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大学英语四级复习资料·整理版-英语4级复习

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2020-10-29 10:04
tags:大学英语四级考试时间

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2020年10月29日发(作者:祁韵土)


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大学英语四级
复习资料

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目 录

第一部分.听力部分…………………………………………………………2

第二部分. 最新英语四级高频词汇………………………………………23

第三部分.四级阅读笔记……………………………………………………31

第四部分.完形填空做题技巧………………………………………………36

第五部分.翻译经典练习……………………………………………………38
.
第六部分.写作七类精彩句型………………………………………………40

第七部分.写作必备模板和句型……………………………………………42

第八部分.综合技能训练……………………………………………………45

第九部分.作文训练…………………………………………………………73

第十部分.英语谚语警句……………………………………………………85

资料说明:本复习资料非教材用书。复习资料主要收集了四级听力、阅读、词
汇、作文等一些英语四 级相关的技巧、方法和内容,主要提供给有需要考四级
的同学自己复习所用。






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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级

第一部分.听力部分

一、听力内容
1.Section A 对话
短对话 (5分02秒) 8个对话: 4分12秒
长对话 (5分58秒)
Conversation 1 (4 questions): 对话内容(1分45秒)+ 问题(1分25秒)
Conversation 2 (3 questions): 对话内容(1分45秒)+ 问题(1分02秒)

2.Section B 短文(10分05秒)
Directions: 35秒
Passage 1 (3 questions): 文章内容(1分25秒)+ 问题(1分10秒)
Passage 2 (3 questions): 文章内容(2分25秒)+ 问题(1分10秒)
Passage 3 (4 questions): 文章内容(1分45秒)+ 问题(1分55秒)

3.Section C 复合式听写 (11分20秒)
Directions: 45秒
第一遍: 2分10秒
第二遍:第一句停顿:1分05秒
第二句停顿:1分35秒
第三句停顿:1分15秒
第三遍:2分10秒
(以上时间根据文章内容会有所变化)

二、听力技巧
四级听力一直困扰 着我们每一位考生,听不懂磁带中的内容是什么,不知道该如何选择,
而听力在英语四级考试中又占很大 一部分比重,掌握好英语四级听力技巧才能快速提高英语
成绩,以下总结出几点有关英语四级听力技巧。

听力技巧一:学会取舍,理解内容
听力考试中最忌讳的就是词词计较,力求听懂所 有词。其实,听懂所有词首先没必要,
其次也不可能。我们在日常生活中听中文时,无论听什么,注意力 都不会在每一个字或词上
面,而是对文段或对话内容的整体的理解上。何况我们听的是英文,在英文句子 中,对不同
的词本身就有弱读和重读。

听力技巧二:扫视材料,预测内容
当广播中朗读听力要求时,我们要充分利用这个时间,迅速扫视书面文字中的题干及选
项,通过扫视联 系上下文,有根据地预测文段发生的时间、场所、人物,并预测出谈话的大
致内容。并且,在扫视中我们 对提出的问题尤其要注意。这样做的结果是听录音时我们可以
有的放矢,做到有备而来,心中有数。

听力技巧三:注重首句,抓住主旨
在听长文段时,由于信息多,而且听力不同于阅 读,朗读速度非常快,需要我们快速做
出反应,所以在听的时候就更应当注意主旨大意。在阅读中我们知 道作者一般会在首句或首
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段道出文段的中心大意、或对所阐述内容进行概括,有些作者也会在结尾时再一次点题 。文
段中间部分主要是细节,或是作者为了证实自己的观点,进一步举出例证,这一部分基本上
是事实或是细节。了解了这个特点后,我们在听录音材料时就可以有目的地听。如果为了解
答主旨问题就 要着眼于首句,如果为了回答细节问题就要注意中间部分。

听力技巧四:简单记录,便于辨认
长文段听力中细节很多,所以只靠脑子记忆确实有困难。我 们在做长文段听力时可以做
一些简单的记录。这种记录要非常简练,要记重要环节。如文中提及的人物、 事件、时间、
地点、原因、方式、程度、数字、选择等信息都非常重要。笔记要提纲挈领,达到帮助记忆 、
推断和答题的目的即可。记录的方法多种多样。可以使用符号、画图、缩写形式等,只要自
己 能辨认就可以了。

听力技巧五:连贯记忆,准确推理
听录音时,既要不断输入、 理解、存贮信息,又要不打断听的过程;既要集中精力听,
又要用心记;紧扣话题,把握说话者的思路, 捕捉信号词,连贯记忆主要信息。听完试题后,
要前后联系,利用后面听到的信息补充前面漏听的或有疑 问的信息,并对听前、听中的预测
和判断加以推理、分析、修正,以使理解的准确性更高。最后提醒大家 ,在做听力考试试题
时,要消除紧张情绪,集中注意力。听力考试对我们不仅仅是听的能力的考查,同时 是对我
们心理素质的测验。所以在做听力题前要放松自己的情绪,以愉快轻松的状态应对考试。只
要我们加强训练,训练得法,掌握一些必要的应试技巧就能够在高考听力中取得高分。

三、短对话
考查方式:一共8个短对话,每个对话一个问题。2个长对话,共7个问题。每个 对话念一
遍,结束之后提出问题。

1.But 题型
形式:A:……
B:……,but …….
重点听第二个说话人B说话,but 后面所说的话为重点,出题点往往在but后面。四级听力
题中,But 后面的为重点的占95%,之前的为重点的占5%。

2. 场景题
(1) 每一类场景,常考出题思路——用于解题
(2) 线索词
场景题提问方式:
(1) what (过去,现在,将来)
(2) Where is the conversation taking place? Where does the conversation take
place?
(3) When is the conversation taking place?
(4) Who——>where (location) 问人是谁,可以从他所在的地方来判断。
各类场景(把各类场景容易出现的词给记住,选选项时往常考思路上靠)

3.重复反问题型
形式:A:……
B:……(形容词,重复A部分的话),…….
Q:……
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
直接把B所说的形容词加深程度的选项为正确选项。
例1:A:It’s a little bit warm out today.
B: Warm. You could fry an egg on the sidewalk.
正确选项应是强调warm的。
例2:A: Mary sees happy with her grades.
B: Happy. She could hardly contain herself.她简直乐翻了。
正确选项应该是强调happy的。

4.态度方向题 Yes No?
A:讲述一个ideaopinion(一般疑问句)。
B:YesNo,……(阐述理由)。
选项特点: 有两个两两相反的选项(另外提醒一下, 在听力题四个选项中,如果有其中两个
选项说的内容刚好是相反的,那么正确答案必定为其中一个)。

5.建议题
A:……trouble……(讲述一个trouble)
B1: Advice.
B2: Don’t worry. Calm down. Take it easy.
B: 先安慰,后给advice.

表示建议的表达方式
You should…. shouldn’t….
You ought to….
Why not… why don’t…?
If I were you, I would….
How about doing… What about doing…?
It’s (abouthigh) time that …(用过去时)。

虚拟语气:
1)might have, could have, should have本应该
2)表与现在相反If I were you, I would …=You should….

语气词
1)表示糟糕的语气
It’s too bad. It’s tough. Oh, no. What a pity. Tough luck. Uh-oh.小麻

2)表示惊讶的语气
Boy. Oh, boy. Oh, mine. My God. My Goodness. WOW! 非常惊讶
3)表示赞美的语气
Wonderful. Terrific. My favorite. = My fav.我的最爱。 Cool. Super cool. 酷
呆了。Ultra cool.酷毙了。
4)表示肯定的语气
Yeah. = Yes. You bet. Uh-huh. And… I’ll say. You said it. You can say
that again. And how. Isn’t it (though). Aren’t they (though).
5)表示否定的语气
nope.(升调)=no. But. Are you kidding? Are you joking? Are you serious? No
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
kidding. no joking. Who told you that? Says who. Says you.
注: 长对话是短对话的扩展,所以以上技巧也基本上适合长对话。

四、短文
考查方式:一共3篇短文,10个问题。每篇短文念一遍,结束之后提出问题。
1.文章类型
(1) 介绍性
1) 讲故事。
2) 说明性——>对现实生活的影响。
(2) 讨论性 conclusion说出一个结论。
(3) 对比性my opinion.讲述我的观点。

2.解题思路
(1)结构
(2)行文
(3)思维

3.解题步骤
(1) 听之前看选项
1)看选项长短。
2)找出选项中的相同词——以便确定文章的内容和范围。
3) 找数字题——年代,时间,数目,金钱。
(2)抓两头
1)听到结尾——>回忆结尾的一两句话。
2)重复词(重复出现的词就是文章所讲述的重点内容),同时提示文章快要结束了。
3)As a result, so , therefore, thus均提示文章快要结束了。
(3)中间抓小词
1)要牢记以下七个小词:
first, most , because出现,99%会出考题。
only, just也会出考题。
but, however也会出考题。
2)常考的逻辑关系:
并列:and
因果:because
转折:but , however
递进:the more ,the more
让步:despite, although, though
(4)补救措施
如果没听清楚文章内容,就必须听清楚题目问什么,然后用common sense常识来判断正误

4.题型
(1)主观态度题:讲facts,选正态度(就是说,选一个积极的,赞扬的,好的态度)。
What’s the speaker’s attitude toward sth?
What’s the speaker’s impression of sth?
主观态度题常常不会考太过细致的选项(就是说,说得太精确的选项一般都是用来迷惑人的)。
(2)中心思想题
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What’s the passage mainly talking about?
What’s the main idea of this passage?
What’s the topic of this passage?
(3)paraphrase替换题
1)词组与词的替换
cancel= call off
latedelay=behind schedule
2)词与词的替换
a.同义词
interesting =stimulating =fascinating =exciting
b.反义词

五、复合式听写
考查方式:一篇文章一共10个空,1-7空为单词听写,8-10空为句子听写。
复合式听 写历来是考生们最头疼的四级“绝杀”。因为完全没有选择,需要真刀真枪的写
出所有答案,在过去的年 份中,考生们也是能躲就躲。但是,在新四级当中,由于作为固定
模式出现,复合式听写将永恒存在。十 题中,前七空需要写出七个单词,实际上,这些单词
中大部分都属于能够听懂,但是容易写错的单词。所 以,平时的功夫就很重要了。在此建议
考生,对于那些经常出现,但是总让自己的拼写出现困难的单词, 考生们一定要多加注意。
而对于分数设计较高的最后三个空,也就是长句子听写,笔者建议考生一定按照 考试说明的
要求,用“按照自己的话把题目要点写出来”而尽量不要“完全按照听到的写下来”,因为< br>后者的难度实在太大,另外,也没有必要。在应用前者方法的同时,考生需要注意,在第一
遍记录 完大致的主语以及谓语后,第二遍时,请一定注意听完,在脑海里稍微用自己的思路
组织一下,再动笔进 行书写。因为只有这样,才能够按照“由长到短,由难到易”的方向进
行长句的转化。
下面是答题顺序及技巧:

1听之前(pre-listening)
(1) 对全文进行全局性预览:尤其是第一句(topic)和最后一句(conclusion)。
(2) 观察空格前后的特殊现象,判断词性,单复数,时态语态。

2听之时(while-listening)
原则:精听,速记,以听为主,以记为辅。

3如何速记
(1) 省略虚词如:如冠词,助动词等。
(2)遇到词组记每个单词首字母如 break down 就记作B D ,但一定要自己看得懂的。
(3)长单词记前三个字母 如:experience 就记作 exp。
(4) 符号记忆 如:more than 就记作”>” less than 记作 “<” equal to 记作 “=”
等等。
(5) 混合记忆 就是把上面几种方法混合起来用,还可以夹杂中文字等等。
(6) 随便记忆 如果实在一时想不出是 什么词,就用拼音,音标或者读音相近的词先把他记
下来。总之就是不管对错,先把大致读音记下来再说 ,然后等有时间再慢慢研究。
(7)无论采取何种记录方法最重要的原则是记得自己看得懂,待会能很 方便的回想和复原出
来。不要记得到时候自己也想不起来是什么东西。这就需要平时自己多联系,得出一 套属于
自己的速记方法。
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4听之后(after – listening)
全面检查和补全前面记录下的东西。
(1) 检查漏词
a 检查漏掉的:介词(in on at ……),冠词(a an the),代词( it this
that …… )。
b 漏词缀:漏掉单词前缀, 漏掉非谓语形式(“ing”……),漏掉过去时态(最容易出
错的是以下四个短语 decided to surprised to learned to started to)。
(2) 检查错词
a 长单词容易发生拼写错误,要仔细检查一遍。
b 短单词容易和同音异义词混淆,检查时要和上下文连起来看看意思是不是对。
(3) 检查大小写
人名、地名、国家名、时间名(月份什么)、节日名、书名、文件名、商标名、历史事件名、
宗教名等首字都要大写;句首单词首字母也要大写。
(4) 检查名词单复数、形容词、副词比较级最高级、动词事态、语态

六、短对话听力的一些原则
1.推理原则:一般需对对话进行推理,故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答
案。
2. 挫折原则:通常要办的事情都是不顺利的(如买东西买不到,订房间客满等)。
3. 男女原则:一般男生比较衰,女生比较牛。男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看
法 的,反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。
男生的特征:脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家
女生的特征:爱干净、 节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成
绩都很好
4. 父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习
5. 除了父母教育子女外,家里(包括朋友家,阿姨家等等 )发生的事情一般是不考的,故
遇到地点推测题类似 at home at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的。
6. 四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情,问题, 故如果选项中出现一些日常生
活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项。

七、 短对话听力十大场景及一般思路
1. 借车:车一般是借不到的
2. 吃:匹萨,海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应,“派”一般比较好吃
3. 考试:作业、论文一般比较难,或须要熬夜,教授一般比较严厉,选修课较难较多
4. 坐车(飞机、轮船):一般都需要等
5. 事故(灾难):光明原则,一般不会死人
6. 听讲座:题目一般是比较有趣丰富的,内容一般是比较复杂难懂的
7. 论文:一般需要修改(polish)或重写(rewrite)
8. 休闲:男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive,女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater
9. 医院:需要预约make an appointment
10.买票:基本上是买不到的

八、短对话的常见场景
(一).社会生活类
1、购物消费:
mall 购物中心; convenience store 便利店
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chain store 连锁店; supermarket 超市
department store 百货商店; grocery 杂货店
customer 顾客; complaint 投诉;
display 展示 counter 柜台;
balance 余额,结余; budget 预算
catalog 商品目录; famous brands 名牌;
bargain 讨价还价(v.); 便宜货(n.); stationery文具
electronic products 电子产品; digital camera 数码相机;
discount 折扣; shopping list 购物清单;
receipt 收据; on sale 出售,上市;
sell out 售完; out of stock 没货,脱销;
deliver 送货

2、居家琐事:
trivial affairs 日常琐事;
iron 烫衣服;
in a mess 杂乱;
open an account 开户;
withdraw 取钱;
property 财产;
pay off 还清;
zippostal code 邮政编码

3、日常交往:
leisure time 休闲时间;
drop byround 突然造访;
hospitable 好客的;
hold on 别挂电话;

4、休闲娱乐:
hobby 爱好;
tame dog 训狗
play chess 下象棋
broadcast 广播,播放
programme 电视节目
tennis court 网球场;
entertainment industry娱乐业;
tragedy 悲剧;
plot 情节
enthusiastic 热情的

5、外出就餐:
waiterwaitress 男女服务员;
order 点菜;
menu 菜单;
dessert 甜点;
yogurt 酸奶

laundry 洗衣店
keep an eye on . 照料某人事
economical 经济的,节俭的
deposit 存款;
interest rate 利率;
debt 债务;
parcel 包裹;
call on sb. 拜访某人
take a message 捎信
hang up 挂断电话
operator 接线员
keep pets 养宠物;
gardening 园艺;
TV channels 电视频道;
live broadcast 现场直播;
commercial advertisement 商业广告
performance 表演
comedy 喜剧
horror movie 恐怖片;
entertaining 有趣的,愉快的;
napkin 餐巾
tip 消费;
snack 快餐
appetizer 开胃菜;
toast 烤面包;

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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
junk food 垃圾食品; roast 烤肉
beef steak 牛排; rare 半熟的;
medium 中等熟的 soursweetbitterhot 酸甜苦辣
go dutch AA制; treat 款待,宴请
make a reservation 预定; have a picnic 野餐

