no remote
tribes, no
ancient records, providing evidence of
a
language with a large proportion of such cries
5.__________
than we find in English. It is
true that the absence
of such evidence
does not disprove the theory, but in other grounds
6.___________
too the theory is not very
attractive.
People of all races and
languages make rather similar
noises in
return to pain or pleasure. The fact that
7.___________
such noises are similar on the
lips of Frenchmen
and Malaysians whose
languages are utterly different,
serves to
emphasize on the fundamental difference
8.___________
between these noises and
language proper. We may
say that the cries of
pain or chortles of amusement
are largely
reflex actions, instinctive to large extent,
9.____________
whereas language proper does
not consist of signs
but of these that have
to be learnt and that are wholly conventional.
10.___________
2006年改错真题
We use
language primarily as a means of communication
with
other human beings. Each of us shares
with the community in which we
live a
store of words and meanings as well as agreeing
conventions as 1.________
to the way in
which words should be arranged to convey a
particular 2.________
message: the
English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and
a 3._________
set of grammatical
rules which enables him to communicate his
4._________
thoughts and feelings, in a
variety of styles, to the other English
5._________
speakers. His vocabulary, in
particular, both that which he uses actively
and that which he recognises, increases in
size as he grows
old as a result of education
and experience.
6._________
But, whether the language store is
relatively small or large, the system
remains no more than a psychological reality
for the individual, unless
he has a means of
expressing it in terms able to be seen by another
7._________
member of his linguistic
community; he has to give the system a
concrete transmission form. We take it for
granted the two most 8.___________
common forms of transmission-by means of
sounds produced by our
vocal organs (speech)
or by visual signs (writing). And these are
9.___________
among most striking of human
achievements.
10.___________
2005年改错真题
The
University as Busines
A number of colleges and
universities have announced steep tuition
increases for next year—much steeper than the
current, very low rate of
inflation. They say
the increases are needed because of a loss in
value of
university endowments heavily
investing in common stock. I am skeptical.
1._______
A business firm chooses the price
that maximizes its net revenues,
irrespective
fluctuations in income; and increasingly the
outlook of 2._________
universities in the
United States is indistinguishable from those of
3._________
business firms. The rise in
tuitions may reflect the fact economic
4._________
uncertainty increases the demand
for education. The biggest cost of
being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this
is primarily a 5._________
factor in
graduate and professional-school tuition);
the poor one's job prospects, the more sense
it makes to 6.__________
reallocate time from the job market to
education,
in order to make oneself more
marketable.
The ways which universities
make themselves attractive to students7._________
include soft majors, student evaluations of
teachers, giving students
a governance role,
and eliminate required courses. Sky-high tuitions
8.____________
have caused universities to
regard their students as customers. Just as
business firms sometimes collude to shorten
the rigors of competition, 9.___________
universities collude to minimize the cost to
them of the athletes
whom they recruit in
order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best
athletes now often bypass higher education in
order to obtain salaries
earlier from
professional teams. And until they were stopped by
the
antitrust authorities, the Ivy League
schools colluded to limit competition
for the
best students, by agreeing not to award
scholarships on the basis
of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business
firms agreeing not to give discounts on their
best customer. 10 ___________
2004年改错真题
One of the most important non-legislative
functions of the U.S. Congress
is the power
to investigate. The power is usually delegtated to
committees — either stading committees,
special committees set for a specific purpose,
1.___________
or joint committees consisted of
members of both houses. 2.___________
Investigations are held to gather information
on the need for
Future legislation, to
test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualification and
performance of members and
officials of the
other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the
3.___________
groundwork for impeachment
proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely
outside experts to assist in conducting
investigative hearings 4.___________
and to
make out detailed studies of issues.
5.____________
There are important corallaries
to the investigative power.
One is the power
to publicize investigations and its results.
6.___________
most committee hearings are open
to public and are reported 7.___________
widely in the mass media. Congressional
investigation
nevertheless represent one
important tool available to lawmakes
8.___________
to inform the citizenry and to
arouse public interests in national
issuses.9.__________
Congressional committees
also have the power to compel
testimony from
unwilling witnesses, and to cite fro contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify
and for perjury
these who give false
testimony.
