大学英语四级阅读 2

大学英语四级阅读-2

(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、{{B}}强化训练一{{B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)


{{B}} How to Get a Great Idea{{B}}
The guests had arrived, and the wine was warm. Once again, I'd forgotten to refrigerate it. Don't
worry, a friend said, I can chill it for you fight away.
Five minutes later she emerged from the kitchen with the wine perfectly cooled. Asked to reveal
her secret, she said, Easy. I poured the wine in a plastic bag and then dipped it in ice water.
After a few minutes the wine was cold. The hard part was getting it back into bottle. I couldn't
find a funnel (漏斗), so I made a cone with wax paper.
My guests applauded. How wonderful if we could all be that clever, one remarked.
A decade of research has convinced me we can. What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso
or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging
creative impulses and then acting upon them. Most of us seldom achieve our creative potential.
I think I know why, and I can help unlock the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us.
One puzzle I've watched students deal with is retrieving a Ping-Pong ball that has fallen to the
bottom of a sealed, vertical drainpipe. The tools that they can use are either too short to reach
the ball or too wide to fit into the pipe, which is also too narrow to reach into by hand. At
last some students make the connection: drainpipe= water=floating. They pour water down the hole,
and the ball floats to the top.
This and many other experiments suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity in all of us. Here
are the best techniques.

Capture the fleeting.
A good idea is like a rabbit. It runs by so fast that sometimes you see
only its ears or tail. To capture it, you must be ready. Creative people are always ready to act,
and that may ha the only difference between us and them.
Poet Amy Lowell wrote of the urgency with which she captured new ideas, Whatever 1 am doing,
I lay it aside and attend to the arriving poem, she wrote. Like many other writers, Lowell sought
paper and pencil when she saw a good idea coming. I enter new ideas into a pocket computer.
Anything--even a napkin--win do.
In a letter to a friend in 1821, Ludwig van Beethoven talked about how he thought of a beautiful
tune while dozing in carriage. But scarcely did I awake when away flew the tune, he wrote, and
I could not recall any part of it.' Fortunately--for Beethoven and for us--the next day in the
same carriage, the tune came back to him, and this time he captured it in writing.
When a good idea comes your way, write it down--on your arm if necessary. Not every idea will
have value, of course. The point is to capture first and evaluate them later.

Daydream.
Surrealist Dali used to lie on a sofa, holding a spoon. Just as he began to fall asleep.
Dali would drop the spoon onto a plate on the floor. The sound shocked him awake, and he would
immediately sketch the images he had seen in his mind in that fertile world of semi-sleep.
Everyone experiences this strange state, and everyone can take advantage of it. Try Dali's trick,
or just allow yourself to daydream. For many, the hree b's--bed, bath and bus--are productive.

There, and anywhere else you can be with your thoughts undisturbed, you'll find that ideas emerging
freely.

Seek challenges.
When you're stuck behind a locked door, every behavior that's ever gotten you
free turns up quickly: you may push or pull on the knob, bang the door--even shout for help.
Scientists call the rehappening of old behaviors in a challenging situation resurgence. The more
likely
more the and interconnections, possible of number the greater the reappear, that behaviors
that new ideas will occur.
Try inviting friends and business associations from different areas of your life to a party. Bring
people of two or three generations together. This will get you thinking in new ways.
Edwin Land, one of America's most prolific inventors, said that the idea that led to his invention
of the Polaroid camera came from his three-year-old daughter. On a visit to Santa Fe in 1943,
she asked why she couldn't see the picture he had just taken. During the next hour, as Land walked
around Santa Fe, all he had learned about chemistry came together, with amazing results. Said
Land, The camera and the film became clear to me. In my mind they were so real that I spent several
hours describing them.
Put new and crazy items--like kid's toys--on your desk. Turn pictures upside down or sideways.
The more detersive the stimulations we receive, the more rapidly the mind produces new ideas.