6、住房搬家:
landlordlandlady 房东; tenant 房客
apartmentflat 公寓; residence 居住,住所
monthly rent 月租; spare rooms 空余房间
available 可利用的; accommodate 供给住宿或房间
settle 定居;
suburb 郊区
transportation 交通
put up with the noise 容忍噪音

7、装饰维修:
furnished 已装修的;
decoration 装饰;
cupboard 衣柜
sink 下水槽;
leak 漏水
install 安装;
air conditioner 空调

(二).学校生活类
1、注册:
register 注册,报到,登记;
department 系;
recommendation letter 推荐信;

2、选课:
semester 学期;
quitdrop a course 退课;
major in 主修;
optionalelective course 选修课
linguistics 语言学;
psychology 心理学;

3、听课:
professor 教授;
lecturer 讲师;
dean 系主任
call the roll 点名;
make a presentation 作陈述或介绍
get lost 不明白
presence 出席

downtown 市中心;
neighborhood 邻近地区;
subway entrance 地铁入口;
furniture 家具
painting 画;
shower 淋浴;
pipe 管道;
fix 维修;
maintenance mantechnician 维修工
enrolment 登记入学
student ID card 学生证
application form 申请表
register forsign up forenroll intake 选课
earn a credit 修学分
required compulsory course 必修课
curriculum 课程;
philosophy 哲学;
literature class 文学课
supervisoradvisor 导师
tutor 家教;
teaching assistant 教学助理
catchfollow 跟上
confusedpuzzled 迷惑不解的;
attendance 出席人数;
absence 缺席;
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
punctual 守时,准时 take notes 记笔记;
skip the class 逃课 make up…弥补(课)

4、作业:
assignmenthomework 作业; experiment 实验
survey 调查; rough draft 草稿;
final draft 终稿 have one’s hands full with… 忙于做…
due 到期; deadline 最后期限;
criticism 批评 feedback 反馈

5、读书:
journal 定期刊物;
periodical 期刊;
editorial 社论;
out of stock 已脱销;
up-to-date 最近的,当代的;
reference book 参考书;
publishing house 出版社

6、学习:
concentrate 集中精神;
reviewrevise 复习;
think much highly of… 对…评价很高

7、考试、成绩:
mid- term exam 期中考试;
quiz 小测验;
standardized tests 标准测试;
entrance exam 入学考试;
gradescoremark 成绩;
passing grade 及格分;
B plus B加;
repeat the course 重修;

8、毕业进修:
graduation 毕业;
post graduate 研究生;
a bachelor’s degree 学士学位;
a doctor’s degree 博士学位;
study abroad 留学

9、学费及奖学金:
tuition 学费;
grant 助学金;
scholarship 奖学金

10、课余生活:

magazine 杂志;
book review 书评;
go through this novel 通读小说
out of print 已绝版
publisher 出版者
publication 出版,出版物;
distraction 使人分心的事
fall behind 落后;
final exam 期末考试
pop quiz 突击测验;
national test 统考
reviewgo overgo through 复习;
full marks 满分
straight A’s 全得A,全优
B minus B减;
repeat the year 留级
graduate 毕业生;
diploma 文凭;
a master’s degree 硕士学位;
furtheradvanced study 进修;
fee 学杂费;
financial aids 助学金;
student loan 学生助学贷款
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
participate intake part in 参加; enroll in 登记
sign up for 参加(俱乐部,课程等); taste 兴趣,爱好;
run for 竞选; vote 选票
questionnaire 问卷调查; election campaign 选举活动;
the student union 学生会; chairman 主席
candidate 候选人

(三)、求职面试
1、求职面试
job hunting 找工作; want ads 招聘广告
positionpost 职位; openingvacancy 空缺
opportunity 机会;
consult 咨询
application form 求职信
interviewee 面试者
competent 胜任的
qualification 资历
lose one’s job 失业
part-time job 兼职工作
firedismiss 解雇
job-hopping 跳槽
turn down 拒绝

2、工作往来:
clients 客户;
colleague 同事
get along with 与…相处
confirm 确认
arrangement 安排
fill in the application form 填写申请表
night shift 夜班
take over 接管,接任
be involved in 参与
negotiate 谈判
cooperation 合作
bid 投标;
difference 分歧;
disapprove 反对;
headquarter 总部;

3、工作态度:
attitude 态度;
activepositive 积极的;
pessimistic 悲观的;
forgetful 健忘的;
confident 有信心的;
perseverance 坚持不懈;

inquiry 询问;
resume 简历;
interview 面试;
interviewer 面试官;
inexperienced 没有经验的;
unemployment 失业;
full-time job 全职工作;
do odd jobs 做零工;
hireemploy 雇佣;
appointment 任命;
secretary 秘书;
superior 上司;
appointment 约会;
ask for leave 请假;
apply for a vacation申请休假;
morning shift 早班;
shift work 倒班工作;
in charge of 负责;
assistancefavor 帮助,协助;
inquire 咨询;
competition 竞争;
contract 合同
approve 同意,批准
compromise 妥协,让步
branch 分部,分公司
personality 品质
optimistic 乐观的
determined 有决心的
diligent 勤奋的
hard- working 工作努力的
struggle 奋斗
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
overwork 加班; work addict 工作狂
overwhelmed 疲倦的; workload 工作负担
wear out 疲劳的; complain 抱怨
work like a horse 辛勤工作; devote oneself to sth. 致力于…

4、工作业绩:
promotion 升职; career 事业
achievement 成就; contribution 贡献
deserve 值得,应得; worthy 值得的

(四).科普知识类
1、生物,生态:
biology 生物学;
protein 蛋白质
inherit 遗传;
digestive system 消化系统;
ecology 生态学;
rare animal 珍稀动物;

2、气候:
weather forecast 天气预报;
Sunnyclear 晴天;
overcast 阴天的;
light rain 小雨
shower 阵雨
thunderstorm 雷雨
rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨;
snowstorm 暴风雨;
windy 刮风的
sweltering 酷热的
sticky 闷热的;
muggy 闷热潮湿的;
freezing 寒冷的;
severe winter 严冬;
humid 湿的;

3、天文地理:
astronomy 天文学;
cosmos 宇宙;
solar energy 太阳能;
planet 行星;
telescope 望远镜
geology 地质学
exploration 勘探
South Pole 南极
latitude 纬度;
iceberg 冰山;

cell 细胞;
gene 基因;
survive 生存
adapt to 适应
soil erosion 水土流失
extinction 灭绝
temperature 温度
cloudy 多云的
drizzle 毛毛雨;
heavy rain 大雨;
pourdownpour 倾盆大雨;
blizzard 暴风雨
hail 冰雹;
breeze 微风的;
steamy 湿热的;
stuffy 闷的
chilly 严寒的
frigid 严寒的
foggymisty 有雾的
humidity 湿度
universe 宇宙
solar system 太阳系
satellite 卫星
comet 彗星;
microscope 显微镜;
geography 地理;
north Pole 北极;
equator 赤道;
longitude 经度
volcano 火山;
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
erupt 爆发

4、现代科技:
high tech 高科技; clone 克隆
portable computer 手提电脑; Internet 因特网
websites 网址; cyber 网络;
log inon 登陆 hacker 黑客;
computer virus 电脑病毒 chat room 聊天室;
on- line shopping 在线购物 surf on the internet 在网上冲浪;
distance learning 远程学习; fax machine 传真机;
advance technology 先进技术; printer 打印机
copying machine 复印机

(五)、社会问题类
1、环境问题
environment protection 环境保护;
deforestation; 滥砍滥伐
dump 倾倒;
vegetation 植被;
ozone layer 臭氧层;
pollution 污染;
circulation 流通,循环;
radiation 辐射;
dust-storm 沙尘暴;
greenhouse effects 温室效应;
rare 稀有的;
endangered species 濒危物种;
extinction 灭绝;

2、移民种族:
industrial Revolution 工业革命;
refugee 难民;
immigration 移民;
cultural conflict 文化冲突;
multiculturalism 多元化文化主义;
racial segregation 种族隔离;

3、妇女问题:
women’s liberation 妇女解放;
women’s movement 妇女运动;
domestic violence 家庭暴力;
abuse 虐待
divorce 离婚

4、政治经济:
international organizations 国际组织
economic sanctions 经济制裁;

photocopying machine 影印机
reclaim 开垦;
over-fishing 过渡捕鱼;
ecosystem 生态系统;
oxygen 氧气;
deterioration 恶化;
recycle 回收再利用;
purify 净化;
drought 干旱;
acid rain 酸雨;
global warming 全球变暖;
sensitive to climate; 对气候敏感的
wipe out 清除,消亡;
conservation 保护,保存;
famine 饥饿
migrate 移民;
settlement 定居;
diverse 多样的;
descendant 后代,后裔;
racial discrimination 种族歧视;
sex discriminationsexism性别歧视;
professional women 职业女性;
traffic in women 贩卖妇女;
compensate 补偿;
non-governmental organizations 非政府组织
economic recession 经济衰退;


























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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
economic depression 经济萧条; reform 改革;
crisis 危机; institution 机构;
alliance 联盟; cooperation 合作;
politics 政治; (anti-) dumping (反)倾销
deficit 赤字; legislation 立法;
merge 并购,合并; judicial 司法的;
listed company 上市公司; executive 行政的
subsidiary 子公司; parliament 国会;
the Congress 国会(美); bankrupt 破产;
the Secretary of State 国务卿 the State Council 国务院
break out 爆发; summit meeting 峰会;
internal affairs 内政;
terrorism 恐怖主义;
CEO (chief executive officer)首席执行官
GNP (gross national product) 国民生产总值

(六)、文化习俗类
1、文化艺术:
mass media 大众媒体;
musical 音乐片;
fashionable 时尚的;
popular with 流行;
Yuppie 雅皮士;
classical literature 古典文学;
collected works 文集;
aesthetic 美学的;
oil painting 油画;
dignity 尊严;
confrontation 冲突;
(musical) instrument 乐器;
wind instrument 管乐;
stringed instrument 弦乐;
orchestraband 乐队;

2、社会习俗:
exotic 有异域情调的;
costume 服饰;
good- mannered 文明的;
ill-mannered 无教养的;
blunt 唐突,直言的;
tradition 传统;
wedding ceremony 婚礼庆典;
bridesmaid 伴娘;
engagement 订婚;

(七)、旅游交通类:
1、火车

rebel 暴乱;
strike 罢工;
GDP (gross domestic product)国内生产总值
cartoonanimation动画片
Academy Award 金像奖
outmodedoutdated 过时的
catch on 流行;
Hippie 嬉皮士;
art works 艺术作品
collection 作品集,收藏品
graffiti 涂鸦;
sculpture 雕塑;
individual 个人的;
offensive 冒犯的;
concert 音乐会
folk art 民间艺术
performance 表演;
classic art 高雅艺术;
custom 风俗;
proper conduct 得体的举止
taboo 禁忌;
behavior 行为;
practice 惯例;
bridegroomgroom 新郎;
bride 新娘;
best man 伴郎;
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
track 轨道; express train 快车;
a non-stopthrough train 直达火车; stopping trainslow train 慢车;
changetransfer 转车、换乘; scheduletimetable 时刻表;
cartrain attendant 列车员; bookingticket office 订票处;
information booth 问讯处; passenger 乘客
coachcarriage 车厢; sleeping car 卧车车厢
berthbunk 铺位; restaurantdining car 餐车;
platform ticket 站台票; one-way ticket 单程票
returnround-trip ticket 往返票 left-luggage office 行李暂存处;
check (in) luggage 托运行李; punch a ticket 剪票
refund a ticket 退票; terminalterminus 终点站
to change trains at… 在(某地)换车
to break the journey 中途下车

2、汽车
commuter 通勤者;
zebra 斑马线;
jay- walker 乱穿马路的行人;
park a car 停车;
run a red lightjump the light 闯红灯;
speeding 超速;
drunken drinking 酒后驾车;
hit- and-the-run accident 事故后驾车逃逸
intersection 十字路口;
shuttle 班车
fast lane 快行车道;
ticket 罚单;

3、飞机
Airport 机场;
airline 航线;
flight 航班;
economy class 经济舱;
first class 头等舱;
business class 商务舱;
see off 送行;
departure time 起飞时间;
check in 办理登机手续;
crew 全体乘务人员;
captain 机长;
pilot 飞行员;
switch to a different flight 换乘其他航班

4、参观游览
tourist 游客;
sightseeing 观光、游览;
book a room 预订房间;

the train is due at…在(某时)到达
rush hour (车辆的)高峰时间
traffic jam 交通拥挤;
handbrake手刹车;
hold up 阻塞,抑制;
over taking on the inside 超车;
make a wrong turn 拐错弯;
casualties 伤亡人数
one way street 单行道;
driver’sdriving license驾驶执照;
give a ride 搭车;
injury 受伤;
declare 申报(海关、纳税)
customs 海关;
board 登机;
checking counter 检票处
passport 护照;
visa 签证;
airplane crash 空难;
miss flight 误机;
safety inspection 安检;
behind schedule 晚点;
airsick 晕机;
jet lag 飞机时差反应;
take a vacation 休假;
travel agency 旅行社;
reception desk 接待处;




























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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
service counter 服务台; check in 住宿登记;
check out 结账离开; scenic resort 旅游胜地;
historic spots 历史名胜; landscape 风景;
fantastic scene 奇异的景象; pose 摆姿势;
beyond description 难以描述; press the shutter 按快门;
run out of film 胶卷用完了; broaden one’s horizon 开拓眼界;

(八)、医疗健康类
1、疾病和症状
Epidemic 流行病; bird flu 禽流感;
SARS 非典型性肺炎; contagion 传染;
symptom 症状;
sneeze 打喷嚏;
runny nose 流鼻涕;
vomit 呕吐;
stomachache 胃痛;
toothache 牙疼;
allergy 过敏;
fatigue 疲劳;
have a temperaturefever 发烧;

2、医院和医生
infirmary 学校医院;
the dentist’s 牙科诊所;
registration office 挂号处;
out-patient department 门诊部;
in-patient department 住院部;
pharmacist 药剂师;
doctor in charge 主治医师

3、检查和治疗
Register 挂号;
Examine 检查;
Take blood pressure 量血压;
Physical inspection 体检;
Prescription 处方,药方;
Herbherbal medicine 草药;
Pilltablet 药片,药丸;
sleeping pilltablet;pharmacy 药房
take injection 打针;
be in hospital 住院;
operation 手术;
go for the admission procedure 办理住院手续;

4、减肥锻炼
put on weight 增加体重;
aerobics 有氧健身法;

attackfit 发作;
coughing 咳嗽;
nausea 恶心;
diarrhea 腹泻;
cavity 牙洞;
dental decay 龋齿;
fracture 骨折;
sore throat 嗓子疼;
clinic 诊所;
physician 内科医生
surgeon 外科医生
ward 病室;
anesthetist 麻醉师;
head nurse 护士长;
make a file 建病例;
take temperature 量体温;
treat 治疗;
cure 治愈;
fill teeth 补牙;
drug 药;
dosage 剂量;
drugstorechemist’s shop 药店,药房;
vaccinate 注射疫苗;
be out of hospital 出院;
surgery 外科手术;
overweight 超重的
lose weight 减肥;
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
keep-fit class 健身房; fitness center 健身中心
physical exercise 锻炼; slimming drug 减肥药;
exercise machine 健身器械; on diet 节食;
go in for physical training锻炼体魄; build up a good physique 锻炼身体;

5、不良习惯
tobacco 烟草(制品); addict 使沉溺或上瘾;
tar 焦油; nicotine 尼古丁;
lung cancer 肺癌; heavy smoker 烟瘾大的人;
give upstopquit smoking 戒烟; give upstopquit drinking 戒酒;

6、身体状况
Physical examination、health checkup 体检; be of strong physiquepowerful build 体格强壮;
be in goodbad shape 身体健康身体状况好; be as fit as a fiddle 身体非常好;
be in poor health 身体虚弱; befeel under the weather 身体不舒服;
be out of shape 身体不好;