10.__________
2003年改错真题
Demographic
indicators show that Americans in the postwar
period were more eager than ever to establish
families. They quickly
brought down the
age at marriage for both men and women and brought
the birth rate to a twentieth century height
after more than a hundred 1.________
years of a steady decline, producing the “baby
boom.” These young 2.________
adults
established a trend of early marriage and
relatively large
families that went for
more than two decades and caused a major
3.___________but tem
porary reversal of long-
term demographic patterns. From
the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a
high rate 4.__________ and at
a younger
age than their Europe counterparts.
5.__________
Less noted but equally more
significant, the men and women who
6._________
formed families between 1940
and 1960 nevertheless reduced the
7._________
divorce rate after a postwar
peak; their marriages remained intact to
a
greater extent than did that of couples who
married in earlier as well 8.__________as
late
r decades. Since the United States
maintained its dubious 9.__________
distinction of having the highest divorce rate
in the world, the
temporary decline in
divorce did not occur in the same extent in
10._________
Europe. Contrary to fears of the
experts, the role of
breadwinner and
homemaker was not abandoned.
2002年改错真题
There are great impediments to the general use
of a standard
in pronunciation comparable
to that existing in spelling
(orthography).
One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt
“naturally” and unconsciously, and orthography
is learnt 1.____________
deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of
us, in fact,
remain throughout our lives
quite unconscious with what
2.____________
our speech sounds like when we
speak out, and it often 3.____________
comes as a shock when we firstly hear a
recording of ourselves. 4.____________
It
is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our
own handwriting
is something which we almost
always know. We begin the “natural” 5.___________
learning of pronunciation long before we start
learning to read or
write, and in our early
years we went on unconsciously imitating and
6.___________
practicing the pronunciation of
those around us for many more hours
per every
day than we ever have to spend learning even our
difficult 7.__________
English spelling.
This is “natural” therefore, that our speech-
sounds 8.__________
should be those of our
immediate circle; after all, as we have seen,
speech operates as a means of holding a
community and 9.__________
giving
a sense of “belonging”. We learn quite early to
recognize a
“stranger”, someone who speaks
with an accent of a different
Community—perhaps only a few miles far.
10.__________
2001年改错真题
During the early
years of this century, wheat was seen as the very
lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city
streets watched the yields
and the price of
wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were
growers. 1.________
The marketing of wheat
became an increasing favorite topic of
conversation.2.______
War set the stage for
the most dramatic events in marketing the
western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted
speculative grain selling
as carried on
through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices
were generally low in the autumn, so farmers
could not wait for 3.____________
markets
to improve. It had happened too often that they
sold their wheat
soon shortly after harvest
when farm debts were coming due,
4.____________
just to see prices rising and
speculators getting rich. On various
occasions,5.________
producer groups, asked
firmer control, but the government had no wish to
6.________
become involving, at least not
until wartime when wheat prices
threatened7.________
to run wild.
Anxious
to check inflation and rising life costs, the
federal 8.___________
government appointed
a board of grain supervisors to deal with
deliveries
from the crops of 1917 and 1918.
Grain Exchange trading was suspended,
and
farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To
handle with the crop of 9._________
1919, the
government appointed the first Canadian Wheat
Board,
with total authority to buy, sell, and
set prices. 10.___________
2000年改错真题
The grammatical words
which play so large a part in English
grammar are for the most part sharply and
obviously different
from the lexical
words. A rough and ready difference which may
seem the most obvious is that grammatical
words have“ less 1.___________
meaning”,
but in fact some grammarians have called them
2.___________
“empty” words as opposed in the
“full” words of vocabulary. 3.__________
But this is a rather misled way of expressing
the distinction. 4.__________
Although
a word like the is not the name of something as
man is,
it is very far away from being
meaningless; there is a sharp
5.__________
difference in meaning between
“man is vile and” “the man is
vile”, yet the
is the single vehicle of this difference in
meaning. 6.___________
Moreover,
grammatical words differ considerably among
themselves as the amount of meaning they have,
even in the 7.___________
lexical
sense. Another name for the grammatical words has
been
“little words”. But size is by no mean
a good criterion for 8.___________
distinguishing the grammatical words of
English, when we
consider that we have
lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart
9.___________
from this, however, there is a
good deal of truth in what some
people say:
we certainly do create a great number of obscurity
10.__________
when we omit them. This is
illustrated not only in the poetry of
Robert
Browning but in the prose of telegrams and
newspaper headlines.