Expand your world.
Many discoveries in sciences, engineering and the arts mix ideas from different
fields. Consider The Two-String Problem. Two widely separated strings hang from a ceiling. Even
though you can't reach both at once, is it possible to tie their ends together, using only a pair
of pliers?
One college student found the solution almost immediately. He tied the pliers to one string and
set it in motion like a pendulum (钟摆). As it swung back and forth, he walked quickly to the
other string and drew it as far forward as it would reach. Then he caught the swinging string
when it passed near him and tied the two ends.
Asked how he had solved the problem, the student explained he had just come from a physics class
on pendulum motion. What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely different one.
This principle works outside the lab as well. To enhance your creativity, learn something new.
If you're a banker, take up tap dancing. If you're a nurse, try a course in mythology. Read a
book on a subject you know little about. Change your daily newspaper. The new will interconnect
with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways. Becoming more creative is really just
a matter of paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture
and act upon the new that's within you.
（分数：10.00）
(1).The author believes that those who have creative capacity are usually great figures.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）
解析：由题干中的关键词creative capacity定位到文章第四段第二句：What separates the average person
from Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that
capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them，作者认为普通人也有创造力，与题目意
思不同。 由此得出题目说法错误。
(2).The example of the students getting the Ping-Pong ball proves that students are more creative
than average people.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）

解析：由题干中的关键词Ping-Pong ball定位到文章第五段，再根据第六段首句 This and many other
experiments suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity in all of us可知，作者认为人们同样有创造力，
与题目意思不同，由此得出题目说法错误。
(3).The examples of Amy Lowell and Beethoven tell us that we should write down a good idea
immediately as it may easily disappear.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：由题于中的关键词Amy Lowell和Beethoven定位到第一个小标题的末段： When s good idea comes
your way，write it down--on your arm if necessary． Not every idea will have value，of course．The
point is to capture first and evaluate them later。题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。
(4).Daydreaming can be a good way of realizing one's creative potential.（分数：1.00）
）Y（正确答案：1:__________________ 填空项．
解析：由题干中的关键词daydreaming定位到第二个小标题第二段首尾两句： Everyone experiences this
strange state，and everyone can take advantage of it．．． There，and anywhere else you can be
with your thoughts undisturbed，you'll find that ideas emerging freely，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题
目说法正确。
(5).People facing challenges are unlikely to achieve creative ideas.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）
解析：由题于中的关键词people facing challenges定位到第三个小标题末段末句： The more detersive
the stimulations we receive，the more rapidly the mind produces new ideas，题目认为面对挑战的人不可能产
生创造性的想法，与原文不同，由此得出题目说法错误。
(6).Salvador Dali is a famous surrealist painter, whose works are highly controversial from the
modernism or even post-modernism perspective.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：NG）
解析：由题干中的关键词Dali定位到第二个小标题首段，但题目巾的内容在文章中并未提及。
(7).To enhance creativity, people should always learn something new.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：由题干中的关键词enhance their creativity定位到文章末段第二句：To enhance your creativity,
learn something new，与题目意思相同，由此得出题目说法正确。
(8).The success of Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare lies on their ability to rather than mere
creative capacity.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：encourage creative impulses and then (to) act upon them）
解析：由题干中的关键词Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare定位到文章第四段第二句：What separates
the average person from Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the
ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them，由此得出答案。
(9).The author believes that many discoveries in science, engineering and the arts mix ideas from
______.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：different fields）
解析：由题干中的关键词discoveries in science，engineering and the arts定位到第四个小标题下面首段首句：
Many discoveries in sciences，engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields，由此得出答案。
(10).Learn to be more creative is just a matter of focusing on the endless flow of ideas you produce,
and learning to ______ the new that's within you.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：capture and act upon）
解析：由题干中的关键词be more creative定位到文章尾句：Becoming more creative is really just a
matter of paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce，and learning to capture

and act upon the new that's within you，由此得出答案。

二、{{B}}强化训练二{{B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)