九、四级听力之——如何备战四级听力
如何有效备战 四级听力?如何在短时间内大幅提高自身水平?随着十二月份的四级考试
的临近,越来越多的考生面临着 这样的一个尴尬局面:有时间的时候,忽视了日积月累的复
习;而意识到复习的重要性的时候,时间又非 常紧迫了。古人云,“不战而屈人之兵”,意思
就是在打仗之前,就已经通过各种各样的非战争因素赢得 了战争,胜败已见分晓。同样的,
我们四级的考生也一定要赢在起跑线上:建立起正确的迎考态度,按照 正确的复习方法和节
奏,有条不紊地进行系统的复习工作。

1、心理准备
首先我们必须明确:冰冻三尺,非一日之寒;英语学习是一个长期积累的过程,短期的
突击无异于舍本 逐末、杯水车薪。然而,这并不意味着我们不能够通过掌握考试规律来调整
我们的临考状态、提高我们的 应考能力。本文目的就是与广大考生共同分享如何利用应试规
律、最大限度地发挥同学们的四级听力水平 的。当然,我们还是需要反复强调:英语水平是
不可能在短时间内有实质性飞跃的,尽管,考生的应试水 平可以通过科学的方法有效地提高。
想要在四级考场中最大程度发挥潜能、取得完胜,考生首先要在心 理上取得优势。不仅是对
于初次考级的新考生,对于老考生来说,四级的成败很大程度上取决于心理因素 。心理上,
我们必须戒骄戒躁,排除任何杂念,越是临近考试,就越是要冷静执着,坚韧不拔。考生的< br>心中只需要有一个信念:两个月,我只要两个月复习四级就绰绰有余了,我一定能够毕其功
于一役 !
同时,我们必须有这样的心理准备:随着四、六级考试改革的深入,会有更多,更新,
更难 的题目,包括听力题目和题型出现。有了这样的思想准备,一旦出现某种没有预料到的
题型,或者是某些 罕见的知识点,就反而迎合了我们打硬仗的心理准备。我们就能够真正地
在战略上轻视四级考试,在战术 上重视四级考试。表现出我不入地狱、谁入地狱的气概。
当然,我们花了大量的时间和精力来复习英语 、准备考试肯定不是为收集准考证而来的。所
以,一旦在考场中出现一些意想不到的意外情况,我们能够 、也必须有处惊不变的能力,及
时调整考试心态、从容不迫地应答。须知,四级考试是标准化考试,对于 每个考生而言,都
是公平的。事实上,历史经验证明:题目要求越是高,难度越是大,考生的发挥余地也 就越
大。挑战和机遇是正相关的。

2、实战准备
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毫无疑问,一个考生的应试水平,其实,也是基于一定的英语基础之上的。所谓弱不受
补,任何的技巧和方法都或多或少地需要对于英语有比较基本而扎实的掌握。所以,想要尽
快提 高自己的应试水平,首先就是要尽快提高自己的英语水平。当然,既然考生的目标非常
明确、而且只有一 个:四级,那么就应该把有限的时间和精力投入到无限的为四级而准备的
工作中去。虽然,同样是测试一 个考生的英语语言运用能力,但是国外有雅思考试、托福考
试,国内有专业四、八级,大学四、六级等等 ,她们的考试目的,手段,和评价体系都不尽
相同。由此可见,复习四级的最好方法,不过六个字:真题 !真题!!真题!!!可以说,真题
的重要性在任何考试中都到了无可复加的地步。只有真题才能够体现 出考试的所有特点,四
级考试当然也不例外。达成了这个共识,我们就需要解决另外一个问题:如何有效 地利用有
限的真题。
据统计,保留完整的四级真题不超过三十套,所以,真题的资源是非常有 限,甚至是稀
缺的。所以,做真题,不仅仅是一个做题的过程,而且是一个做精做透,精益求精,不断提
高的过程。那么怎么样才能在听真题的时候达到以上的要求呢?根据听真题的不同层次,基
本上 ,可以把听题分为以下五个阶段:

(1) 初听
众所周知,听真题时的第一感觉 是无法取代的。第一次听题,是对考生听力的一次全新
考验,所以,大部分考生也非常重视测分。但是由 于太重视分数,往往刚听完一个部分就开
始对答案,甚至每听一题就对一题的答案。应该说,这样的做法 首先干扰了正常的做题程序,
而且使考生养成依赖答案的习惯,最后也很难达到预期的做题效果,毕竟, 在考场里,考生
听题必须一气呵成,在整整二十分钟时间里,根本没有机会休息,更不用说对答案了。所 以,
第一次听题,最好能够模拟考场的情况,制造考场的气氛,甚至对自己施加一些临考的压力,
这样才能够达到理想的听题效果。即使是有个别题目不确定或者没有听清,也必须强迫自己
至少在整套 真题听完以后再对答案(而不是对照原文),然后再着手寻找问题。

(2) 听写
在第一遍听题结束以后,考生往往会碰到以下两种情况:一.发觉有些自己犹豫不决的
题目猜对了;二 .发觉有些犹豫不决的题目改错了。对于这两种情况,考生必须有一个清醒
的认识:其实这些题目就像比 赛中的机会球一样,做对与否几乎完全取决于运气。所有,无
论对错,都应该引起考生的高度重视。另外 两种容易被忽略的现象是:一.考生可以在第一
次就把握住题目的大意,因此可以比较轻松地把题目答对 ;二.考生无论如何努力地试图去
听也无法把原文中的信息通过听力的手段解构。对于第一种现象,考生 必须防止一知半解(只
知其一,不知其二),或者是自欺欺人(以为自己完全懂了,其实有些地方根本就 没有听到,
没有听出来,或者是没有听懂)。而对于第二种现象,有些考生往往就急于求成,在第一时间
就翻开原文进行对比研究。这些情况,都是广大考生必须避免的。刚才已经说过,真题的资
源是 非常稀缺的,因此,在初听之后,考生需要开始一个漫长的细嚼慢咽的消化过程。这个
过程,就是做听写 练习,不厌其烦地对自己所做的每一道真题进行听写练习,无论对错。这
样一来,本来没有暴露出来的问 题自然而然也就暴露出来了,本来已经暴露出来的问题则被
具体化地落实到了词、词组、和短语等语言基 本单位上。如此一来,清者自清、浊者自浊,
考生可以从一个非常客观的角度全面审视自己现有的听力水 平。

(3) 整理
当找到自身存在的隐含或者是具体的问题之后,考生就可以开 始归纳整理自己在听写中
所反映出来的问题了。一般,每个考生的情况不同,因此问题也因人而异。不过 有一点可以
肯定,如果是小对话题,那么问题基本上可以从单词、词组、口语表达方式、场景及其相关< br>语境词、句型结构、时态、语态语体、和语音语调等几方面进行归类;如果是语段题,那么
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
问题基本上可以从词组、句型结构、语段语篇结构、文章体裁、考点分布、和标志词等 几方
面来进行归类;而如果是复合式听写,那么问题基本上可以从漏词、错词、大小写、时态语
态、数、同音近音词、细节把握、语言归纳整理能力、和句型结构的掌握等几方面来进行归
类。通过比较 系统地归纳和整理自身暴露出来的问题,考生可以比较一目了然地发觉自身的
薄弱环节所在,因此也就有 了对症下药的科学依据。而且,考生往往会发觉,由于听力是一
门综合性的科目,所以,所谓听力问题, 大多数情况下,不仅仅是由于“听力”出了问题,
而且还因为词汇量限制、句型掌握不稳固、语法知识不 系统、语言功能掌握不全面、语段语
篇理解不透彻等等其它“非听力”因素而出现障碍。这样,就要求广 大考生能够从自身具体
情况出发,结合各种工具书,针对自己的薄弱环节各个击破。

(4) 跟读
通过以上方法,基本上,考生可以把诗外的功夫做到位,但是如果同学发现自己 有些结
构看到了就懂了,可是听起来还是很吃力,那又应该怎么办呢?理论上,这是由于考生的视
觉和听觉脱钩的关系。也就是说,考生的对于真题的敏感性还没有在听觉这个层次上建立起
来。如果说 其它部分还可以蒙混过关,那么这对于听力来说就是一个巨大的灾难了。除了极
个别题目可以通过选项特 征进行判断以外,其它听不懂的题目一般情况下都会牺牲掉,毕竟,
四级真题越来越成熟、越来越科学、 越来越系统,真题中的迷惑项也随之越来越难以辨别。
既然问题是出在“听觉”上,那么最好的方式就是 通过纠正语音来解决问题了。显而易见,
听说本为一家,如果考生单纯“听力”出现问题,那么一般“口 语”也不尽如人意,而考生
如果口语水平不俗,那么一般听力也不会差。须知,练习口语和提高听力本身 就是个辩证统
一的关系,两者紧密联系、相辅相成。对于进入冲刺阶段的考生来说,练习听力,需要不急
不徐、戒骄戒躁,既没有时间,不能够从最基本的音标或者是漫无目的地找口语材料进行练
习, 也不能够急功近利,妄图通过一两次突击就大功告成。实际上,只要有心,考生不难发
现:完完整整、踏 踏实实地对照听力原文,跟读真题听力磁带五至六遍以后,再回过头来听
题,感觉就不可同日而语了。在 跟读的过程中,考生切忌贪多,一定要在他人、录音机、复
读机、或者其它设备的帮助下纠正自己不良的 吐字发音习惯,有条件的话,最好是亲自对照
自己的读音和真题读音之间的差别,这样才能够尽快突破语 音关,为听力考试打通最后一道
关。如果时间允许,考生还需要重点跟读自己在听写练习中暴露出的问题 单词、问题句型、
或者问题语段结构,在纠正语音的过程中,强化自己的复习成果。

(5) 背诵
最后的一个阶段,也是最高境界,就是能够对真题了如指掌,做到绘声绘色、惟 妙惟肖
地模仿,甚至是倒背如流。我们很多教授听力的老师,通过长期的教学实践,已经达到了这
个层次,从而对于真题才有不同凡响的见解和分析。不难看出,对于真题越是熟悉的人,无
论是考生还 是老师,都能够很好地把握听题节奏、做题方法、猜题技巧、从而达到“猛、准、
狠”的最高境界。我们 在课上讲授的绝大多数技巧、场景、原则、关键词、特殊句型、甚至
是答题的感觉都是以大量背诵作为基 础的。一般地说,一个考生只要能够达到背诵考点的水
平(与全文背诵相比较还是相对容易的),就可以 轻松应付四级听力考试了。毕竟,四级听力
考试所能够测试的知识点和考点范围有限,考生一旦能够对所 有测试点如数家珍,那么考试
本身已经不成为问题了,因为,这时候的考生已经突破了应付考试的层次, 真正达到了提升
英语水平的阶段了。这听起来似乎遥不可及,其实不然。考生在有一定语感的基础上,通 过
可以诵读五、六遍就已经能够对测试点有一个基本印象了,然后根据艾宾浩斯的记忆曲线,
连 续记忆三天就可以过关了。到时候,考生再回首看自己曾经做过的卷子、错过的题,不禁
会扼腕痛惜:这 种程度的题目我也会做错?
其它准备
在了解了听真题的各个阶段以后,考生还需要把握复习的节奏。一般,由于四级听力资
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源的匮乏,考生如果在考试前有充裕的时间复习,那么应该在保证质量的前提下完成复 习任
务。每个星期的做题量应该控制在一至两套之间,力求听一套、记一套、看一套、读一套、
背一套,套套入心。直到考试前一个月才开始真正发力,使自己渐渐进入临考状态,一般以
一天一套为宜 。如果考生发现自己在听力的A部分或者B部分的后半段明显答题正确率下降,
那么就表明:考生在体力 方面的准备仍然不充分。那么,考生应该结合自身情况在保证休息
的前提下,适当加大听题力度,进行超 负荷训练,提高自己考试听力的耐力水平。
然后,我们需要一个切实可行的详细到每一天的复习计划。 虽然每个考生的情况不同,本身
水平,备考时间,心理期待都有所差异,但是,有一点是共同的:在最后 的两个月里,挑战
极限、追求卓越,即使是面对绝望,也要在绝望中寻找希望!
其次,也是更 为重要的一点,就是要步步为营、一步一个脚印地合理安排备考时间,实
施这个计划。一般情况下,我们 认为,一天24小时中,有6个小时是英语考级听力的黄金复
习时间。这6个小时分别在早8点到10点 ,中午12点到14点,晚上20点到22点。
一日之际在于晨,拥有清晨日出的人,就拥有一天的阳 光。在早晨宝贵的时间里,由于没有
前摄抑制,我们记忆能力将达到的高峰时期。而且,作为四级考试的 第一部分,听力恰在9
点至10点的时间进行答题。在早晨的时间段进行考级听力练习可以达到记忆和调 整生物钟的
双重功效,可谓事半功倍。
而中午则是大多数同学休息的时候,这段时间里,我们 的注意力很难集中。如果在这段
时间里进行考级听力练习,其实是对一个考生体力的考验。当然,我们不 提倡通宵达旦的题
海战术,只是要求广大考生做好打疲劳战的准备。因为考试时由于心理紧张,会加速人 体的
疲劳,所以,我们必须强迫自己适应在最艰苦的条件下连续作战。然而,考前的休息也异常
重要,所以,我们就牺牲中午休息的时间,做一些高强度的训练。
到了晚上则更不待言,很多考生的大 部分复习时间就是在晚上白白流逝的。其实晚上的
时间没有后摄抑制,也是人的记忆高峰。与其进行其它 的娱乐休闲活动,或者背单词背到走
神,不如强迫自己反复聆听四级真题、做听写练习,使自己对各种题 型、各种考点了如指掌、
倒背如流。
其实,在考试迫在眉睫的时候,同学们往往容易进入一种 混乱的临考状态。这种状态比
较突出的表现是日夜颠倒,该休息的时候睡不着、夜不能寐,可是一拿起书 就昏昏欲睡、欲
罢不能。尤其是在专业课和全国四、六级考试纷至沓来的时候,很多同学更是发扬连续作 战
的精神,通宵达旦,头悬樑、锥刺骨,结果影响了正常的作息,反而使自己陷于被动,很难
正 常发挥。这对于像四、六级考试这样的高强度考试而言是有百害而无一益的。道理很简单,
四、六级考试 对于一个学生来说,不仅是一次英语水平的综合测试,也是一种意志力、甚至
是体力的考验。没有良好的 休息作为后盾,考生很难笑到最后。所以,保证充足的睡眠是最
基本也是首要的应试技巧。
尤 其是在考试最后一天,没有充足的睡眠,考生在考场里很容易出现幻听、重听等现象,
严重影响听力考试 的技战术水平发挥。须知,听力考试是四级考试中唯一的只有一次答题机
会的题型,错过任何一个字都不 可能重来。而遗失任何一个考点就等于把考生推上绝路,不
仅对本题解答会产生不良影响,更可能引起心 理暗示的连锁反应,打乱考生考试节奏,引发
多米诺股牌效应,从而棋错一招、满盘皆输。
最 后,营养的摄入在最后关头也是异常重要的一环。在保证充分睡眠的同时,食物是另
一个“工夫在诗外” 的非考试因素。尤其是参加四级考试的同学,早餐一定要定时定量,不
可或缺。一般来说,类似奶酪酥这 样的奶制品外加一杯热牛奶或者热巧克力已经足以提供整
个半天考试所需的热量。当然,这也因人而异。 对于内火较旺的同学来说,红枣莲心汤就是
更好的选择了。有些体质虚弱的同学也可以考虑服用一些如西 洋参、鸡精、保健饮料这样的
营养品。不过,安眠药或者兴奋剂等有副作用的药物一定要慎用,否则过犹 不及。
总结,我们说在两个月内完成四级的考级任务并不仅仅是空洞的技巧和捷径,因为任何
的技巧都需要一定的积累作为基础,而任何的捷径只是一条比较近的路而已,都是由人走出
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
来的。所以,我们一方面需要放松心态、轻装上阵;另一方面又需要脚踏实地、苦干加巧干。
在具体的复习过程中,我们首先应该对自己有一个基本的认识,也就是说,要了解自己的水
平怎么样。当 然,如果至今都没有完整地做过任何一套四级真题的同学是不知道自己的水平
以大学英语四级的标准来衡 量到底达到什么程度的。所以,从这两个月里的第1天起,我们
就必须开始做题。每天只需要做一至两套 ,但是务必做精做透。
这样做,唯一的好处就在于通过试着完整地做历年四级真题,考生就能够找出自 己在四
级标准下的薄弱环节。找到了这样的薄弱环节,就可以进行有针对性的强化练习,填补自己
在知识结构上的漏洞。由于听力考试是一门综合性的考试,考察的不仅是学生的听能,更是
学生在词汇 ,阅读,归纳分析等等方面的综合能力,所以,在听力上有问题的同学,往往问
题不仅仅在听能上,他其 它部分的答题通常也是差强人意的。但是如果我们能够通过听力找
到自己在整个英语体系中体现出来的问 题,不管是发音、词汇、语法、还是阅读能力,那么
就可以达到一箭双雕的效果了。
当然,四 级考级复习是一个庞大而系统的过程。在这个过程中还要注意的一个要点就是
要将任务大而化小,小而化 了。反复练习考试听力时,不要以整套真题、整个部分、或者整
个语段为单位,而是应该以最小的单位进 行反复的复习。小对话题至少划分到每一题,语段
题至少划分到每一段,而听写题则最好划分到每一句。 这样不仅使需要解决的问题变得很明
确,而且容易使考生在复习过程中有掌握一个新的知识点或者考点的 成就感。
具体的复习过程中,考生要不忘加强基础的训练。把听力原文中有限的生词、词组、语
法现象(如常考的虚拟语气,省略,重要时态等)、句型(如建议类句型,附和句型与否定句
型等)以 及场景都尽可能详尽地掌握。如果连看着原文都不能够弄懂,那么要把原文听懂就
更加无法想象了。虽然 ,自然状态下,人们学习语言是由听力首先入手的,但是作为第二语
习得,我们对学习英语大多从阅读开 始的,所以如果连阅读也不能够达到四级听力的要求,
提高听力水平只能够是空中楼阁、空谈而已。因此 ,正确的顺序应该是首先利用听力材料练
习听力,在无法听懂的情况下对照原文,如果还是不懂,那么就 参考译文。接下来,在书面
认知的基础上,再循环地进行听力练习。基础不牢、地动山摇,没有扎实的英 语功底是绝对
不会有听力这个上层建筑的。空着手上战场,只会在痛苦中被消灭的!
具体的复 习过程中,考生还要克服语音障碍,在实践中加强对单词的语音敏感度的练习。
大多数考生记忆单词过程 实际上是手眼并用的过程,往往容易忽略对于耳朵的刺激。所以,
很多考生反映当看到时觉得异常简单非 常亲切,可是听到时就完全不同了。是的,仅凭视觉
和触觉记忆,而没有足够的语音信息的输入,加上对 不同的语音系统准备不足,会轻而易举
地导致熟悉的单词一旦从磁带中放出来就完全是判若两词的感觉。 现在,如果考生再去购买
配备磁带的词汇书,跟读、做听写固然有效,可是效果非常有限,原因就在于你 已经没有时
间再单独地进行语音输入练习了。目前,唯一可行的方法就是反复听真题。这样一来,既能< br>够在有限的时间里克服语音输入的障碍,又能够熟悉四级考题,可谓一举两得。当然,在听
音的过 程中还必须注意英美音的发音现象。刚才说过,四级是一个混合的语音系统,这就要
求所有考生对于不同 发音有很快的反应,迅速在两种语音之间自由切换。接下来,我们还需
要注意两种比较常考的语音现象: 连读和失爆。当然,特殊的语音现象绝对不止两种,可是
就像马泰效应所提出的“贫者愈贫、富者愈富” 的理论一样,考过的语音现象总是一而再、
再而三地成为考点。
具体的复习过程中,考生也需 要扩大自己的阅读面。综上所述,今年来的语段和听写题
频繁涉及一些自然科学技术的发展以及社会科学 中的话题。无论是环境保护、自然生物知识、
英美国家人文知识、大学机构介绍、特色服务、还是社会问 题等内容都能够在四级听力的试
题中有所体现。这样,就要求广大考生对于社会生活的方方面面有一些基 本的关注和了解,
这种平时的积累有助于迅速熟悉甚至预测听力语段的主题和走向,帮助考生轻松理解原 文,
根据自己日积月累的常识,对于某些常识题进行预先的判断。这对于考生临场发挥、提高解
题自信心相当有帮助。
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
鲁迅先生说过,世界上本没有路,走的人多了也就成了路。我们要善于在学习实践中发
现、总结和运用规律,这样才能够在复习迎考的过程中事半功倍,百尺竿头、更进一步。路
漫漫 其修远兮,愿以此文抛砖引玉。
























