1999年改错真题
The
hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our
prehistoric 1.____________
human
ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet
supplementing 2.____________
with animal
foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem
hunter-gatherers,
including the Kung of
southern Africa, revealed that one
half
emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third
concentrate on
fishing and only one-sixth are
primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirds
and
more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from
plants. Detailed 3.__________
studies of the
Kung by the food scientists at the University of
London, showed that gathering is a more
productive source of food
than is hunting. An
hour of hunting yields in average about 100
4.___________
edible calories, as an hour of
gathering produces 240. 5.__________
Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80
percent of the Kung 6.___________
diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt
fails. Interestingly, if
they escape fatal
infections or accidents, these contemporary
aborigines live to old ages despite of the
absence of medical care. 7.___________
They experience no obesity, no middle-aged
spread, little dental
decay, no high blood
pressure, on heart disease, and their blood
cholesterol levels are very low( about half of
the average 8.__________
American
adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to
9.___________
an aboriginal life style, we
certainly could use their eating habits
as a
model for healthier diet.
1998年改错真题
When a human infant is born into any
community in any part
of the world it has two
things in common with any infant, provided
1.____________
neither of them have been
damaged in any way either before
2.___________
or during birth. Firstly, and
most obviously, new born children
are
completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to
pay attention to their
helplessness by using sound, there is nothing
3.___________
the new born child can do to
ensure his own survival. Without
care from
some other human being or beings, be it mother,
grandmother, or human group, a child is very
unlikely to survive.
This helplessness of
human infants is in marked contrast with
the
capacity of many new born animals to get on their
feet 4.___________
within minutes
of birth and run with the herd within a few
hours. Although young animals are certainly in
risk, sometimes 5.___________
for
weeks or even months after birth, compared with
the human
infant they very quickly develop
the capacity to fend for them. 6.__________
It is during this very long period in which
the human infant
is totally dependent on the
others that it reveals the second feature
7.__________
which it shares with all other
undamaged human infants, a
capacity to learn
language. For this reason, biologists now suggest
that language be 8.__________
to
say, they consider the human infant to be genetic
programmed 9._________
in such way that
it can acquire language. This suggestion implies
10.__________
that just as human beings are
designed to see three-dimensionally and in colour,
and
just as they are designed to stand upright
rather than to move on all fours, so they are
designe
d to learn and use language as part of
their normal developments as well-formed human
bein
gs.
1997年改错真题
Classic Intention
Movement
In social situations, the classic
Intention Movement is
but now the host
has an appointment to keep
and can get away.
His urge to go is
1.___________
held in check by his desire not
be rude to his guest. 2.___________
If he did not care of his guest's feelings he
would 3.___________
simply
get up out of his chair and to announce his
4.___________
departure. This is what his
body wants to do, therefore
5.____________
his politeness glues his body
to the chair and refuses
to let him raise. It
is at this point that he
6.____________
performs the chair-grasp
Intention Movement. He continues
to talk to
the guest and listen to him, but leans forward
and grasps the arms of the chair as about to
push 7.____________
himself
upwards. This is the first act he would
make
if he were rising. If he were not hesitating,
8._____________
it would only last a fraction
of the second. He would 9._____________
lean, push, rise, and be up. But now,
instead, it lasts
much longer. He holds his
10._____________
keeps on holding it. It is
as if his body had frozen at the get-ready moment.
1996年改错真题
The second most important
constituent of the biosphere is liquid water. This
can only ex
ist in a very narrow range of
temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and
boilsat 100°C. This
is only a tiny range
compared with the low temperatures of some other
planets and the hot in
terior of the earth, let
the temperatures 1.__________
of the
sun. As we know, life would only be possible on
the face of a 2. __________
planet had
temperatures somewhere within this range.