{{B}} A Cooler Planet{{B}}
Scientists are cooking up solutions based on current technology that they say they could
dramatically turn down the heat of global warming over the next 50 years.
Innovations such as cheaper wind power, gas-electric hybrid and gas cards that generate funds
for climate-change projects already are available. Introducing them across the nation could put
a dent in the growth of greenhouse gases that are warming the planet, scientists say.
The concentration of carbon dioxide--a potent greenhouse gas--is likely to double before the end
of the century, the United States says. Scientists say further warming is inevitable as greenhouse
gas emissions climb but that the worse effects can still be avoided.
The question now is not 'whether to adapt?' but 'how to adapt?' says a 2004 U.N. report on climate
change.
The solutions, says experts, must come from action by politicians, business people, scientists
and individuals. Over the next century, power could be derived from sources that release less
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere such as nuclear fusion, hydrogen fuel cells and more efficient
combustion engines(内燃机).
{{B}}Scientists: Technology already exists{{B}}
Technology is a crucial component to meeting the challenge of global warming, say climate
researchers and policy experts.
You need technology; says Elliot Diringer, international strategies director with the Pew Center
on Global Climate Change. There's no question about that. The question is, 'What is the most
efficient way to not only generate the technology but get it deployed.'
The intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a U.N. body issuing regular assessments on the
climate, says innovation has advanced faster than expected. It estimates technological
improvements could reduce greenhouse gas emissions below 2,000 levels within 20 years and avert
even more risky levels of such concentrations.
The IPCC has estimated that technological improvements could sometime between 2010 and 2020 reduce
greenhouse gas emissions to levels below those in the year 2000.
We need to move as fast as we can, Diringer says. The longer we wait to take concerted action,
the greater the impact will be... the more it will cost to achieve the reduction.
Technology with the greatest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions already exists, says
Princeton University scientists Stephen Pacala and Robert Socolow in a 2004 study published in
the journal Science.
Improving efficiency and conservations could reduce billions of tons in atmospheric emissions
of greenhouse gases each year. Improvements such as efficient engineering, better gas mileage(英里里程) and
new fuel sources for vehicle and power plants have the potential to halt growth of
emissions by around 2050, according to the study.
It is important not to become diverted by the possibility of revolutionary technology, the
Princeton authors write in Science. Humanity can solve the carbon and climate problem in the
first half of this century simply by increasing we already know how to do.
The scientists picked seven actions that they say could make the climate stable by 2054. They
focused on technology already in place that simply needs to be expanded-- a lot.

Cars are an easy target. Each gallon (加仑) of gas burned gives off about 20 pounds of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. That's a lot of
carbon for the 2 billion cars that may be on the road in 2054, nearly four times the number today,
the authors report.
The Science article suggests that doubling the average fuel efficiency of cars from 30 miles per
gallon today to 60, switching to wind- generated hydrogen fuels or halving the annual number of
miles traveled per car to 5,000 could reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The savings would provide
one-seventh of the total cuts needed to make U.S. emissions stable, the article states.
In addition, scientists are watching plenty of other technologies being developed to make
emissions stable.
{{B}}Carbon storage{{B}}
Burying carbon dioxide allows fossil fuel companies to continue pumping oil while reducing
greenhouse emissions. The United Nations estimates by 2050 it should be possible to store half
of the increasing global emissions in underground reservoirs (水库) at reasonable prices.
The U.S. government already has started a test project at a West Virginia coal power plant. The
energy company BP sends 1 million tons of carbon dioxide each year beneath the sands of Sahara
desert at one of its facilities in Algeria.
These carbon-reducing projects send millions of tons of carbon dioxide gas into underground
geologic formations such as gas beds now filled with water, natural gas or oil.
The risks of such techniques include leakage of carbon dioxide from underground reservoirs that
may endanger human life and environment. Scientists are studying techniques to find which rock
formations permanently store gases such as carbon dioxide.
{{B}}Renewable energy{{B}}
Renewable power is a major facet of reducing global warming emissions, according to the United
Nations.
Because most renewable energy sources--wind, ocean tides, solar, biomass fuel-- emit less carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere than they absorb, they do not add to climate change. The share of
renewable in the world energy supply accounts for at least 14 percent of the total, the United
Nations estimates.
The price of these renewable fuels and technology is plummeting as demand grows and hardware
improves. Green tariffs, already introduced in some European countries, guarantee premium
prices for energy derived from renewable sources.
States such as New York and California also require utilities to generate a fraction of their
energy supply from renewable.
{{B}}Trading carbon{{B}}
Carbon emissions trading is designed to make global warming prevention affordable, according to
the U.N. Convention on Climate Change.
Under the Kyoto Agreement, participating countries agree to emit a certain amount of carbon. If
a country cannot afford to meet its carbon emissions limit, it can buy credits from a country
that has produced less than its allotted amount.
Although critics say there are significant problems under the Kyoto system, the United Nations
says emissions trading allows countries gradually to eliminate carbon dioxide while preventing
some economic hardships of reducing emissions growth.
{{B}}Corporate action{{B}}