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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级

第二部分.最新英语四级高频词汇

v. 改变,改动,变更 vi.,n. 突然发生,爆裂
e vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of) n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉
e v. 消耗,耗尽 v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的
v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃 v. 溢出,溅出,倒出
9. slide v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片 10. slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽略
ia n. 细菌 n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔
n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排 ate n. 候选人
n. 校园 l a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的
orm v. 转变,变革;变换 it v. 传播,播送;传递
19. transport vt. 运输,运送 n. 运输,运输工具 20. transplant v. 移植
v. 转移;转动;转变 v. 变化,改变;使多样化
vi. 消灭,不见 w v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子
ion n. 怀疑,疑心 ious a. 怀疑的,可疑的
a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的 a. 温柔的;脆弱的
ce n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事 rate vt. 加速,促进
ificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的 te a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的
ry n. 分界线,边界 n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住(车)
g n. 目录(册) v. 编目 a. 模糊的,不明确的
n. 徒劳,白费 t a. 绝灭的,熄灭的
rdinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的 e a. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端
n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因 l n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精
. 呼吁,恳求 iate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏
e v. 赞成,同意,批准 ate vt. 刺激,激励
e vt. 取得,获得;学到 lish vt .完成,到达;实行
k n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络 n. 潮汐;潮流
a. 整洁的,整齐的 vt. 追踪,找到 n. 痕迹,踪迹
e . 拷打,折磨 vi. 漫游,闲逛
n. 蜡 v. 织,编
ve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持 vt..反对,反抗
59. expose vt. 暴露,显露 60..glimpse vt&n.一瞥,一看
61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂 62. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的
63. academy n. (高等)专科院校 64. battery n. 电池(组)
65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏 66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物
67. career n. 生涯,职业 68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管
69. vertical a. 垂直的 70. oblige v. 迫使,责成;使感激
71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊 72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度
73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的 74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的
75. petrol n. 汽油 76. petroleum n. 石油
77. delay vt.n. 推迟,延误,耽搁 78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽
79. decent a. 像样的,体面的 80. route n. 路;路线;航线
81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟 82. sake n. 缘故,理由
83. satellite n. 卫星 84. scale n. 大小,规模;等级;刻度
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
85. temple n. 庙宇 86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,
87. tend vi.易于,趋向 88. tendency n.趋向,趋势
89. ultimate a. 极端的,最终的 n. 极端 90. undergo v. 经历,遭受
91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的 92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳
93. adapt vi. 适应,改写 vt. 使适应 94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉
95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的;非正式的 96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉
97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的 98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器
99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的 100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学
101. organ n. 器官,风琴 102. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩
103. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出 104. expend v. 消费
105. expenditure n. 支出,消费;经费 106. expense n. 开销,费用
107. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的 108. expand v. 扩大,扩张;展开,膨胀
109. expansion n. 扩大,扩充;发展,膨胀 110. private a. 私人的,个人的
111. individual a.单独的 n. 个人,个体 112. personal a. 个人的,私人的;亲自的
date v.恐吓,威胁 114. personnel n. 人员,员工;人事部门
115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋
119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的 120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭
121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的;尖刻的 122. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢
123. balcony n. 阳台 124. calculate vt. 计算,核算
125. calendar n. 日历,月历 126. optimistic a. 乐观
127. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的 128. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,显著的
129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口,输出 130. import n. 进口(物) v. 进口,输入
131. impose vt. 把...加强(on);采用,利用 132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰
133. religious a. 宗教的 134. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者
135. video n. 电视,视频 a. 电视的 136. videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把...在录像带上
137. offend v. 冒犯,触犯 138. bother v. 打搅,麻烦
139. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍 140. internal a. 内部的,国内的
141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先 142. racial a. 人种的种族的
143. radiation n. 放射物,辐射 144. radical a.根本的;激进的
145. range n. 幅度 v. (在某范围内)变动 146. wonder n. 惊奇 v. 想知道,对...感到疑惑
147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立 148. issue n. 问题,争论点;(报刊)一期
149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道 150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住
151. adequate a. 适当地;足够 152. adhere vi. 粘附,附着;遵守,坚持
153. ban vt. 取缔,禁止 154. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获
155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的;正当的 156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷
157. consistent a. 坚固定;始终如一的 158. continuous a. 继续的,连续(不断)的
159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的 160. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增
161. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采 162. explore v. 勘探
163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增 164. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的
165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的 166. removal n. 除去,消除
167. render vt. 使得,致使 168. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕
169. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的 170. identify vt. 认出,鉴定
171. identify n. 身份;个性,特性 172. poverty n. 贫穷
173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的 174. resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意
175. barrel n. 桶 176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的 178. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车
179. code n. 准则,法规,密码 180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷,盘绕
181. adult n. 成年人 182. advertise v. 为...做广告
183. advertisement n. 广告 184. agency n. 代理商,经销商
185. focus v. (使)聚集 n. 焦点,中心 186. forbid vt. 不许,禁止
187. debate n.v. 辩论,争论 188. debt n. 欠债
189. decade n. 十年 190. enclose vt. 围住;把...装入信封
191. encounter vt.n. 遭遇,遭到 192. globe n. 地球,世界;地球仪
193. global a. 全球的;总的 194. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览
195. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻 196. significance n. 意义;重要性
197. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的 198. virtue n. 美德,优点
199. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的 200. orient vt. 使适应,(to,toward)使朝向
201. portion n. 一部分 202. target n. 目标,靶子 vt. 瞄准
203. portable a. 手提式的 204. decline v. 拒绝,谢绝;下降
205. illusion n. 错觉 206. likelihood n. 可能,可能性
207. stripe n. 条纹 208. emphasize vt. 强调,着重
209. emotion n. 情感,感情 210. emotional a. 感情的,情绪(上)的
211. awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的 212. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的
213. clue n. 线索,提示 214. collision n. 碰撞,冲突
215. device n. 装置,设备 216. devise vt. 发明,策划,想出
217. inevitable a. 不可避免的 218. naval a. 海军的
219. navigation n. 航行 220. necessity n. 必需品;必要性
221. previous a. 先,前,以前的 222. provision n. [pl.]给养,口粮;准备,设备
223. pursue vt. 追逐;追求;从事,进行 224. stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的
225. substitute n. 代用品 vt. 代替 226. deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得
227. discrimination n. 歧视;辨别力 228. professional a. 职业的,专门的
229. secure a. 安全的,可靠的 230. security n. 安全,保障
231. scratch v.n. 抓,搔,扒 232. talent n. 才能,天资;人才
233. insurance n. 保险,保险费 234. insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保
235. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过 236. neutral a. 中立的,中性的
237. spot n. 地点;斑点 vt. 认出,发现 238. spray v. 喷,(使)溅散
239. medium a. 中等的,适中的 n. 媒介物 240. media n. 新闻传媒
241. auxiliary a. 辅助的,备用的 242. automatic a. 自动的
243. compete vi. 竞争,比赛 244. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的
245. competition n. 竞争,比赛 246. distribute vt. 分发
247. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍 248. infer v. 推论,推断
249. integrate v. (into,with)(使)成为一体 250. moist a. 潮湿
251. moisture n. 潮湿 252. promote vt. 促进;提升
253. region n. 地区;范围;幅度 254. register v.n.登记,注册
255. stable a. 稳定的 256. sophisticated a. 老于世故的,老练的
257. splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的 258. cancel vt. 取消,废除
259. variable a. 易变的,可变的 260. prospect n. 前景,前途;景象
261. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣 262. aspect n. 方面;朝向;面貌
263. cope vi. (with)(成功地)应付,处理 264. core n. 果心,核心
265. maintain vt. 维持,保持;坚持,主张 266. mainland n. 大陆
267. discipline n. 纪律;惩罚;学科 268. domestic a. 本国的,国内的;家用的
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
269. constant a. 不变的,恒定的 n. 常数 270. cliff n. 悬崖,峭壁
271. authority n. 权威;当局 272. audio a. 听觉
273. attitude n. 态度 274. community n. 社区,社会
275. commit vt. 犯(错误,罪行等) 276. comment . 评论
277. distinguish vt. 区分,辨别 278. distress n. 痛苦,悲伤 vt. 使痛苦
279. facility n. [pl.] 设备,设施;便利,方便 280. faculty n. 技能;学科,学院;全体教员
281. mixture n. 混合,混合物 282. mood n. 心情,情绪;语气
283. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的 284. prominent a. 突出的
285. substance n. 物质;实质 286. substantial a. 可观的;牢固的;实质的
287. prompt vt. 促使 a. 敏捷的,及时的 288. vivid a. 生动的
289. vocabulary n. 词汇(量);词汇表 290. venture n. 风险投资,风险项目 v. 冒险
291. version n. 版本,译本;说法 292. waist n. 腰,腰部
293. weld v.n. 焊接 294. yawn vi. 打哈欠
295. yield vi. (to)屈服于;让出,放弃 n. 产量 296. zone n. 地区,区域
297. strategy n. 战略,策略 298. strategic a. 战略(上)的,关键的
299. tense a. 紧张的 v. 拉紧 n. 时态 300. tension n. 紧张(状态),张力
301. avenue n. 林荫道,大街 302. available a. 现成可用的;可得到的
303. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,类似的 304. comparative a. 比较的,相对的
305. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔 306. data n. 数据,资料
307. dive vi. 跳水,潜水 308. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的
309. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格 310. regulate vt. 管理,调节
311. release vt.n. 释放,排放;解释解脱 312. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张
313. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的 314. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩;退缩
315. subtract v. 减(去) 316. suburb n. 市郊
317. subway n. 地铁 318. survey . 调查,勘测
319. wealthy a. 富裕的 320. adjust v. 调整,调节
321. attach vt. 系,贴;使附属 322. profit n. 利润,益处;v. 有益于
323. profitable a. 有利可图的 324. slope n. 斜坡,斜面
325. reinforce vt. 增强,加强 326. reject vt. 拒绝
327. fatal a. 致命的;重大的 328. fate n. 命运
329. humble a. 谦逊的;谦虚的 330. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的
331. award vt. 授予,判给 n. 奖品,奖金 332. aware a. 意识到
333. column n. 柱,圆柱;栏,专栏 334. comedy n. 喜剧
335. dumb a. 哑的;沉默的 336. dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒
337. deaf a. 聋的;不愿听的 338. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜
339. principal a. 最重要的 n. 负责人,校长 340. principle n. 原则,原理
341. prior a. 优先的,在前的 342. priority n. 优先,重点
343. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准 344. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的 非

345. remedy . 补救,医治,治疗 346. repetition n. 重复,反复
347. vain a. 徒劳的,无效的 348. undertake vt. 承担,着手做;同意,答应
349. unique a. 唯一的,独特的 350. obstacle n. 障碍(物),妨碍
351. odd a. 奇特的,古怪的;奇数的 352. omit vt. 省略
353. opponent n. 敌手,对手 354. opportunity n. 机会,时机
355. orchestra n. 管弦乐队 356. semester n. 学期;半年
357. semiconductor n. 半导体 358. seminar n. 研讨会
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
359. terminal a. 末端的,极限的 n. 终点 360. territory n. 领土
361. approximate a. 大概的,大约 v. 近似 362. arbitrary a. 随意的,未断的
363. architect n. 建筑师 364. architecture n. 建筑学
365. biology n. 生物学 366. geography n. 地理(学)
367. geology n. 地质学 368. geometry n. 几何(学)
369. arichmetic n. 算术 370. algebra n. 代数
371. entertainment n. 娱乐;招待,款待 372. enthusiasm n. 热情,热心
373. entry n. 进入,入口处;参赛的人(或物) 374. enviroment n. 环境
375. episode n. 插曲,片段 376. equation n. 方程(式)
377. restrain vt. 阻止,抑制 378. restraint n. 抑制,限制
379. resume v. (中断后)重新开始 380. severe a. 严重的
381. sexual a. 性的
383. simplify vt. 简化
385. stuff n. 原料,材料 vt. 填进,塞满
387. temptation n. 诱惑,引诱
389. thrust v. 挤,推,插
391. arise vi. 产生,出现,发生;起身
393. burden n. 重担,负荷
395. marveous a. 奇迹般的,惊人的
397. mature a. 成熟的
399. minimum a. 最低的,最小的
401. nuclear a. 核子的,核能的
403. retail . 零售
405. restrict vt. 限制,约束
407. spur . 刺激,激励
409. tuition n. 学费
411. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生
413. universe n. 宇宙
415. vibrate v. 振动,摇摆
417. voluntary a. 自愿的
419. vote v. 选举 n. 选票
421. appoint vt. 任命,委派
423. appropriate a. 适当的
425. bundle n. 捆,包,束 vt. 收集,归拢
427. chaos n. 混乱,紊乱
429. display . 陈列,展览
431. erect a. 竖直的 v. 建造,竖立
433. fertile a. 肥沃的;多产的
435. grateful a. 感激的
437. horror n. 恐怖
439. Internet n. 国际互联网,因特网
441. interpretation n. 解释,说明
443. knot n. 结 vt. 把...打成结
445. lean vi. 倾斜,倚,靠
447. modify vt. 修改
449. onion n. 洋葱