3.___________
The earth's supply of water
probably remains quite fairly
4.___________
constant in quantity. A certain
number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the
main
constituents of water, are lost by
escaping from the
atmosphere to out space,
but they are probably just
5.___________
about replaced by new water
rising away from the depths of the
6.__________
earth during volcanic action.
The total quantity of water is not known,
and
it is about enough to cover the surface of the
globe 7.___________
to a depth of
about two and three-quarter kms. Most of it -97% -
is
in the form of the salt waters of the
oceans. The rest is fresh,
but three quarter
of this is in the form of ice at the Poles
8.____________
and on mountains, and cannot
be used by living systems when 9.___________
melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is
somewhat fewer than 10.___________
1% of
the whole, there is 10—20 times as much stored as
underground water as is actually o
n the
surface. There is also a minor, but extremely
important, fraction of the water supply w
hich
is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.
1995年改错真题
There are far too many road
accidents in this country,
too many deaths and
too many people injured. One
wonders who are
most to blame, drivers and pedestrians.
1._____________
Some people say that the blame
cannot be put fairly
with considering the
state of the roads and the whole
2._____________
transport system. In such
crowed cities London,
3._____________
Birmingham or Manchester, road
conditions are so
chaotic that both driver and
pedestrian often endanger
lives through no
fault of their own. Such sufficiency
4._____________ as too
many road signs, faulty
traffic lights, suddenly
narrowing of the
streets, congested parking are all a
sure
indication of bad road conditions. On the other
hand, many experts are convincing that the
larger 5._____________
part of
the blame for the death toll must be put on
persons alone: Drivers who drive too fast and
without
any consideration for others; drivers
who think they
are safe at the wheel as though
they have drunk too 6.____________
much alcohol; drivers, who out of some curious
sense
of power, are incapable of
understanding that their car
is a lethal
weapon if is improperly used. Pedestrians,
7.____________
likewise, must share the guilt-
stepping off the
pavement without first
looking to the left or right,
crossing roads
when the traffic lights are for them,
8.____________
jump off a moving bus. To be
fair, pedestrians, drivers
9._____________
and road conditions are all to
blame. One looks
forward to the day when the
motor-car has been
replaced by some more
dangerous means of transport.
10._____________
2017年改错Key:
1.把which改为that,这里是强调句型
2.把thus
改为as或because,后一句是原因而不是结果
3.去掉way 后面的how,the
way 后面可以直接用状语从句,how 已经有“the way
of”
的语法意义,也可以把how 改为that
4. 在 the more
前面加上and,两个小句之间缺少承接关系连词
5. 把specially
改为especially
6. 把domininated 改为dominating
7. 把make 改为conduct,have或者deliver,指上课、开会等,搭配合理
8. 把some 去掉,或者ability前面加the
9.
把specialized 改为specialize
10.把manner 改成way
2016年Key:
1.把in 改为over
2.在give
前面加which 或者that
3.把differs 改为differentiates
或者把it 删掉
4.把
the 删掉
5.把same 改为 commen
或者把certain 改为the
6.在complex 后面加and
7. 把it
改为which
8.删掉than
9.把have 改为preserve
10.把furthermore 改为therefore
2015年Key:
1. 把Looked改为Looking
2. 把and 改为but
3. 把complimentary 改为 compliment
4. 把it 删掉
5. 把very 改为too
6. which 前面加in 或者删掉which
或者把which 改为that
lly 改为especially
8. for
改为about
9.把aspect 改为case
10. 删掉been
2014年Key
1. 把a 前面加also
2.
把possessed 改为attracted
3. 在one 前面加as
4.
在fact 后面加that
5. 把language 前面的the 删掉
6.
把check 后面的of 改为on
ts改为attempt 或者attempting
8. or改为and
9.把involving 改为involved
10. 把touch 改为interaction或者contact
2013年Key:
1. 把production 改为producing
2. 把language 前面的the 删掉
3. 在time前面加the
4. 把looking 改为look
5. 在we 前面加that
6.
把has had 中去掉had
7. 把their 改为his
8.