Companies also an: devising ways for business and individuals to offset greenhouse emissions.
Oregon-based Climate Neutral Network says it soon will offer air travelers access to Cool Class
air travel in which a portion of airline fares, negotiated through contracts with different
companies, are invested in ways to reduce greenhouse emissions.
（分数：10.00）
(1).Scientists have found various kinds of methods to solve the problem of global warming.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：题干中的关键词solve the problem of global warming(解决全球变暖问题)，是对全文五个方面的归纳概括，
所以题目说法正确。
(2).We are not able to prevent the bad effects of the global warming.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）
解析：由题干中的关键词bad effect定位到文章第三段末句：Scientists say further warming is
inevitable as greenhouse gas emissions climb but that the worse effects can still be avoided。原文意为：
“科学家们认为由于温室气体排放量增加，全球进一步 变暖不可避免，但可以避免更坏的影响”。这与题干中“我们不
可能避免全球变暖的负面影响”不符．由 此得出题目说法错误，
(3).Politicians, business people as well as scientists and individuals should join together to
seek solutions to climate change.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：由题干中的关键词solutions定位到文章第五段首句：The solutions，says experts，must come from
action by politicians，business people，scientists and individuals，题目是原文的同义替换，题目说法正确。
(4).It is still in question how to make use of the already existed technology efficiently.（分 ）1.00数：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：由题干中的关键词make use of the technology(利用技术)定位到小标题Scientists：Technology
already exists下的第二段末句：The question is，'What is the most efficient way to not only generate
the technology but get it deployed，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。
(5).The cost to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions is in proportion to the time spent before
we take an action.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：由题干中的关键词cost(花费)和time(时间)定位到小标题Sc ientists：Techno- logy already exists下的第
五段：The longer we wait to take conceded action，the greater the impact will be…the more
it will cost to achieve the reduction，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。
(6).The Environmental Protection Agency states that the number of cars on the road in 2054 is
likely to rise three times compared with today's number.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）
解析：由题干中的关键词2054定位到小标题Scientists：Technology already exists下的倒数第三段末句：That's a
lot of carbon for the 2 billion cars that may be on the road in 2054，nearly four
times the number today，the authors report。题目中的“三倍”与原文的“四倍”不符，由此得出题目说法错误。
(7).The U.S. government has already started a plant in Algeria dealing with the burying of carbon
dioxide under the Sahara desert.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：NG）
解析：由题干中的关键词U.S，government，Algeria，Sahara desert定位到小标题 Carbon storage下的内容，原文
中并未提及在阿尔及利亚开设工厂。
(8).__________ and _____________ are in potential danger due to the possible risks in the burying
of carbon dioxide.（分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Human life，the environment）
解析：由题干中的关键词potential danger，burying of carbon dioxide定位到小标题 Carbon storage下面的末段
首句：The risks of such techniques include leakage of carbon dioxide from underground
reservoirs that may endanger human life and environment，由此得出答案。
(9).According to the United Nations about ________________ of the total world energy supply goes
to the renewable energy.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：14 percent）
解析：由题干中的关键词die United Nations，renewable energy定位到小标题 Renewable energy下面第二段末句：
The share of renewable in the world energy supply accounts for at least 14 percent
of the total，the United Nations estimates，由此得出答案。
(10).Carbon emissions trading can reduce the cost of ____________.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：global warming prevention）
解析：由题干中的关键词carbon emissions trading定位到小标题Trading carbon下的首段：Carbon
emissions trading is designed to make global warming prevention affordable, according to the
UN．Convention on Climate Change，由此得出答案。

三、{{B}}强化训练三{{B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)