382. simplicity n. 简单;朴素
384. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛
386. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的
388. terror n. 恐怖
390. treaty n. 条约,协定
392. arouse vt. 引起,激起;唤醒
394. bureau n. 局,办事处
396. massive a. 大的,大量的,大块的
398. maximum a. 最高的,最大的
400. nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动
402. nucleus n. 核
404. retain vt. 保留,保持
406. sponsor n. 发起者,主办者 vt. 发起
408. triumph n. 胜利,成功
410. twist vt. 使缠绕;转动;扭歪
412. universal a. 普遍的,通用的;宇宙的
414. via prep. 经由,经过,通过
416. virus n. 病毒
418. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿(做)
420. wagon n. 四轮马车,铁路货车
422. approach v. 靠近,接近 n. 途径
424. bunch n. 群,伙;束,串
426. ceremony n. 典礼,仪式
428. discount n. (价格)折扣
430. equivalent a. 相等的 a. 相等物
432. fax . 传真
434. fertilizer n. 肥料
436. gratitude n. 感激
438. horrible a. 可怕的
440. interpret v. 翻译,解释
442. jungle n. 丛林,密林
444. leak v. 漏,渗出
446. leap vi. 跳跃
448. nylon n. 尼龙
450. powder n. 粉末
27



































滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
451. applicable a. 可应用的,适当的 452. applicant n. 申请人
453. breadth n. 宽度 454. conservation n. 保存,保护
455. conservative a. 保守的 456. parallel n. 平行线;可相比拟的事物
457. passion n. 激情,热情 458. passive a. 被动的,消极的
459. pat v.n. 轻拍,轻打 460. peak n. 山峰,顶点
461. phenomenon n. 现象 462. reluctant a. 不情愿的,勉强的
463. rely vi. (on ,upon)依赖,指望 464. relevant a. 有关的,切题的
465. reliable a. 可靠的 466. relief n. 轻松,宽慰;减轻
467. reputation n. 名气,声誉 468. rescue vt.n. 营救
469. triangle n. 三角(形) 470. sequence n. 连续;顺序
471. shallow a. 浅的 472. shiver vin. 发抖
473. shrug v.n. 耸肩
475. sincere a. 诚挚的,真诚的
477. utilise vt. 利用
479. variation n. 变化,变动
481. applause n. 鼓掌,掌声
483. consent n. 准许,同意 vi (to)准许,同意
485. defect n. 缺点,缺陷
487. evolve v.演变
489. frown v.n. 皱眉
491. guarantee vt.n. 保证
493. jealous a. 妒忌的
495. liquor n. 酒,烈性酒
497. modest a. 谦虚道
499. orbit n. 轨道 v. (绕...)作轨道运行
501. particle n. 微粒
503. respond vi. 回答,答复;反应
505. sensible a. 明智的
507. tremble vi. 颤抖
509. trend n. 趋向,倾向
511. apparent a. 显然的,明白的
513. deposit n. 存款,定金 v.存放,储蓄
515. derive vt. 取得,得到;(from)起源于
517. missile n. 导弹
519. mist n.薄雾
521. notify vt. 通知,告知
523. resemble vt. 像,类似于
525. revenue n. 收入,岁入;税收
527. shield n. 防护物,盾 vt. 保护,防护
529. vitally ad. 极度,非常;致命地
531. urge vt. 鼓励,激励
533. usage n. 使用,用法
535. violent a. 强暴的
537. weed n. 杂草,野草
539. whatsoever ad. (用于否定句)任何
541. essential a. 必不可少的;本质的

474. signature n. 签名
476. utilify n. 功用,效用
478. utter vt. 说出 a. 完全的,彻底的
480. vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆
482. appliance n. 器具,器械
484. conquer vt. 征服
486. delicate a. 易碎的;娇弱的;精美的
488. evolution n. 演变,进化
490. frustrate vt. 使沮丧
492. guilty a. 内疚的;有罪的
494. jeans n. 牛仔裤
itre n. 升
498. molecule n. 分子
500. participate v. (in)参与,参加
502. particularly ad. 特别,尤其
504. response n. 回答,答复;反应
506. sensitive a. 敏感到,灵敏的
508. tremendous a. 巨大的;精彩的
510. trial n. 审讯;试验
512. appetite n. 胃口;欲望
514. deputy n. 副职,代表
516. descend v. 下来,下降
518. mission n. 使命;代表团
520. noticeable a. 显而易见到
522. notion n. 概念;意图,想法
524. reveal vt. 揭露
526. shelter n. 掩蔽处;住所
528. vital a. 重要的;致命的,生命的
530. urban a. 城市的
532. urgent a. 急迫的,紧急得
534. violence n. 强力,暴力
536. violet a. 紫色的
538. welfare n. 福利
540. whereas conj. 然而,但是,尽管
542. estimate . 估计,估量
28



































滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
543. 执行uate vt. 评估,评价 544. exceed vt. 超过,越出
545. exceedingly ad. 非常,极其 546. exclaim v. 呼喊,大声说
547. exclude vt. 把...排斥在外,不包括 548. exclusive a. 独有的,排他的
549. excursion n. 远足 550. flash vi. 闪光,闪耀
551. flee vi. 逃走 552. flexible a. 易弯曲的
553. flock n. 羊群,(鸟兽等)一群;一伙人 554. hardware n. 五金器具
555. harmony n. 和谐,融洽 556. haste n. 急速,急忙
557. hatred n. 憎恶,憎恨 558. incident n. 事件,事变
559. index n. 索引,标志 560. infant n. 婴儿
561. infect v. 传染 562. inferior a. 劣等的,次的,下级的
563. infinite a. 无限的 564. ingredient n. 组成部分
565. inhabitant n. 居民 566. jail n. 监狱
567. jam n. 果酱;拥挤,堵塞 568. jewel n. 宝石
569. joint a.连接的;共同的 570. junior a. 年少的;资历较浅的
571. laser n. 激光 572. launch vt. 发动,发起
573. luxury n. 奢侈;奢侈品 574. magnet n. 磁铁,磁体
575. male a. 男性的,雄的 576. female a. 女性的,雌的
577. manual a. 用手的,手工做的 n. 手册 578. manufacture vt.n. 制造,加工
579. marine a. 海的;海产的 580. mutual a. 相互的
581. naked a. 裸露的 582. negative a. 否定的,消极的
583. neglect vt. 忽视,忽略 584. origin n. 起源,出身
585. oval a. 椭圆形的 n. 椭圆形 586. outset n. 开始,开端
587. presumably ad. 大概,可能 588. prevail vi. 流行,盛行
589. quit v. 停止 590. quotation n. 引文,引语
591. recreation n. 娱乐活动 592. recruit vt. 招募,吸收(新成员)
593. rival n. 竞争对手,敌手 594. shuttle n. 梭子;航天飞机
595. skim vt. 搬(去),掠过;浏览 596. sketch n. 草图;梗概
597. slender a. 苗条的,修长的 598. theme n. 主题
599. textile n. 纺织品 600. tropical a. 热带的,炎热的
601. kneel vi. 跪 602. label n. 标签
603. merchant n. 商人 604. mere a. 仅仅的,只不过的;纯粹的
605. nuisance n. 令人讨厌的东西(或人) 606. numerrous a. 众多的,许多的
607. parade n. 游行 v. 列队行进 608. pants[pl.] n. 长裤;内裤
609. partial a. 部分的 610. passport n. 护照
611. prescribe vt. 开药,吩咐采用...疗法 612. primitive a. 原始的,早期的
613. ridge n. 脊,山脊,埂 614. ridiculous a. 可笑的,荒谬的
615. ridid a. 严格的;僵硬的 616. withstand vt. 经受,承受
617. witness n. 目击者;证据 vt. 注意到;证明 618. withdraw v. 收回,撤销
619. slippery a. 滑的 620. smash vt. 粉碎,打烂
621. snap . 折断,拉断;快照 622. software n. 软件
623. solar a. 太阳的 624. lynar a. 月的,月球的
625. submerge vi. 潜入水中 626. submit vi.(to)屈服,听从
627. timber n. 木材,原木 628. tissue n. 组织;薄纱,手巾纸
629. title n. 题目,标题 630. tone n. 语气,音调
631. drift vi. 漂,漂流 632. drip n. 滴
633. durable a. 耐用的,持久的 634. duration n. 持续,持续期间
29


滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
635. dusk n. 黄昏,薄暮 636. leather n. 皮革
637. legislation n. 法律,法规;立法 638. leisure n. 闲暇;悠闲
639. loose a. 松的,宽松的 640. loosen v. 解开,放松
641. earnest a. 认真的,诚挚的 642. earthquake n. 地震
643. echo n. 回音,回声 644. elaborate a. 精心设计的,复杂的
645. elastic n. 橡皮圈(带) a. 有弹性的 646. elbow n. 肘
647. electron n. 电子 648. volcano n. 火山
649. volume n. 卷,册;体积,容量 650. fatigue n. 疲劳,劳累
651. faulty a. 有错误的,有缺点的 652. favorable a. 称赞的;有利的,顺利的
653. favorite a. 特别受喜欢的 n. 喜爱的人或物 654. gallery n. 画廊
655. gallon n. 加仑 656. gap n. 间隔,差距
657. garbage n. 垃圾,废物
659. gear n. 齿轮,传动装置
661. lest conj. 唯恐,免得
663. liberal a. 自由的
665. licencelicense n. 许可证,执照
667. motivate vt. 激励,激发
669. generate vt. 生成,产生(光、热、电等)
671. genuine a. 真的,真诚的
673. germ n. 微生物,细菌
675. giant a. 巨大的 n. 巨人,巨物
677. glory n. 光荣,荣誉
679. golf n. 高尔夫球运动
681. oxygen n. 氧
683. household n. 家庭,户
685. holy a. 神圣地,圣洁的
687. hestiate v. 犹豫
689. hence ad. 因此,所以;今后,从此















658. gaze v. 凝视,注视
660. gene n. 基因
662. liable a. 可能的,大概的; (to)易于...的
664. liberty n. 自由
666. moisture n. 潮湿
668. motive n. 动机,目的
670. genius n. 天才,天赋
672. gasoline n. 汽油
674. gesture n. 姿势,手势
676. glimpse n. 一瞥,一看
678. glorious n. 光荣的,极好的
680. hydrogen n. 氢
682. hostile a. 敌对的,敌意的
684. hook n. 钩
686. hint n. 暗示,示意
688. highlight vt. 强调,突出
690. herd n. 兽群,牧群
30




















滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级

第三部分.四级阅读笔记

笔记(一):
一 、大纲的要求:对主体细节推理以及态度题有所把握,对阅读速度的要求:每分钟70个单
词。

二、四级文章本身的特点:
1、结构:
1)文科文章常有的一些结构
A、现象解释型(文章一开始给出一个现象然后对现象进行解释,一般都会在第一段的末
句是一个问句,段末是问号。就是要我们寻找回答,问题就是一个现象,我们就要寻找解释,
来做主题 。)解释即为文章的主题所在。常被考到的有:现象本身;解释;作者对解释的评
价。理科文章解释主题 常有两种方式:1)罗列式的2)用实验来解释主题
文中加引号的词,表明该词在原文中有特定的含义,表达并非最表面的意思
问题中出现了一开始就提到的现象时,答案通常针对文章主题。
B、问题解决方案型 (文章一开始给出一个问题,对问题给出一个解决方案。典型的文章:
2001年6月的第一篇文章。问 题—problem 第一问题本身考一道题,第二造成问题的原因是,
第三问题的解决方案是,第四作 者对解决方案的态度,正评价还是副评价,肯定还是否定。
思路比较固定,只要是解决方案一般都是不行 的。)
C、结论解释型(在文科文章的数量是最大的。文章一开始给出一结论,然后对结论进 行
解释,数量极多。)

2)理科文章的结构
A、现象解释 型(结构与文科文章不一样,理科文章首句出问号,常暗示指现象,有现象
就要寻找解释。)
B、问题解决方案型(成果型在理科文章里很多,2001-6)
C、实验型文章(文科文章 可以颠三倒四的把问题反复地说,理科文章一般比较客观,要
说明问题一般用实验来说。)

2、体裁:
以说明和议论为主。原因:四级和四级以上的文章具有的特征——academi c学术性的,学术
性的文章用记叙文说不清楚,只能用说明和议论。说明文:作者没有太多的观点,只给 出一
些数据和事实,让你自己去推理、综合。 启发:
1)、关注重点不同。对于说明文而言 注意文中的定义、概念、重要数据和细节。对于议
论文而言注意作者的结论和观点。主要是看作者支持什 么反对什么。

2)、文章的重心。四级文章无论说明议论,四级文章的重心一般靠 前。两种模式:A、
一根主线,一开始就摆出文章的主题。对一个方面进行具体论述。B、花开两朵,各 表一枝。
文章一开始就出现两个概念或者两个方面,文章论述两个方面一般答案里也包含两个方面。
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级

3)、句子结构复杂
常见的难句类型:
A、 多重复合句,重点是以it为形式主语的复合句。要很开地看出重心,主要注意抓
主干和断句。(主谓宾)
B、多重并列句,一般并列句可以用and来连接,另一种是肯定否 定形式的并列句,比如:
not……but , not only……but also, but 和but also 后面的才是作者强调的。
C、经典被动句
D、倒装句 典型结构主要是主系表结构倒装为表系主结构。方法:第一看系动词,第二看
第一个词,如 果第一个词有形容词性而又不修饰别的词,就肯定是个表语。一般是为了
强调表语,所以倒装。This is of great importance. 倒装为 : Of great importance
is …… of great 是形容词变名词。
E、双重否定=肯定
F、比较结构 more……than 在more之后才是重点 , less……than 在than后面的是重
点.
段首出现比较级一般都会出题的。

三、如何准备四级阅读
(一)、练习阅读方法,提高阅读速度。传统的三种方法:
(1)先看文章后作题。是用这种方法应注意三点:1、注意文章中心与作者基本观点,
即抓大 的放小的。 2、注意重要细节的位置,第一遍阅读时在了解主题之后知道某个东西在
哪里,胜过你知道 他是什么。3、阅读速度稍快。不能过分沉迷于原文,速度要快一点。
(2)先看问题再读文章 要抓对重点 适用于文章:1、难度较大的文章2、只包含一两
段的流水账文 章。流水账文章段落少层次感较差,可以先看题目看清问题,确定大概的位置。
(3)读一层意思做一道题,读文章做题交叉进行。本方法适用于:1、段落较多的文章 (二)、阅读速度较慢的同学。注意事项:1、每次阅读一小段或者一长段的一半;2、
阅读速度比 第一种阅读方法要稍慢一些,力求弄清本段意思;3、每次读新的内容之前,最好
把接下来要回答的问题 要先看一下。每篇文章为9分钟,读原文要5分钟,做题要4分钟。
(三)、注意不良的阅读习惯:1、逐词指读 正确方法要读意群;2、出声阅读;3、分
析句子结构 注意句子的主干,其他可以不看;4、熟悉体型 主题 (main mainly primary
primarily中心思想 写作目的 标题)细节(定位原文 关注考试原则)词意(包括指带 上
下文推断词义 词根 )推理(细节性推理题 infer题型 conclude题型)态度(表示态度的
首段 选项的含义);5、课外阅读 主要是看复旦大学和上海交大的书;6、授课内容与方式 对
阅读一般性了解,结合一篇文章讲一讲四级的阅读方法 细节题的导入。