把anyone 改为someone
9. 把evolved 改为involved
10. 把were 改为are
2012年Key:
1.going∧
since-加入on 题解:go
on的意思是“继续”,符合句子表达的含义“争论
一直在继续”。
2.certain-改为a certain题解:此处要表达的意思是“很多作家喜欢一种自由的翻
译
方法”,第一次出现这种方法应该加上不定冠词。
3.rather-改为not
,或者rather 后面加than
题解:根据原句的句子结构,rather应改为not。
4.is -改为was
题解:此句应该为过去时。
5.in -改为
at
题解:at the turn of 19th
century“十九世纪之初”,是固定搭配。
6.删去language 前面的the
题解:这里并没有特指某种语言,所以不用定冠词。
7.view∧translation-加入that
题解:在view和translation之间加上that,可将“translation
was impossible”看成view
的同位语。
8.was-删去was
题解:条件状语从句常可以省略主语和系动词。
9.culminated∧the-加入in
题解:culminate
in是“以......告终”的意思,符合上下文含义。
10.and -改为but <
br>题解:根据原句意思“现在背景变化了,但是基本问题依然存在”,两句话之间应该是
转折关系。
2011年Key:
1.在grow后加up, 考固定短语
2. 改consience为consciousness
考词语区别,consience翻译为“良心,道德心”,
consiousness翻译为“意识”
3.改soon为sooner,sooner or later是固定短语
4.去掉either 前面的the
5.改disagreeing
为disagreeable ,disagreeing只能作动名词,
不能作形容词。
disagreeable mannernisms 令人讨厌的习惯
6.
改imaginative为imaginary, 考词语区别
imaginative翻译为“有想象力的”,imaginary
翻译为“想象的,虚构的”
7.改literal 为literary , 考词义区别,
literal翻译为“字面的”,literary 翻译为“文学方
面的”
8.去掉face后的in,face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法
9.
在world后加in或者改which为where, 考定语从句
10.改Therefore为However或者Nevertheness, 考语境。
2010年Key:
1.
be后加 as; as…as引导的比较级
2.their改为its; its代替every language
3.There改为It; It此处作为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式
4. Whereas改为But ; 语境需要表示转折的连词,whereas表示对比
5.further 改为much further不能修饰比较级
6.come改为bring; (sth)come to light , bring
sth to light
bring to light the defect of
English =bring the defect of english to light
揭示英语的缺陷
7.similar改为different;
根据语境应该用different
8.will改为would; 虚拟语气
9.as important去掉as;
10.the
part去掉the或者改the为a bebecomeform (a) part of
是固定短语
2009年Key:
further difference改为a
further difference(此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指,第一次提
到的新信息)
2. 改when 为until, 结构not...until翻译为“直到……才”
改为his(代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致)
ing 改为anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段
ore改为however
(根据上下文逻辑关系,两种lore的传播形成对比)
the general去掉the
(习惯用法in general 表示总的来说,一般不用冠词)
tly 改为current
(这里起的是表语的作用,需要形容词而不是副词)
over 后面加again, over
and over again 表示一再的短语
改为 alive alive翻译为“鲜
活的”,一般作补语;live翻译为“现场转播的;活
的”,一般作定语,做前置定语,修饰人用li
ving,修饰物用live
10. to let alone改为 let alone
(let alone 为习惯搭配,意思是“更不用说”
2008年Key
result 改成in consequence,
改成movements.
ctive改成distinct或different
4.
在time后加when
ed 改成realized ,acknowleged,
confirmed
改成that
7. 删除on,
8 .At
改成In
9 .carrying with 改成 carrying on with
10 .now改成 ago 或者把Since 改为For
2007年Key:
1.改and为or, any languagages today or recordsof
ancient languages 是并列成分,在否定
句中用or
2.改show为showing, 现在分词作定语
3. 删除the, 表示泛指
4. 改and为but, 根据语境此处是转折
5. 改
large为larger, 后面有than, 应该用比较级
6. 改in为on, on
other grounds “ 基于其它理由”,为固定搭配
7.
改return为response , in response to “对……作出反应”
8. 删除on, emphasize sth emphasize是及物动词
9. 在large前加a, extent 是可数名词,前面要加冠词。
翻译为“在很
大程度上”
10. 改 these为 those, those
thatwho为固定形式
2006年Key:
1.