{{B}} Types of Climate{{B}}
Climate is the combination of temperature, moisture, wind, and sunshine at a place over a period
of many years. Weather is made up of atmospheric conditions during a few hours or days. The weather
may be rainy on a certain day. But that place may usually have a warm, dry, sunny climate. We
learn about the climate of a place by studying its temperature, moisture, wind, and sunshine from
season to season and year to year.
Temperature and the amount of rainfall are the two most important elements of climate. Others
are humidity (air moisture), cloudiness, fog, sunshine, wind, storms, and air pressure.
There are many different types of climate on earth. Climates of the world can be classified
according to their latitudes and the plants that grow there. Different kinds of plants need
different amounts of heat and moisture for growth. The vegetation of a region tells us about
temperature and rainfall conditions over a long period of time.
{{B}}Tropical Climates{{B}}
Tropical climates are found in regions between 35N and 35S latitude. In the tropical rain forest
(nearest the equator) conditions are warm and rainy all year long, and there is a thick cover
of trees. Places farther north and south of the equator have a tropical wet-and-dry climate. There
the forests are not so dense, and many trees lose their leaves in the dry season. Along 23.5N
and 23.5S latitude there are vast regions of tropical desert climate, where very little vegetation
can grow.
{{B}}Subtropical Climates{{B}}
Subtropical climates are usually found between 30 and 40 North and South latitudes. The subtropical
western coasts of the continents have a Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot and dry; winters
are mild and wet. On the subtropical eastern coasts of continents the climate is humid subtropical.
Summers are hot, and winters are mild. There is enough rainfall in all seasons for forests.
{{B}}Mid-latitude Climate{{B}}
Mid- latitude climates occur between 40 and 60 NS latitudes. Strong westerly winds blow in the
mid-latitudes. The climate of the west coast of North America is mild and rainy most of the year.

It helps the growth of fine timber forests. Some places in the mid-latitudes do not receive moisture
because of mountain barriers or their great distances from the oceans. Humid continental climates
cover large mid- latitude area in eastern parts of the continents. They are forest climates with
cold winters and warm summers. Most of the rainfall comes in the summer.
{{B}}High-latitude Climates{{B}}
High-latitude climates occur from 60 to the poles, North and South. In the high latitudes it is
very cold in winter and cool in summer. The short summers are warm enough for forests of evergreen
trees. Greenland and Antarctica have a polar climate, where great ice caps exist because of
year-round freezing.
{{B}}High-altitude Climates{{B}}
Highland climates are cooler than the surrounding lowlands because of the effects of altitude.
Highland climates are found on the high mountains of the world, even on the equator. In the tropics
and mid-latitudes different kinds of vegetation grow in zones up the slopes of mountains to the
permanent snowfields.
{{B}}The Causes of Different Climates{{B}}
The differences in the climate from place to place are caused by climate controls. The major climate
controls are latitude, altitude, land and water bodies, ocean currents, and storm centers.
Latitudes make climates colder toward the north and south poles (high latitudes) than at the
tropics near the equator (low altitudes). Low-latitude regions remain warm throughout the year.
At higher latitudes there are greater differences between winter and summer temperatures.
Altitude affects climate by lowering temperatures as the height above sea level increases. At
high altitudes the air is less dense and does not absorb and hold as much heat. On the average,
the temperature drops about 2 degrees Celsius for each 300 meters of altitude (about 3.5 degrees
Fahrenheit for each 1,000 feet). Thus snow can remain on mountainlike Fujiyama when nearby lowlands
are warm.
Land and water bodies influence climate. Land warms up rapidly in summer and cools off rapidly
in winter. But large bodies of water change temperature slowly, with the seasons. Mid-continental
places in middle and high latitudes have a continental climate. Summers are warm and winter cold.
Island and seacoasts usually have milder winters and cooler summers because of the water surfaces
nearby.
Ocean currents affect climate in many parts of the world. Some currents carry warm water to cool
regions; others carry cool water to warm regions. The Labrador Current is cold. The Gulf Stream
is a warm ocean current. It carries warm water from the tropical Atlantic toward the coasts of
northwestern Europe. As a result, winters in the British Isles and in Westam Europe are warmer
than other regions in the same latitudes.
Winds carry heat and moisture and therefore affect climate. Winds that come from lands in high
latitudes are cold and dry. Some winds change direction with the seasons. In southern Asia winds
called monsoons are dry and cool in the winter, when they blow from the land. In the summer they
blow from the ocean and produce heavy rainfall.
{{B}}Climate and the Water Cycle{{B}}
Water enters the atmosphere by evaporation from land and water surfaces. Winds carry water vapor
and clouds to other areas. There the moisture is returned to the earth in the form of rain or
snow. Much of the water falls on land and runs off to the sea in rivers. But some moisture enters
soil. It helps growing plants or builds up the groundwater supply. The constant movement of water