笔记(二):
四级一般的阅读方法和做题方法概括四句话:1扫读题干关键词 2浏览原文作标记 3比
较选项得答案 4迅速排除省力气 其中核心是浏览原文作标记
可以标记的地方:1指示性的具体信息 如时间、人物、数字 2与文章结构有关的中心
信息 包括:主题句 转折词(but however yet出现这几个词的时候一般都会考到)其他标
记题号
考试原则:文章首句出现定义或者概念,通常就是主题; 出现转折必会考到, 主题在
末段的可能性接近于零;任何主题题型只要选项包含细节就直接错误,不管它有大多伟大 按
时间顺序阐述的文章主题通常在首末段,尤其是首段 ;
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细节题定为原则:细节出现多次,优先考虑首次定位;原文有个词,再在选项中弄一个
与其相类似的单词作干扰选项。
作词义题的方法:根据上下文确定同义或反义的关系,两个动词分不开的时候看主语
doubt or challenge ,一般的理科文章只要作者不是骂骂咧咧的,他的口气态度一般都是客
观的,出现 连串数字或者年代时常被考到。
流水账文章一般不考主题,一道题答案有疑问时,找特殊位置 ,找特殊语言现象。这篇
文章给我们的启发是文章中有些句子比其他句子要更加重要一些。重要局:有些 句子常被考
到位于特殊位置。主要包括三种:1)各段首句2)全文末句3)文中结论解释句 4)问句在
第一段首末常有意义,与主题挂钩。其他地方的问句大都是调侃的现场不要老分析它的意思。
一个选项有毛病主要是形容、词副词在作怪。
做那种四个选项哪个是对的题目,注意 :1)正确答案一般针对全文或者段落主题2)通
过排除得到正确答案

细节题题型:
一、做题步骤
1、根据问题中的关键词回原文定位。关键词 包括:1)一般为名词或名词词组2)优先
考虑的关键词:①专有名词,包括人名和带“”的词②数字、 时间③形容词和副词④比较或
因果语言现象
2仔细阅读包含关键词的句子,在本句、上下句寻找线索。
3、将包含线索的句子与选项进行 比较,对线索句进行同义替换的为正确答案。同义替换
有三种方式:①关键词替换②正话反说③语言简化

二、按照顺序寻找答案
由于细节题的排列顺序,一般对应原文的叙述顺序,所以一般按顺序寻找答案。

三、细解题错位的做题方法
列举原则:①原文连续提3-4项叫列举 ②列举这种语言现象常与except题型相对应 ③
问某一段没有提到什么,其他段落的内容通常成为正确答案。四级里分散列举比较少。
关于实验型文章:①在实验型文章中,通常可以根据问题中的动词定位 ②答案基本上按
顺序寻找。
实验型文章包括:①代表人物 ②实验目的 实验目的=主题=1。2段的目的不定式 ③实
验结果 有实验结果的句子一般被考到,其他的都是小细节。实验结果一般都是以动词来体现
的。实验型文章的试验目的一般相对确定,多次问试验目的一般都指向同一个结果。
四级考试中一般有五个表示试验结果的重要动词:find, show, identify, observe,
notice一般看到含有这几个词的句子要注意,通常看后面有没有类似的词出现 在问题中;反
之,看到问题中有这几个词的时候要到文章中找这几个词,这些都是近义词。
实 验型文章实验目的指向主题或目的不定式:第一段首末出现转折常与主体挂钩.文章中
没有主题句时,综 合各段首句,其中共有的词汇为本文的主题词。
问标题的基本思路:①寻找本文的主题词 ②注意选项范围的大小(不能过小不能过大)
问题中含有文中的主题词时,正确答案针对段落主题,在主题句中找。在四级中 when as if
这三个词,在问题中出现一个,就在原文中找没有when 就找as或者 if,条件句找条件句。
根据动词词组的副词确定意思,常见的副词有:①back 向后,阻挡 ②off 脱离③on 继续
④down 向下

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笔记(三):
文章比较难的学习方法:1、先找主题 2、学会这一类文章 的看法,这类文章的共同特点
是:语言难度高,背景较为复杂的文章。出题的方向有:①先看题目②抓重 要和特殊语言现
象③段落的论述通常从两个方面进行。

主题题型
一、有主题句
1、有主题句时,与主题句相对应的为正确答案
如何找主题句:主题 句具有总结性,一般位于文中三个地方:①全文首句(出现得最多);
②一段末句,一段末句出现转折或 结论时常出现主题;③第二段的一、二句,二段对一段进
行总结或否定时常出现主题。例如进行总结的文 章;进行否定的文章; In
2、文中没有主题句时,各段首句相加,其中共有的词汇为本文 的主体词,必须出现在主
题题型的正确答案中。
主题词的特征有:①一般为名词或名词词组;②出现频率较高;③一般位于段落首句。

二、根据语言提示寻找主题
1、根据文章结构确定主题,常见的结构有:①结论解释 型的文章,结论为主题所在。一
般首句是个判断句或者有态度时就常是结论,尤其是首句之后紧跟较长的 例子或细节时。
②现象解释型的文章,解释为文章主题所在。——问句出现在一段首末句,问句等于现 象。
回答就是主题。③问题解决方案型文章,解决方案为文章主题。2001年6月第一篇
2、文章首句中的主题名词,尤其是主语在后文被重复时,暗示首句为本文的主题句。

三、主题题型的变体
1、标题,本文最好的标题:①正确答案对应文章的主题词;②选 项范围要恰如其分;2000
年12月15题。
2、写过目的:①写作目的等于中心思 想;②文章中谈到困难或问题,包含下列动词的选
项优先考虑:warn,remind。

四、主题题型的正误选项的特征
1、正确选项必须包含文中的主题词;
2、错误选项主要有两种:①包含细节;②出现了原文中没有提到的内容。
文章中出现两个对立观 点时,作者可以明确支持其中一派;如果不明确支持其中一派,他的
态度一般是折衷的。

词义题题型
一、返回原文找到被考的词或短语

二、做题方法
①根据上下文确定同义或反义关系(寻找词性和语法功能相同的词,根据他们来确定意
思)
②根据词根或动词词组的副词判断意义,字面意思或大纲中的第一个意思通常不是答案

例证题题型
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1、例证题的总原则:问一个例子或类比的目的或原因,答案为该例子前后总结说明性的
话。
2、两种模式:①先总结,后例子答案往前找;给出例子时常有提示词:for example ,for
instance;②先例子后总结答案往后找;给出总结时常用提示词:therefore thus 等结论性
词汇。
3、三种情况:①全文性的例子,答案为本文的主题;② 段落性的例子,答案指向段落主
题句,在本段的首末句;③在没有标志词的情况下,问一个单词例证什么 ,通常等于问该单
词在句子中的意思;01-6-29例证题和指代题一样,比较干扰选项是比较不出来 的,选出正
确答案了就不要看其他的选项了。对于文章写的比较郁闷,作者观点不明确的文章,作者对< br>文中的问题一般表示关注。
因果原则:
1、隐性因果:即问题出现因果词,但原文找 到的句子没有因果词,一般集中与段落的前
两句;尤其是前一句是因后一句是果。
2、显性因果:①因果名词(在问题中有因果,在原文中也有因果):reason result basis
②因果动词:base on ,be due to , result from , result in ③因果连词或介词:because,
with, why , for, as ④因果副词:therefore , thus ,as a result 在文章中看见因果词
就要想到后面会考到;在选项中看到因果词,就要想到文中的因果现象。
如果文章中谈一个现实问题,解决方案一般不够完美,所以涉及解决方案的选项具有以
下特征才是正确 的:①目前解决方案不行;②需要继续寻找解决方案。2001-6-first
实验型文章实验目的 指向主题或目的不定式,对于实验性文章,实验代表人物有了,再看实
验目的,然后是实验结果,凡是与 这三点无关的句子都要快读。有时候有的段落没有题,没
有题的段落出现在选项里常常是干扰选项。选项 错误大多跟形容词和副词有关
文章的主题可以用两个方式来表达:①直接阐述作者的观点;②否定与作者相反、相对
立的观点。

推理题题型
1、问题中有线索时,根据线索找到原文相关句, 与相关句意思一致的为正确答案。所以
说不管题目中有imply include infer,只要 问题中有一个线索,比如:人名、地名、关键词,
就拿着这些词回原文找和原句一对应,就出来答案。
2、infer题,一般对应相应段落,否则对应文章主题。 此类题目一般题干光秃秃的没< br>有什么线索,这时我们应该看该题的位置,如果是文章开始,那就对应文章开始;出在2、3、
4 那就一般和234对应,最多错一个段落,否则就是对应文章主题;如果在最后的话,那优
先对应文章最 后。
3、推论(conclude)题: ①为第一题时,通常对应文章主题;②为2、3、 4题时,基
本上针对文章中间段落;③为最后一道题时,优先对应文章最后部分,有时也针对文章主题。
与主题有关的优先考虑。

总复习
1、利用两周左右的时间复习学过的内 容;包括:①总结所有错误题目的主要问题;②结
合文章消化做题方法;③归纳难词难句;
2、继续做题:①做题的进度,每周2-3个单元;②作题的遍数。真题作两遍。99年6
月以后的做两 遍研究一遍。(上海外语教育出版社《大学英语四级最新考题祥解》)③根据
上下文记忆词汇;(最后) ④模考;99-6、2001-6加上2002-1(最新刚考过的)的题目。 ux

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第四部分.完形填空做题技巧

一、完型填空
(一)做题技巧和步骤
I.做题步骤:1、通读全文,了 解文章大意;文章两种模式:总分、对比;2、初选答案
(排除法、优选法);3、寻找线索;4、回头 补缺;5、核实答案。
II.出题重点:
1.词语的辨析:
1)同义词; 2)反义词; 3)形近词;
形近词举例:Test 2
... or down frightening hillsides to towns __87__ in deep valleys.
87. A) lying B) laying C) laid D) lied
注:说谎:lie lied lied lying
躺:lie lay lain lying
放置,下蛋:lay laid laid laying
2.逻辑关系:
1)列举种属关系:
such…as; especially; in particular; specifically; for example; for instance; likely;
2)因果关系:
because (for); due to; owing to; thanks to; since; for; as; for the reason that; seeing
that;
3)并列递进:
besides; likewise; moreover; also; too; what’s more; apart from; except; furthermore;
not noly…but also….; in addition;
4)转折让步关系:
however; but; never the less; nonetheless; whereas; still; though; although; anyhow;
anyway; in any case; yet;
5)对比关系:
by contrast; in contrast; by comparison; like; as…as; on the contrary; conversely;
oppositely; ….than….;
逻辑关系举例1:Test 4
Sometimes homework is returned 76 brief written comments but without a grade.
76. A) by B) in C) for D) with
逻辑关系举例2:Test 2
The United States is well- known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get
from one place to another in the shortest possible time. __71__ these wide modern roads are
generally __72__ and well maintained, with __73__ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a
direct route is not always the most _ 75__ one.
71. A) Although B) Since C) Because D) Therefore
72. A) stable B) splendid C) smooth D) complicated
73. A) little B) few C) much D) many
74. A) selections B) separations C) series D) sections
75. A) terrible B) possible C) enjoyable D) profitable
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3.固定结构的识别:提高阅读的速度、对于内容有合理的预期、有利于总体把握文章:
either…or…; neither…nor…; too…to…; so…that…; not…until…; hardly…when…; no
sooner…than…; not only…but also…
固定结构举例:Test 3
76 geography books focus on a small area 77 a town or city. Others deal with a
state, a region, a nation. Or an 78 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole
earth. Another 79 to divide the study of 80 is to distinguish between physical
geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the 81 starts
with human beings and 82 how human beings and their environment act 83 each
other. but when geography is considered as a single subject, 84 branch can neglect the
other.
76. A) Some B) Many C) Most D) Few
77. A) outside B) except C) as D) like
81. A) second B) later C) next D) latter
2.搭配:
例如:a. + n.; ad. + v. take advantage of….; make use of….等;
3.动词用法:
1)主谓一致; 2)时态; 3)语态; 4)非谓语动词;
4.介词用法:
1)介词与名词; 2)介词与动词; 3)介词与形容词;































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第五部分.翻译经典练习

一、翻译经典练习(认真分析横线之间的翻译)
1.I have had great deal of trouble__keeping up with the rest of the class.__.(跟得上班上的其
他同学)
2._ none of us expected the chairman to turn up __(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party.
We thought he was still in hospital.
3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_ as was to be expected __(正如预料的
那样).
4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_an art as it is a science __(是一门科学,也
是一门艺术).
5. Some women _could have made a good salary._(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job
instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.
6.Over a third of the population was estimated__to have no access __(无法获得) to the health
service.
7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used__to students’ being late for __(习
惯了学生迟到) his lecture.
8. The price of beer__ rangesvaries from 50 cents to __(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter
during the summer season.
’d like __to reserve a table for __(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening.
10. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means__to make
trouble __(想找麻烦).
11. It may be necessary to stop__ at intervals __(每隔…时间) in the learning process and go
back to the difficult points in the lessons.
12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he __injure himself __(伤害自己).
did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was__ busy preparing for
__(忙着准备) her examination.
14. The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps__ had to be operated manually __(不得不
用手工操作) instead of mechanically.
15. Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I__ needn’t have borrowed it from the
bank.__(本来不必从银行借钱的)
16.By the time you get to New York, I__ shall have left for __(已经动身去) London.
17. Buying clothes__is often a very time-consuming job __(是一件很耗时的工作), because
those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.
18. It’s time__ something was donesome measures were taken __(采取措施) about the traffic
problem downtown.
19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon__ overcame itgot
over it _(克服了这种心理).
20. Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re__ in the way __(挡路了).
21.There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone __ had interrupted me
__(打扰我) that evening.
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22.__it is because she is too inexperienced __(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not
know how to deal with the situation.
I __ caught him cheating me __(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and
started dealing with another shop.
24. The manager would rather his daughter__ did not work in the same office __(不在一个办
公室内工作).
25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday__was finally called offcancelled
because of the bad weather __(最终因天气不好而取消了).
26.I___will be doingconducting the experiment __(将在做实验) from three to five this
afternoon.
27. How close parents are to their children__ has a strong influence on __(有很强的影响) the
character of the children.
28. But for his help, I __would not have finished so early __(我不可能这么早完成).
29. His remarks left me ___wondering about his real purpose __(想知道他的真实目的).
30. Mark often___ attempts to escape being fined __(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks
traffic regulations.
31.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to__ resort to force __(诉助武力).
32. The room is in a terrible mess; it __can’t have been cleaned __(肯定没打扫过).
33. Everybody knows he__was wrongly accusedcharged __(受到了冤枉指控).
34. He wears a pair of sunglasses__ for fear that he should be recognized __(惟恐被别人认出
来).
35. She never dreams of __ being sent abroad __(被派到国外).
36. If you won’t agree to our plan,__ neither will they __(他们也不会同意).
37. I should say Henry is __ not so much a writer __(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.
38. __ Believe it or not __(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.
39. If you don’t like to swim, you __ may just as well stay at home __(不妨待在家里).
40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you__ stain the new carpet _(弄脏
了新地毯).
41.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you __didn’t do anything __(不采取任何措施) about it for
the time being.
42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives___play indispensable roles
__(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.
43. John seems a nice person, __ Even so __(即使这样), I don’t trust him.
44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,__are being developed __(正在
研制) and perfected now.
45. What a lovely party! It’s worth__remembering all my life __(牢记一生).
46.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not__lose contact with __(失去联系) the
outside world.
47. Cancer is __second only to __(仅次于) heart disease as a cause of death.
48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have __ such fine weather __(这么好的天
气).
49. I would __have never resorted to _(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadn’t been so
desperate.
50. John cannot afford to go to the university, __ not to speak ofnot to mentionlet alone going
abroad __(更不用说出国了).
51.I don’t mind your__delaying making __(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not
too late.
52. I suggested he _should adapt himself to __(使自己适应)his new conditions.
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53. I have no objection___to hearing your story again __(再听听你的故事).
54. This popular sports car___is now being turned __(正在生产出来)out at the rate of a
thousand a week.
55. __ Could you take a blank sheet of paper? __(请你找张空白纸)and write your name at
the top?