改agreeing为agreed, agreed conventions翻译为“习俗”
2.
words前加the, 或者those, these此处为特指
3. 改in为at
at one?s disposal为固定短语,翻译为“由某人做主”
4.
改enables为enable,定语从句与先行词vocabulary and a set of
grammatical rules保持
一致
5. 删除the, 此处需要泛指
6. 改 old为older, 此处需要比较级
7.
改seen为understood,perceived, comprehended,
system应该是被理解
8. 删除it , take sth for granted
take it for granted that…
9. 改 or为and
,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系
10. most前加the,
形容词最高级中that一般不能省略
2005年Key:
1.
investing应改为invested,过去分词作定语
2.
在irrespective和fluctuations之间加上介词of。Irrespective of
是一固定用法,意指“不
论,不管,不顾,”等,此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。
3.
把those改为that, that此处代替outlook
4. 在fact和econom
ic之间力口上关系代词that。这是一个同位语从语,that在同位语
从句中是不能省略的.
5. 把定冠词the去掉, in school表示上学这个抽象意义
6.把形容词p
oor改为其比较级poorer。这句中的poor与后面的more形成一对比较关
系,表示“越…
…越……”
7.在ways和which之间加上一个介词in。
8.把eliminate改为
eliminating,以便使句型结构与前面的
giving(students a
governance role)保持一致,否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确。
9.将shor
ten(缩短;使变短)改为reducelessonweakenminimize。此处属于用词不当。
10.将to give discounts on改为to give discounts to
their best customer
2004年Key:
1.在set 后加up,
set up“建立、成立”是固定短语,或者删掉set
2.把consisted →改为
consisting或者composed
3.答案:in → on
固定搭配on ...occasions
4.答案
rely后加on,或者把rely 改为askinvite
固定搭配rely on sb.
to do something
5.答案:make out → make make
out 意思是“辨认出”,而此处意思是“对...做详细的
研究”,故用“make
detailed studies of...” 即可。或者把make 改为carry
6.答案:its → their
此处指代的是“investigations”,
故用复数。
7.答案: public → the public
the
+adj. 可表示某一类人,此处意思是“面向公众”,故应用“the public”。
8.答案:nevertheless → therefore thusthenhence
此处不是表示意思的转折,而是与前文构成因果关系,故可改为therefore 或thus。
9.答案:interests → interest
【详细解答】
此处看成不可数名词为佳
10.答案:these → those
【详细解答】those 指代witnesses ,
即指代名词复数做定语从句的先行词,而these不
行
2003年Key:
1.
height→high, high 作为名词翻译为“最高水平”,又如reach an all-
time high
2. 删除a
此处steady
decline指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果,为不可数名词,故应去掉
定冠词a。
3.went后加on 或者把went 改为lasted go
on为固定搭配,意为“持续”。
4. high→higher
后面有than,此处应为比较级。
5.Europe→European
根据上下文,此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。
6.
删掉more 由上下文可知,more与equally矛盾,故应去掉。
7.
nevertheless→also
由上下文可知,此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系,而非转折关系。
8.
that→those
由上下文可知,此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages,故指
示代词也应该用复
数形式。
9.Since→Although(或While)
从逻辑上讲,此处应表达让步关系,而非因果关系。
10.in→to
to...extent为固定搭配,意为“到……程度”
2002年Key:
1.把and 改为whilewhereasbutyet 都可以
2.把with 改为of
3.把speak out
的out删掉,或者在中间加上them
4.把firstly改为first
5.把which 改为that 或者删掉which
6.把went 改为go
7. 删掉per 或者删掉every
8. 把This 改为It
9.