from land to sea to air and back again is called the water cycle. The amount of water available
for farming, industry, and many other uses differs from one climate to another. People try to
overcome these differences by using water resources wisely. The water cycle can be controlled
in part for a short time by storing water in reservoirs, irrigating land, draining wetlands, or
pumping water from wells.
{{B}}Climate and People{{B}}
Climate influences people's comfort, well- being, and activities in many ways. Most people do not
work as well in a hot, moist climate as in a cooler, drier climate. Extremely high or low
temperatures are uncomfortable. Certain diseases are more common in some climates than in others.
It is difficult to determine what is the best or ideal climate for human beings. People differ
in their reactions to climate because of their individual characteristics and attitudes.
The amount and kind of clothing people wear is determined partly by climate. Clothing for cold
climates gives protection against wind and cold. Less clothing is needed in warm climates. There
are many types of special clothing for wind, cold, sun, rain, and snow.
People build houses mainly for shelter from the climatic elements. Carefully planned houses take
advantage of sunlight, wind direction, and other factors to obtain a maximum of comfort as well
as protection. The amount of heating or air-conditioning needed in a building depends upon the
construction of the building as well as the outside climate. Many modem inventions have made it
possible for people to live comfortably in any kind of climate.
Climate affects the food supply by setting limits for profitable production of crops and animals.
Climate influences cattle raising and forestry because it determines where grasslands and forests
will grow. Winds, clouds, and storms have to be considered in travel by land, sea, or air and
even in the launching of satellite. Most industries take special attention to protect their
products against weather and climate during manufacture, storage, and shipment.
（分数：10.00）
(1).Climate is the combination of temperature, moisture, wind and sunshine at a place over a
certain period of a year.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）
解析：由题干中的关键词climate定位到文章首段首句：Climate is the combination of temperature，moisture，
wind，and sunshine at a place over a period of many years．题目中的a year与原文的many years不符，由此
得出题目说法错误。
(2).Weather refers to atmospheric conditions during a few hours or days.（分数：1.00）
）Y（正确答案：1:__________________ 填空项．
解析：由题于中的关键词weather定位到文章首段第二句：Weather is made up of atmospheric conditions
during a few hours or days，题目用refer to同义替换了原文中的is made up of，由此得出题目说法正确。
(3).There are dense forests all over the tropical regions.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）
解析：由题干中的关键词tropical定位到小标题Tropical Climates下面第四句：There the forests are
not so dense，and many trees lose their leaves in the dry season，题目与此相反，由此得出题目说法错误。
(4).Mediterranean climate is characterized by its hot summers and mild winters.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：由题干中的关键词Mediterranean定位到小标题Subtropical Climates下面第二、三句：The
subtropical western coasts of the continents have a Mediterranean climate，Summers are hot and
dry；winters are mild and wet，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。

(5).Highland climates could be found all over the world except on the equator.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）
解析：由题干中的关键词highland climates定位到小标题High- altitude Climates下面第二句：Highland
climates are found on the high mountains of the world， even on the equator，题目认为赤道上没有高原气候，
与原文相反，由此得出题目说法错误。
(6).Nowadays people are working on designs of new buildings that are climate- friendly.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：NG）
解析：题干中的关键词new buildings，climate- friendly在文章中无法定位，题目说法在原文中未提及。
(7).The water cycle refers to the constant movement of water from land to sea to air and back
again.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：由题干中的关键词water cycle定位到小标题Climate and the Water Cycle下面的第七句：The
constant movement of water from land to sea to air and back again is called the water cycle，题目是原文
的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。
(8).Besides temperature and the amount of rainfall, elements such as and air pressure are also
very important in the making of climate.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：humidity, cloudiness，fog，sunshine，wind，storms）
解析：由题干中的关键词temperature，rainfall，making of climate定位到文章第二段： Temperature
and the amount of rainfall are the two most important elements of climate．Others are humidity
(air moisture)，cloudiness，fog，sunshine，wind， storms，and air pressure，由此得出答案。
(9).Greenland and Antarctica have a polar climate, where exist because of year-round freezing.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：great ice caps）
解析：由题干中的关键词Greenland and Antarctica定位到小标题High- latitude Climates下面的末句：Greenland and
Antarctica have a polar climate，where great ice caps exist because of year-round
freezing，由此得出答案。
(10).Through ___________ for profitable production of crops and animals, climate can also affect
the food supply.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：setting limits）
解析：由题干中的关键词food supply定位到文章末段首句：Climate affects the food supply by setting
limits for profitable production of crops and animals，由此得出答案。