第六部分.写作七类精彩句型

一、比较
advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
r, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...

二、原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...
Perhaps the primary factor is that …
But the fundamental cause is that ...

三、后果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is ...
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
4. Its consequence can be so great that...

四、批驳
1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
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5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...

五、举例
1) A good case in point is ...
2) As an illustration, we may take ...
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) ...is often cited as an example.

六、证明
1) No one can deny the fact that ...
2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4) Recent studies indicate that ...
5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...

七、开篇
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...






























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第七部分.写作必备模板和句型

(一)综合运用篇
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of
which is that….
随着社会的不断发展,出现了越来越多的问题,其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.
然而,对于此类问题,人们持不同的看法。
Hold different attitudes
持不同的看法(观点、态度)
Come up with different attitudes
有不同的看法
As society develops, people are attaching much importance to….
随着社会的发展,人们开始关注…………
People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting
求职的过程中,人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。
As to whether it is worthwhile ….., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural
that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.
关于是否值得________ ___的问题,一直以来争论不休。当然,不同的人对此可能持不同的观
点。
In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.
在都市的发展中,我们往往会陷入困境。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that….
最近,这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注,有人开始担心______________。
The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid
economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.
人类进入了一个 历史的崭新的阶段,经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快,随之给我们带来
了很多问题。
…… plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present
world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?”
_______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的 最大的问题,这是无可厚非的。不过,问题是:
“我们该如何抉择?”
Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges
现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。

(二)展现问题篇
问题的常用词:question, problem, issue
Recently, the issue of …… has been brought into public focus.
近来,_______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。
Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have
taken place in people’s attitude towards some traditional practice.
现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代,很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改
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变。
Recently the issue of whether or not … has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in
the public.
近来,是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
The issue whether it is good or not to …. has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.
______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。
At present, some people think ….while others claim …Both sides have their merits.
目前,一些人认为_______而另一些人则认为_______。其实,两种观点都其可取之处。
People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.
对于这种极具争议的话题,我们很难作出绝对的回答。
People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.
不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold
different attitudes towards the issue.
这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked …, some people think….. while some prefer…
说到______,有人认为________,而另一些人则认为__________。
Just as the saying goes: “so many people, so many minds”. It is quite understandable that views on
this issue vary from person to person.
俗话说,“”。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。
To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.
对于这个问题,不同的人持不同的观点。
Those who strongly approve of … have cogent reasons for it.
强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。
Many people would claim that…
有人会认为___________。
People who support … give some or all of the following reasons.
那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因:________。
But others hold the view that …但是,另外一些人则认为_______。
观点的用词:Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组:Take, have, come up with,set forth,
put forward等。
But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,.
不过,另一方面,也有少部分人坚持认为_______________。
But people who are …, on the other hand , maintain that…
不过,另一方面,________的人认为__________。
However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.
然而,很多人对此有不同的看法。
问题用词:Issue, phenomenon,后接介词, on, over等。
However, some others argue that… 然而,另一些人则认为_________。
However, there are also some others who contend that...
然而,也有人认为__________。
But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.
不过,对于此,另一些人则持完全不同的观点。
Some people examine this issue from another angle.
有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。
On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly …
另一方面,也有很多反对的人,他们认为_____________。
According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer … rather than…
根据我的个性以及兴趣,我选择_______而不会选择__________。
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Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion…
就我个人而言,我支持后者(前者)___________。
Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.
就我个人而言,我较同意前一种看法。
To my point of view 我认为
To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings)
我认为,优点胜过缺点。
For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that..
就我而言,我较赞同后一种观点________________。
As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.
在我看来,我较同意后一种观点。
After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that…
经过深思熟虑,我较支持后一种看法,亦即________________________。
If asked to make a decision, I would prefer…
如果真的需要作出选择,我宁愿____________。
Taking into consideration both sides of the issue, I tend to favor the latter view..
比较两种观点进行比较,我较同意后一种观点,亦即_________________。
When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to …
对两种观点进行综合考虑之后,我较认同_________________。
If it is up to me to make a choice between … and … I would rather choose … over…
如果要我在____和____之间进行选择,我宁愿选择_____而不会选择______。
I would have to say that, if I were faced with the decision, I would follow ….
我需要说的是,如果要我抉择,我会____________。
At the risk of sounding too direct , I prefer to…
虽然可能过于直接,不过,我还是选择____________。
表达不确定的用词:May, seem, be likely to, possible, probably, perhaps, be said that, be said to…

























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第八部分.综合技能训练

倒装句
一、倒装句
1. So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此…以至于…)
【例】So precious is time that we can not afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。
这是四级考试作文部分经常用到的一个套句,也是我们 在第一部分要学习的第一种句型—
—倒装句。我们注意到这个句子的谓语动词“be”放到的了主语的前 面,这种句子成分顺序
和标准句型不一致的句型就是倒装句。倒装(The Inversion),一 般来说是一种较正式的句
型,能考查考生的英文写作水平。在文章的开头用倒装句你的文章会因此而添色 不少,也是
写应试作文获取高分的亮点之一,所以我们一定要学会正确地使用它,恰当地用来阐述自己< br>的观点。
2、adj. + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S. + V. + …(虽然…)
【例】Rich as our country is, our quality of life is by no means satisfactory.
虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质却不是令人满意的。
v by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不
3. On no account can we + V. + …(我们绝对不能…)
【例】On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
4、倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(complete inversion)。
【例】Then began a bitter war between the two countries. 于是两国之间开始了
恶战。只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(partial inversion)。
At no time can the entrance be left unguarded. 入口需要随时有人把守。

二、四级必考句型
(1) Among the disadvantages that may bring to are that + S. + V., making
+ n. + adj.
【分析】有时候,为了强调“介词 + 宾语”结构,我们把它置于句首,此时句子需要 全
部倒装,在本句中我们把谓语动词“are”放在了主语结构“that…”的前面。Among the
disadvantages that cars may bring to our lives are that we could spend more time in
traffic jams and we would likely spend more money on operation and maintenance fees,
making our schedules tighter and our pockets lighter!
(2) With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes the
possibility that
【分析】句中的定语从句“out of which comes the possibility…”是完全倒装句。With
these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes the possibility
that natural resources will be fully cherished.
(3) There is a real possibility that , should there be a .
【分析】Should there be a…是省略if并部分倒装的将来时虚拟条件句。还原后为:If
there should be a… There is a real possibility that we can solve this problem
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completely, should there be cooperation among all parties involved.
(4) never, hardly, seldom, rarely, not, until…,scarcely, in no case(不管怎样也
不),in no way(不管怎么也不),by no means(决不),on no account(不论什么原因
也不),at no time(无论什么时候也不)等否定词放在句首时,句子要倒装。By no means
shall we cease to protect our environment.
(5) It was very late. Exhausted though she was, there was no hope of her being able
to fall asleep.
【分析】从属连词as和though也可以用于让步状语从句中 。这种从句必须以形容词(或
形容词化的分词)、名词或动词原形开头,主句必须位于从句之后。
1) Small as a bicycle is, it can bring a lot of convenience to our lives.
2) Foolish though he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals. (他看
起来样子傻傻的,可似乎总是能提出最聪明的建议。)
3) Try as you may, you will never succeed. (你尽管可以试,但决不会成功)。

三、练习
A、翻译
1. 至于计算机化的影响,没有什么地方比银行能更清楚地看到其成果。
2. 要不是来自政府的及时投资,我们的公司不会像现在这样繁荣昌盛。
3. 只是过了一年,我就开始看到我工作的成绩。
4. 该组织没有违反规章,但是它也没有负责任地认真工作。
5. 几乎每个月都有消息报道调查中国公民中科学教育文盲问题的严重性。
6. 打算离婚的父母没有很好 地培养孩子应对将要到来的危机的能力,他们也没有向孩子们作
出很有必要的保证:会有人照顾你们的。
7. 虽然他聪明机智,也觉得解决这个问题很难。
8. 她不仅学习刻苦,而且很有礼貌。
9. 树下坐着的人,是我见过的最高大的人之一。
10. 只有当研究者获得充分的数据,他们才能得出一个正确的结论。
【参考答案】
1. As for the influence of computerization, nowhere have we seen the results more
clearly than in the bank.
2. Had it not been for the timely investment from the government, our company would
not be thriving as it is.
3. Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work.
4. The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly.
5. Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of
scientific illiteracy among Chinese citizens.
6. Parents planning to divorce do not sufficiently prepare their children for the
coming crisis, nor do they provide them with the necessary assurances that they
will be cared for in the aftermath.
7. Clever and resourceful though he was, he found more than a little difficulty solving
the problem.
8. Not only was she a hard worker, but she was also very polite.
9. Under a tree was sitting one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
10. Only when the researchers have obtained sufficient data can they come to a sound
conclusion.
B. 改错
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1. Scarcely they had settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain
went up.
2. Under no circumstances we should do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm
the interests of the state.
3. Not until an infant hedgehog(刺猬)opens its eyes it leaves its nest to follow
its mother about.
4. Down jumped was the burglar from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his
pistol at him.
5. Most of his classmates agree with the opinion that bad as he is,but he has his
good points.
6. Not until have I passed the examination will I be able to go out
to parties.
7. Not only the student disturb the authority of the older generation he can threaten
the social system as a whole.
8. No fewer than one thousand people did come here to attend the competition.
9. We had hardly arrived when does she started crying to go home.
10. No sooner had he drunk the coffee when he began to feel drowsy.
【参考答案】
1. they had—had they 2. we should—should we 3. it leaves—does it leave
4. 去掉was 5. 去掉but 6. have I—I have
7. only后加does 8. did come—came 9. 去掉does
10. when—than

四、伟人伟招
1. 英勇无畏式
Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. (Marie Curie)
生活中没有什么可怕的东西,只有需要理解的东西。(居里夫人)
【点评】这句话可用于提出问题的解决方法,比如说关于“global shortage of fresh
water”,在提到如何应对时,不妨说:Famous scientist Marie Curie once said, “Nothing
in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood.” In the same ways, once we
understand the causes of this phenomenon, we can confidently believe that we will
solve the problem with the following means.

2. 热情无限式
A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm.(C.
M. Schwab)
只要有无限的热情,一个人几乎可以在任何事情上取得成功。(施瓦布)
【点评】用法和上句类似。

3. 理想远大式
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and also the determination
to attain it. (Goethe)
人生重要的在于确立一个伟大的目标,并有决心使其实现。(歌德)
【点评】我们可以从歌德的话语里面,学到一个很好的句型:The important thing is to…,
不妨进一步学一个四级里面另两个更受欢迎的句型:(1) Nothing is + (adj).er than to +
V. + … Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V. + … 【例】Nothing is more
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important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。(2) What a + adj.
+ n. + S. + V.!= How + adj. + a + n. + V.!(多么…!) What an important thing it is
to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是
多么重要的事!

五、实践与提高
用下列给出的句型造句:
1. The narrator may be right about…, but he neglects to mention he fact that…
2. As opposed to widely held beliefs, I believ that…
3. Although many people believe that…, I doubt whether the argument holds up to much
analysis .
4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we could gain from A.
5. Although it is commonly held that…, it is unlikely that…
6. There is an element of truth in this argument , but it ignores a deeper and more
basic fact that…
7. It is true that …, but that is not to say that…
8. The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant of the basic fact that…
9. It would be natural to think that…, but it would be absurd to claim that…
10. In all the discussion and debate over…, one important fact is generally
overlooked

强调句
一、强调句精彩套句展示
It is universally acknowledged that + 句子(全世界都知道…)
是一个在四级作文里面用来阐述观点的经典句型,用词也很出色。
It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知
道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
It is…that + 句子…构成强调句型(The Emphatic Pattern)
英语常用的强调结构是“It iswas+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+ who(that) …”。
一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时,用that;在美国英语中指事物时常用w hich
来代替that。
与之类似的常用句型还有:
It is conceivable that + 句子(可想而知的)
It is obvious that + 句子(明显的)
It is apparent that + 句子(显然的)
It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而
知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二、语法精讲
1. 简介
(1) 一般情况用It is (was)…that (who)…,指人时,用who;指物时,用that。
我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、表语、时间状语和地点状语等。如:
He read three books in the library yesterday.(正常句子)
It was he who read three books in the library yesterday.(强调主语)
It was three books that he read in the library yesterday.(强调宾语)
It was in the library that he read three books yesterday.(强调地点状语)
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
(2) 强调状语或定语时,只用that,不用when、where,如:
It is at 5 o’clock that the train will arrive.
(3) 被强调的部分是主语时,注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如:
It is he who is late.
It is they who were late.
(4) 一般疑问句的强调句为“Is (was) it + that…?”;特殊疑问句为:“特殊疑问词+ is
(was) +it +that…?”结构。如:
Was it ten years ago that his father died?(他的父亲是十年前去世的吗?)
When is it that you will set off?(你到底什么时候出发?)
(5)“not…until…”句型的强调结构为“It is not until…that…”应注意把否定词
not转移到until前面。如:
I didn’t go home until the rain stopped.(直到雨停了我才回家)。
强调句为:It was not until the rain stopped that I went home.
I didn’t know the news until yesterday.(直到昨天我才知道那个消息)
强调句为:It was not until yesterday that I knew the news.

2. 四级必考套句学习
(1) It is the responsibility of to do sth.
【分 析】注意,从形式上看该句子很像强调句型,而实际上并非如此,因为句中it是形
式主语,动词不定式 作实际主语。
It is the responsibility of every citizen in our society to do his utmost to
protect the environment.
(2) It is the , I suppose, that havehas given rise to .
【分析】该强调句型强调句子主语,I suppose作 为插入语。这是一个很好掌握的四级
长句,在作文中需要分析原因时,可以用它阐述自己的看法。
It is the tighter job market, I suppose, that has given rise to the increase
in the number of unemployed college students in China.
(3) It is only when that .
【分析】强调句型强调when引导时间从句。
It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how
much you value him.

三、练习与进步
A. 翻译
1. 直到最后一刻,我才得知事情的传闻。
2. 他是否接受我的观点,我并不在乎。
3. 我不应干预此类事。
4. 在拥挤的公交车上抽烟,是不礼貌的行为。
5. 爱迪生是位真正的天才,这是不容置疑的。
6. 直到他走进教室,才意识到忘了做家庭作业。
7. 在我们家,饭前洗手是每个人的习惯。
8. 一个人应该精读一门,博览各科。
9. 她觉得回复这封信,是她应尽的责任。
10. 大多数年轻人都认为过轻松不用努力的生活是最好的,这是令人遗憾的事。

【参考答案】
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
1. It was at the eleventh hour that I got wind of what was going on.
2. It does not matter whether he accepts my opinions or not.
3. It is not my place to interfere in such affairs.
4. It is impolite behavior to smoke in a crowded bus.
5. It is undeniable that Edison was a genius in the truest sense of the word.
6. It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized he had forgotten
to do the homework.
7. In our home it is a rigid rule for each person to wash his hands before eating.
8. It is wise to read everything about something and something about everything.
9. She felt it incumbent upon her to answer the letter at once.
10. It is to be regretted that the majority of young people should look upon an
.............
effortless life as the highest good.
B. 改错
1. It is she which I think is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.