在community 后面加上together
10.把far 改为away
2001年Key:
1.答案: in→with with…feeling
怀着。。。感情,感觉。。。
2.答案:increasing→increasingly
increasing可用来修饰名词,表示正在增加,修饰
名词topic不合题意。本
句中应该用副词作状语修饰形容词favorite,所以应该改用副
词increasingly。
3.答案:so→but
根据上下文判断,小麦价格在秋天不断下降,但是农民不能等着市场
提升价格。
这里应该是转折关系,而不是因果关系。
4.答案:删掉soon或shortly
要表达不久以后,要么用soon after,要么用shortly
after,
就是没有soon shortly after这种搭配。
5.答案:just→only only to 的含义是“不料,结果却。。。”符合句意
6.答案:asked∧→for ask for为固定搭配,意为要求,请求。
7.答案:involving→involved be involved
in为一固定搭配,意为被卷入…,这里的
be为连系动词,可用 become替换。
8.答案:1ife→living 根据上下文,这里要表达的意思是生活费用,应为living
costs。
life则意 为生命,不能修饰costs。
9.答案:handle→de
al或删掉withhandle为及物动词,应直接带宾语。而固定搭配
deal
with与handle同义,都 表示 处理(某事)。
10.答案:total→full
complete total意为总体的,全体的,指一种整体的概念。而这里
要表达的是全部
的权威,英语中常用full authority。
2000年Key:
1.删除seem后的the
本句中的most为副词,不是最高级形式,故不用定冠词the。翻译为“极其”
→and
根据文章内容判断,but后面的陈述与前文并不是相反之意,而是并列关系。
3.答案:in→to as opposed
to为固定搭配,意为“与……对照,与……相比”。
4.
misled→misleading
根据句意,这里的方式(way)是对他人有误导,不是被他人误
导。所以应该用m
islead的现在分词表示主动的含义。
5.删掉 away
far away
from意为“距离某处很远”,而far from being则意为“远不是,远
够不上”。
根据上下文,这里是说“远非毫无意义”,故应该用短语far from being。
6. single→only
此处用only修饰vehicle比用single更符合习惯用法。
7. as→in
本句中的介词in表示“在……方面”,as则无此意。
8. mean→means
by no means为固定搭配,意为“丝毫不,绝不”。
9. have后加such
such … as是常见表达方式,用来举例说明。
10.
number改为dealamount
1999年Key:
1.答案:as→like【详细解答】as our prehistoric human
ancestors意为作为人类史前
的祖先那样,但是
根据上下文,此处应表达的意思是像人类史前的祖先那样,故应
该将as改为介词like。
2.答案:supplementing→supplemented
【详细解答】本句中的分词短语supplementing with
animal foods
是定语,修饰 vegetable
diet,根据上下文,此处是指素食被肉食补充,
故应该用过去分词表被动。
3.答案:and→or
【详细解答】根据上下文,这里的意思只能是三分之二或多于三分
之二,所以不能用表示并列
关系的and,而应该用表示选择关系的or。
4.答案:in→on 【详细解答】on
average为固定搭配,意为平均。
5.答案:as→whereaswhile
【详细解答】根据上下文意思,这两句话表示的是一种
对比关系。故应该改用连词whereas或w
hile,引出相反或不同的事实。
6.答案:for
【详细解答】provide是及物动词,可以直接连宾语 或者把provide
改
为account.
7.答案:of【详细解答】despite是一介词,其后可直接名词。
8.答案:half∧→that 【详细解答】在这里加上that,用来指代前面的blood
cholesterol
levels,句子结构才完整。
9.答案:if→though
【详细解答】根据上下文,这里的主从句关系不是条件,而是让步
关系,即尽管没有人建议
我们回到土著人的生活方式,…。
10.答案:for ∧→a 【详细解答】本句中的a
healthier diet表示一种更加健康的饮食。
冠词a泛指一种或一类。
1998年Key:
1.在any infant
中间加other,在比较一物与他物,一人与他人的异同时,必须从比较对象
中排除该物或该人.
2.将have改为has ,该谓语动词的主语为neither,所以要使用单数形式.
3.将pay改为drawcallattractelicit。这里要表达的是 “引起注意”.
4.将on改为to get rise spring to one’s feet 作
“起身,站起来”将.
5 . in risk 改为 in danger 或者 at risk
6. 将them 改为themselves 根据上下文,我们可以看出,这里需要一个代词来作
fend
for 的宾语.
7.删除定冠词the
8.将be 改为is,
在这里suggest 作 “认为,提出看法,暗示说”讲,不作 “建议”讲,
因此,不
可使用虚拟语气.
9.把genetic改为genetically这里副词genetically
修饰过去分词programmed.
10.在such way
中间加入a名词way为可数名词单数,因此前面要使用不定冠词.