四、{{B}}强化训练四{{B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)


{{B}} The Interaction of Body and Mind{{B}}
{{B}}The concept of psychosomatic illness{{B}}
Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosomatic illness is the occurrence of bodily
symptoms(症状) which are psychological or emotional in origin.
Mind and body are not separate; one affects and is affected by the other. Who has not experienced
some physical manifestation of emotional stress? Such experiences as a headache after a quarrel
and urinary frequency or diarrhea before an examination are not uncommon, and for most people
they are of a temporary nature. The symptoms disappear and are forgotten after the crisis has
passed. No treatment may be needed, or the patient may use simple remedies to relieve the discomfort.
One person may find that a leisurely walk is the best cure for a headache; another may take aspirin.
Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness: pepticulcer,
eczema, colitis, and asthma. Personality profiles have been developed to describe the typical

characteristics of persons who develop such illness. Another point of view is that human beings
are more complex and varied in their responses than such profiles would indicate, and that the
type of illness a patient develops in relation to stress varies with many additional factors,
such as heredity and environment. Much remains to be learned about the relationship between stress
and physical illness.
Physical symptoms, such as palpitation, sweating, or disturbance of sleep, which reflect anxiety,
may occur over a prolonged period. The symptoms may seem mysterious and threatening, because the
patient is unaware of their cause. The patient whose heart beats more rapidly and forcefully as
a manifestation of anxiety may report this symptom to his doctor, believing that something is
wrong with his heart. Often the patient is not aware that he is anxious. He knows only that his
heart keeps pounding for no apparent reason.
Almost any symptom can have its origin in emotional stress. Some patients almost invariably have
the same stress when they become anxious. One may have diarrhea, another asthma, and a third may
develop hives or eczema. Some people develop two or several different symptoms; often the symptoms
are experienced in an alternating fashion.
The development of bodily symptoms is only one manifestation of anxiety. It may show up also
symptoms that are primarily mental, such as the inability to concentrate or to remember. Such
symptom too, vary in degree. Many people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or
depression. When such symptoms are severe or long- lasting, they interfere with the functioning
of individual in daily life and with his relationship with others.
Sometimes a person subconsciously develops an illness as a way of handling a desperate need, such
as the need for affection. The only real cure is to satisfy the primary desire. An example is
a woman who has pain in her heart, not because of organic heart disease, but because the symptom
is a way of gaining, if only temporarily, the love and attention for which she longs. Her husband
cannot leave her when she is so sick; her children are concerned. Her pain is just as severe as
if it had a physical cause.
{{B}}The reality of psychosomatic illness{{B}}
Is the patient with psychosomatic illness really sick, or does he merely imagine he is sick? Many
people, including the families of patients and members of the health professions, believe that
physical illness which is influenced by emotional stress is less real, or wholly imaginary.
Acknowledging the reality of the patients' illness is important; it is the first step in helping
him.
Patients with psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected. The same staff who give excellent
care to other patients, not uncommonly ignore them. Some possible reasons may include the use
of the term psycho as a prefix. Perhaps this conveys the idea that such patients are mentally
iii, and therefore have no physical illness. Perhaps they are considered weaklings. One hears
comments like, He could snap out(克服) of it if he wanted to. Prejudice against these patients
may be due to a belief that they are pretending illness in an attempt to get attention or favors.
A patient with psychosomatic illness may be confused with a malingerer, one who deliberately
pretends illness in order to achieve secondary gain, such as financial compensation or excuse
from work. Pretending illness is considered an unhealthy and unsatisfactory solution to the
problems of life. Often it adds to the patient's difficulties, as he makes elaborate attempts
to avoid detection. A malingerer can be helped sometimes to find ways of coping with difficulties.
The essential difference between psychosomatic illness and malingering is that the malingerer

pretends symptoms. It is a conscious process and he is aware that he is pretending to be sick.
The patient with psychosomatic illness develops symptoms as manifestation of largely unconscious
psychic conflicts. The symptoms are real.
Condemnation(责难) of the patient with psychosomatic illness can persist despite intellectual
understanding of theories about its cause. The patient can sense immediately whether those who
care for him are trying to help him or not. It is important to understand that:
·The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick. He is not pretending or imagining his
symptoms.
·The idea that he can snap out of it at will is no more true than it is of those with diseases
like pneumonia, whose need for care is readily acknowledged.
（分数：10.00）
(1).The symptoms of some people with psychosomatic illness are experienced in an alternating
fashion.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：由题干中的关键词alternating fashion定位到第一个小标题下面第五段末句： Some people develop
two or several different symptoms；often the symptoms are experienced in an alternating fashion，题目是
原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。
(2).Moodiness and depression are symptoms that don't last long.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）
解析：由题干中的关键词moodiness and depression定位到第一个小标题下面倒数第二段最后两句：Many
people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or depression．When such symptoms are
severe or long-lasting，they interfere with the functioning of individual in daily life and with
his relationship with others，原文指出这些症状可能long- lasting，题目却说don't last long。题目与原文相反，
由此得出题目说法错误。
(3).Psychosomatic sick people will stop cheating when they sense that those who care for them
are belittling them.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）
解析：由题干中的关键词psychosomatic sick people，cheating定位到第二个小标题，根据文章倒数第二句：The patient
with psychosomatic illness is really sick．He is not pretending or imagining
his symptoms，可 知心身病的患者并没有装病，题目中的cheating与原文意思相反，由此得出题日说法错误。
(4).People with psychosomatic illness tend to be given less care than they deserve.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：由题干中的关键词people with psychosomatic illness定位到第二个小标题下面第二段首句：Patients with
psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected，题目呈原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。
(5).Malingerers are those who pretend to be iii for some other purposes.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Y）
解析：由题干中的关键词malingerers定位到文章倒数第二段第一句：A patient with pschosomatic
illness may be confused with a malingerer，one who deliberately pretends illness in order to achieve
secondary gain，such as financial compensation or excuse from work，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说
法正确。
(6).The symptoms of people with psychosomatic illness are primarily mental.（分数：1.00）
）N（正确答案：1:__________________ 填空项．
解析：由题干中的关键词primarily mental定位到文章倒数第二句：The patient with psychosomatic
illness is really sick．He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms，题目表述与原文正好相反，由此得出

题目说法错误。
(7).Today more and more people are suffering from psychosomatic illness.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：NG）
解析：由题干中的关键词today more and more people在文中无法定位，原文未提及得病人数的变化．由此得出答案
为NG。
(8).Such conditions as ___________ have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness.（分数：
1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：pepticulcer, eczema，colitis，and asthma）
解析：由题干中的关键词conditions，have been considered，classic examples of psychosomatic illness定位到
第一个小标题下面第三段首句：Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of
psychosomatic illness：pepticulcer, eczema，colitis，and asthma，由此得出答案。
(9).Psychosomatic symptoms may be primarily mental, such as the inability ______.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：to concentrate or to remember）
解析：由题干中的关键词symptoms，primarily mental，inabilities定位到第一个小标题下面倒数第二段第二句：It
may show up also symptoms that are primarily mental，such as the inability to
concentrate or to remember，由此得出答案。
(10).The first and the most important step in helping the psychosomatic patients is to ______.（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：acknowledge the reality or the patients' illness）
解析：由题干中的关键词first，most important step，helping定位到第二个小标题下面首段末句：Acknowledging the
reality of the patients' illness is imaportant；it is the first step in helping
him，由此得出答案。