1997年Key:
1.答案:can →must
【详细解答】根据上下文,短文第一句指出了“抓板凳”是
典型的意图性动作。第二
句就来解释这个动作发生的情景,即主客谈了许久后,主人有个约会,必须离开
去赴
约。这里要表示一种主动愿望“必须,不得不”的意思,而不是能力。所以应将can
改为
must。
2.答案:not∧→to。
【详细解答】本题属动词不定式否定形式的误用。one?s desire to do
sth.为固定搭配,
意
为“去做……的欲望,想去做……”,其否定形式是在to前面加not,即one?
s desire
not to do sth.意为“不愿去做……”。
3.答案:of→about【详细解答】
本句是说“如果他不在意客人的感受,他就会从座位上
站起来,说他要离开”,这里要表达“对……在意
,在乎”,故应该用care about这一固
定搭配,而care
for意为“喜欢,爱好;照顾”,不合题意。
4.答案:删掉 to
【详细解答】本句中的get up out of his
chair(从板凳上站起来)和
announce his departure
(说他要离开)是两个衔接很紧的动作,共用助动词would,所以
应将to删掉。
5.答案:therefore→but 或者though
【详细解答】根据上下文,本句的前后两
部分之间是转折关系。而therefore意为“因
此”,表示因果关系,因此应改用转折连词but
。
6.答案:raise→rise。【详细解答】raise为及物动词,意为“使升高,提升;
抚养,养
育”,其后必须接宾语。而本句中的动词raise后无宾语,所以应改为rise。rise
为不及
物动词,意为“起身”。
7.答案:as∧→if或though
【详
细解答】本句意为“身体向前,抓住椅子的扶手,就好像要把自己支撑起来一样”。
而连词as不能表达
“仿佛,好像”的意思,只有把它改成as if/though才合乎题意。
8.答案:make→perform或do
【详细解答】文中要表达的意思是“他将首先做出的动
作。”只有perform/do an
action表示“做动作”,而没有make an act这一表达方式。
9.答案:the→a 【详细解答】定冠词the表特指,不定冠词a/an表泛指。这里是说“如<
br>果他不迟疑,动作只会花不到一秒的时间”,是泛指任何一秒,而不是特指某一秒,所
以应该用不
定冠词。
10.答案:post→posture【详细解答】post意为“柱杆;邮件;职位,
岗位”等;posture
意为“姿势,举止;态度”。这里是说“他保持着?随时起身?的姿势”,所
以应用posture
合乎题意.
1996年Key:
1.1et ^ →
alone
2. face → surface
3.planet ^ → that/which
4.删掉quite或fairly
5.out → outer
6.删掉away
7.and
→ but
8.quarter → quarters
9.when →
until/unless
10.fewer → less
1995年Key:
1. and—or, 根据上下文One wonders who
are most to
blame这一疑问,drivers和
pedestrians其中之一需负责任
2.
with—without。without引导一个条件状语从句:“如果不考虑路况和整个交通体系的
话”
3. 在London前加as。such??as结构
4. suffic
iency—deficiencies。deficiencies意义为一些“不足,缺陷”,下文列举的<
/p>
too many road signs, faulty traffic
lights, suddenly narrowing of the streets,
congested
parking都是路况的不足和缺陷
5. convincing
—convinced。下文that从句后列举司机和行人种种的考试大违规的行为不
得不使人信服(
convinced)
the larger part of the blame for the
death toll must be put on persons alone
6.
as—even或删除as。as though引导条件状语从句;even though引导让步状语从句
,
意义为“即使”,此处是“有些司机即使喝了很多酒,他们仍然认为自己能够把握住方
向盘”
7. 去掉is或在is前加it。根据语法规则,有些表示时间地点条件方式或让步状语从句,
如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主语的主语一致,那么常常可以把从句中的主语和
谓语部分,特别
是动词be省略掉
8. for—against。步行者应该承担责任的原因之一为交通信号灯不
让他们穿越马路时他
们却穿马路了
9.
jump—jumping。jumping与上文的stepping off,crossing
并列和一致,应该用动名词
10。 more—less。从上下文逻辑和意义判断
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