2. There is an old saying which says, “Great oaks from little acorns
grow.”
3. It is in the park which they’ll take a picnic.
4. It is believed which the earliest feature of chronic bronchitis is
excessive secretion from the mucous glands and goblet call.
5. It is one of his peculiarities that no incident ever happens to him
that without teaching him some valuable lesson.
6. It is an error to suppose which the public is indifferent or unable
to understand the problems of religion and philosophy.
7. It is wrong to accuse a person of a crime that you have evidence
that he may be guilty.
8. It be reasonable to receive extra pay for extra work.
9. It is very difficult that you haven’t sufficient data to solve the
problem.
【参考答案】
1. which—who 2. which—that 3. which—where 4. which—that
5. 去掉him后面的that 6. which—that 7. that—unless
8. be—is 9. that—when

四、伟人伟招
1. 百折不挠式
We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.
(Martin Luther King, Jr.)
我们必须接受失望,因为它是有限的,但千万不可失去希望,因为它是无穷的。(马丁·路
德·金)
【点评】该句为马丁·路德·金生命的体验,我们在作文中谈到某种麻烦的解决方法时,
借用过 来妙不可言。另外We must do…, but we must never…用于观点的转折或者递进效
果很好。

2. 深入生活式
Genius is formed in quiet, character in the stream of life. (Goethe )
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
天才形成于平静中,性格来自于生活的激流。(歌德)
【 点评】歌德之才,恐非我辈能及,但大师的语言却给我们无穷的灵感。表示“形成”
记着用“is formed in”,简单之处见真章。

五、实践与进步
用下列给出的句型造句:
1. There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that…
2. Logical as this argument is, and I whole- heartedly agree with it, it appears
insignificant when… is taken into consideration .
3. To assume that… is far from infallible .
4. A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy it
is.
5. On the surface , it may seem a sound suggestion , but
with careful consideration , we find that…
6. Too much emphasis placed on … may obscure other facts, including
that…
7. The danger is that…
8. What the narrator fails to understand is that…
9. We don’t have to look very far to see the truth of this
argument .
10. However just this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the
problem


省 略 句
一、四级精彩套句展示
It is necessary that effective actions be taken to prevent this problem.
省略,在语言中,尤其在对话中是 一种常见的现象,它可以使语气明了。英语里被省略
部分一般可以在句子中补上。本句是省略shoul d的虚拟语气,完整句为It is necessary that
effective actions should be taken to prevent this problem. 这种对虚拟语气的省略在
四级作文句子里面广为存在,
又如:It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on focused
on) finding (developing improving)…中的should也可省略。

二、语法精讲
1. 简介
句子中的某一成分省略的现象,在语言当中广泛存在, 汉语当中也有。比如:一班的学
生比二班的多。本句中在“二班的”后面就省略了“学生”一词,因为根 据语境,该词我们
已经可以推理得知,在语言中为了避免麻烦,将其省略。
大家可能 会说:“四级考试中我就担心字数凑不够,为什么还要学习省略呢?”字数的问
题确实是我们必须面对的 问题,但并不是四级考核的惟一标准。省略句的合理利用,会起到
事半功倍的效果。首先,启用省略句虽 然在字数上吃了点小亏,但是可以让句子更精炼流畅,
可谓舍一而得十;另外,很多考生为了凑字数,啰 里啰嗦,让评卷老师味同嚼蜡,这时你的
省略句就可能会如一缕春风,好处自不用多言。

2. 四级必考句型
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
(1) Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to .
【分析】本句中tried后的宾语可根据后半句的语义推测得知,所以可以省略,避免重
复。
Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to find perfect
solutions.
(2) , be it , will bring a lot of happiness into our lives.
【分析】本句是一个超难句型,中间一节省略了whether和might,并进行了倒装,将
“be it”恢复后应为whether it might be。Be it…,可译为“比方说”,用来给出更多细
节。
The application of electric power, be it to light our rooms or to listen to music,
will bring a lot of happiness to our lives.
(3) Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though to go out of
the office.
【分析】as though引导方式状语从句,谓语常用虚拟语气,本句中主句的主语与从句的
主语相同,故从句中的主语和谓语省略,即省略了she wanted;如果补全,即为:as though
she wanted to go out of the office.

三、练习与进步
A. 翻译
1. 因为项目任务十分艰巨,这个项目需要的劳动力比我们已经投入的要多。
2. 虽然Dave Mitchell在旧金山长大,但他总是更喜欢记录小镇生活的平淡事实。
3. 就像土壤是地球的一部分一样,大气也是地球的一部分。
4. 没有人会有时间去读或听讲述世界发生的每一件事情。
5. 他的衣服很宽大,好像是为比他个子大一倍的人裁剪的。
6. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。
7. 每个人能够走钢丝而没有一丝畏惧的,除非他从小就训练过。
8. 不管付出多大的代价,他都会坚持他认为正确的。
9. 他经常坐在一间小酒吧里喝酒,喝得太多了,不利于他的身体。
10. 尽管相对贵一些,但是这个发动机效率更高,而且不需要经常维修。

【参考答案】
1. The project requires more labor than has been put in because it is extremely
difficult.
2. Though raised in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record
the plain facts of small- town life.
3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so too is the atmosphere.
4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything that is
going on in the world.
5. His suit hung loosely as if tailored for someone twice his size.
6. A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog.
7. No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless trained very young.
8. He stands up for what he thinks right, whatever the personal cost.
9. He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more wine than was good for
his health.
10. Even though relatively costly, the engine is highly efficient and
infrequently needs servicing.
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
B. 改错
1. A programmed computer begins to show on its screen the figures
you need when is switched on.
2. No one, at any rate no English writer, has written about
childhood life in a way more poignant than Dickens was.
3. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of
patients do not taken drugs as directed, lowering the effectiveness of
the drugs significantly.
4. Layer upon layer of deep snow means that, when it melted,
the snow-water would be pure, not salty as sea -ice would be.
5. All these projects require continuous spending on new equipment
and new development if they are to serve properly, and require more
money than is raised through taxes alone today.
6. You spent more money than was intended to spend.
7. To understand the situation completely require more thought
that has been given thus far.
8. We can observe small things clearly under a microscope
because it makes them appear larger as they really are.
9. In debating, one must correct the opponent’s falsehoods, deny
the relevance of his proof, and deny that which he presents as proof,
even if relevant, is sufficient.
10. Yet these old controversies give no less revealing insight on the
minds of our grandfathers than do the major issues of the last century.

【参考答案】
1. is去掉 2. was—did 3. taken—take 4. it去掉
5. is—is being 6. spend—be spent 7. require—requires 8. as—
than
9. which—what 10. on—into

四、伟人伟招
1. 以退为进式
On earth there is nothing great but man; and in man there is nothing great but
mind. (Hamilton )
世界上,没有什么比人更伟大,而对于人来说,没有什么比精神更伟大。
【点评】在 你考试写作文时,也可以用这种方式来分步把你的观点说出来,这种句子体
现了一种智慧上的美。另外n othing but…(只有…)句型我们要熟练掌握。
I have nothing but compassion for your situation.
Nothing but determination will get us through this.

2. 精力无穷式
Live as though you intend to live forever, and work as though your strength were
limitless. (S. Bernhardt )
要这样生活,仿佛你寿命永恒;要这样工作,仿佛你精力无穷。(波恩哈特)
【点评】是个很 生动的句型,很有文学魅力,可以背会用来鼓励大家努力。用在最后一
段的开头,可以画龙点睛。
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级

3. 前轻后重式
Don’t believe that winning is really everything. It’s more important to stand
for something. If you don’t stand for something, what do you win? (Lane Kirkland )
不要认为取胜就是一切,更重要的是要有信念。倘若你没有信念,那胜利又有什么意义
呢?(柯克兰)
【点评】这是正反论述文的经典句型。前面的观点是你反对的,后面的是你所支持的。
例如在文 章的最后一段可以这样写:Don’t be afraid that we won’t succeed in solving
this problem; it is more important to know we are doing our best. 这样,20多个单
词就毫不费力地写出来了。

五、实践与进步
将下面的句子补充完整
1. Although the popular belief is that…, a current study indicates
that…
2. Common sense tells us that…
3. The increase in… mainly results from …
4. The increase in… is due to the fact that…
5. Many people would claim that…
6. One may attribute the increase to…, but… is not by itself an adequate
explanation.
7. One of the reasons given for… is that…
8. What is also worth highlighting is that…
9. There are many causes for this dramatic growth in….
First, …
Second,… Finally,…
10. There is no evidence to suggest that…


并 列 句
一、四级精彩套句展示
I like traveling, and I will do my best to share the fun of traveling with others.
同学们总是习惯写简单句,把句子写成了:I like traveling. I will do my best to share
the fun of traveling with others .而四级考试要求大家多写长句,and…结构就是一个简
单好用的长句结构。只要把两个主语一样的句 子间的句号改成逗号,再加上and就可以了。
有时还可以把后一句的主语省略。例如:It appears mysteriously and spreads
spontaneously in many different forms.
以and, or, but等连接的简单句,掌握熟练的话,会让我们的文章流畅自然。

二、语法精讲
1. 简介
并列句是英语中广泛存在的一种句型,其特点是用表示并列关系 的连词将两个独立的句
子联系起来。主要用or和and来连接。

2. 四级必备套句
(1)Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination. 努力
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
工作,你就能实现你的最终目标。
【分析】“命令式+a nd”在表示条件时,表示“你要…才会…”的意思。在写作里面可以
用来提出建议。“名词+and” 句式有时也可以用来表示条件,如:One more effort, and you
will be successful.
(2)Study hard, or you will fail to pass the exam. 如果你不努力学习,你将无
法通过考试。
【分析】“命令式+or”句式表示“你要…否则…”或“否则的话”等意思。

三、练习与进步
A. 翻译
1. 说话大声点,教室里的学生才能听到你讲的内容。
2. 你要早点出发,这样才能提前到达那里。
3. 要是你违反了法律,你将会被警察逮捕。
4. 轻点儿走,否则你会弄出声响儿吵醒婴儿。
5. 仔细点儿读这本书,否则你将无法理解其主题思想。
6. 如果再来一次这样的暴风雨,所有的庄稼都将被毁。
7. 说曹操,曹操就到。
8. 快点,否则你要迟到了。
9. 快点走,否则就赶不上早班车了。
10. 努力学习,你就能够通过这次考试。

注意:“命令式+and”表示条件时,表示“你要…才会…”的意思;“命令式+or”句式 表
示“你要…否则…”或“否则的话”等意思;同时,要注意“名词+and”句式有时也可以用
来表示条件。这三种类型有一个共同特点就是and或or后面的从句要用一般将来时态。
【参考答案】
1. Speak louder, and every student in the classroom will able to hear you.
2. Start early, and you will arrive ahead of schedule.
3. Violate the law, and you will be arrested by the police.
4. Walk slightly, or you will make a noise and wake the baby.
5. Read the book more carefully, or you will not understand the main idea.
6. One more such storm and all the crops will be totally destroyed.
7. Talk of the devil, and he will appear.
8. Please, quickly, or you will be late.
9. Walk quickly, or you will not catch the early bus.
10. Study hard, and you will pass the examination.
B. 改错
1. Speak more loudly, and you won’t be heard by others.
2. Write quickly, and you won’t finish the composition in time.
3. Work hard, or you will pass the English examination.
4. Read one more, or you will catch the meaning.
5. Admitting your faults, or you will be punished.
6. Read philosophy books, and you will be benefit from them
sooner or later.
7. Think it over, or you will find the solution to the problem.
8. Do the morning exercise, and you will benefit in it.
9. Work hard, and you will successful one day.
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
10. Write neatly and clearly, or you will give your teacher a
good impression.
【参考答案】
1. and—or 2. and—or 3. or—and 4. or—and 5. Admitting—
Admit
6. be去掉 7. or—and 8. in—from 9. will—will be 10. or—and

四、伟人伟招
1. 向前看,向右看式
Life can only be understood backwards, but it must be lived forwards.
(Kierkegaard )
只有向后看才能理解生活;但要生活好,则必须向前看。(克尔凯郭尔)
【点评】写四级文章时,这句话用来在原因段和解决问题段之间承上启下,确是个完美
的选择。

2. 匹夫有责式
No man is useless in this world who lightens the burden of someone else.
(C. Dickens )
在这个世界上能为别人减轻负担的人都是有用的。(狄更斯)
【点评】该句用来论述个人应该为社会减负的问题时,可谓是恰到好处。

五、实践与进步
将下面的句子补完整
1. Why are …? For one thing, … For another, …
2. Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that…
3. It gives rise to a host of problems.
4. There are numerous reasons why…, and I shall explore here only a few of the
most important ones.
5. It will exert profound influence on…
6. A multitude of factors could account for the change in…
7. In 1999, it increased from 5 to 10 percent of the total .
8. By comparison with 1998, it decreased from 10 to 5 percent .
9. … account(s) for 15 percent of the total.
10. There were 100 traffic accidents in April, and an increase of 5 percent in
a five-month period.
By 1999, only three quarters of college- aged were against…,
(as compared with) last year , the same population preferred to (liked)…


句子的连接
一、四级精彩句型展示
1. The reason why + 句子 … is that + 句子(…的原因是…)
这是在四级考试里面用 得很多的一个定语从句句型,通过why把两个句子联系起来,
why后的句子作为从句是the reason的定语。
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh
air.
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
类似的还有those who结构,如:
Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的
人应该受处罚。
2. Since the time that + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成时。
该句型用since一词将两个句子联系起来,表示一种时间关系。
Since the time that he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中,他一直很用功。
连接在写作中是很重要的,就像自行车的链条,它的好坏会直接影响速度和行驶距
离。连接于写作就如我 们身体的水,没有水就没有生命,没有好的连接,相应的也不会有精
彩的作文问世。

二、语法精讲
1. 简介
连接手段(The connective)一般包括连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词和
关系副 词。连接手段是一个很宽泛的概念,概括了复合句、定语从句、状语从句等。建议大
家结合本系列丛书的 《词汇·语法·完形填空分册》中的从句讲解进行学习。

2. 四级必备套句
(1) 主语+谓语(过去进行时成过去完成时)+其他成分+when+主语+谓语(一般过去
时)+其他成分
【分析】该句型中when引导的分句表示分句行为发生的突然性,when常译为“就< br>在这时”,该句在记叙文的写作中经常用到。
On a rainy day I was driving on the Street of Eternal Peace when I noticed
a young man holding up a sign that read “Frank”. 在一个下雨天,我正驾车通过长安
街,就在这时我突然注意到 一个年轻人举着一块牌子,上面写着“弗兰克”。
(2) No one everything that is going on in the world.
【分析】“that is going on in the world”是定语从句,修饰everyth ing,当先
行词是everything等不定代词时,关系代词要用that。这句子在阐述原因时 是个很有效的
句子。
No one has time to read an account of everything that is going on in the world.
没有一个人会有时间去阅读介绍世界上正在发生的每一件事情。(在论述有选择 性的阅读的重
要性时)
(3) rather than…, we should…
【分析】“rather than”意为“而不是”或“没有去”。
Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness, we should focus on the
improvement of parts of ourselves.
类似的还有other than(=except)除了(表示所说的不包括在内)。
He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. 他除了向我要东西,
从不跟我说话。
She has no close friends other than me. 她除了我以外从没有别的好朋友。

三、练习与进步
A. 翻译
1. 那位演讲者声称,没有哪个现代国家像中国那样在公共事业资助和保健方面投入
其财富的比例如此之小。
2. 如果将睡觉的人一开始进入梦乡就叫醒,即使他们的睡眠总量是足够的,他们也
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很可能变得烦躁易怒。
3. 虽然他很喜欢她,但确实有时他也对她发火。
4. 水将继续保持它今天的地位——在重要性方面仅次于氧。
5. 社会保障退休计划是由两笔信托基金组成的,其中数额较大的一笔基金到来年可
能会分文不值。
6. 做家庭作业是提高考试成绩的可靠方法,在课堂测试中更是这样。
7. 这个城市中有100多所夜校,这使专业人员能得到进修,不管他是从事什么工作
的。
8. 从这些数字的比较中可以看出,病人积极配合治疗是改善其病情的重要原则。
9. 加利福尼亚的阳光多得它不知怎么处理,但其他东西却很贵。
10. 谁想要这本词典,我就给谁。
【参考答案】
1. The speaker claimed that no other modern nation devotes so small a portion
of its wealth to public assistance and health as does China.
2. If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream phrase of sleep,
they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been
sufficient.
3. Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes.
4. Water will continue to be what it is today: second in importance to oxygen.
5. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, the
larger of which could go penniless by next year.
6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this
is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.
7. There are over 100 night schools in this city, making it possible for a
professional to be reeducated no matter what he does.
8. As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves
the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.
9. California has more light than it knows what to do with but everything
else is expensive.
10. I’ll give this dictionary to anyone who wants to have it.
B. 改错
1. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book
for me if only she could remember who last borrowed it.
2. Prof Lee’s book will show you how that you have observed can
be used in other contexts.
3. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting until you
don’t mind taking the night train.
4. Most electronic devices of this kind, that are manufactured
for such purposes, are packaged tightly.
5. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of
obtaining water is not the least.
6. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe but that
it provides the building blocks from which other elements are produced.
7. That it is generally accepted, economic growth is determined
by the smooth development of production.
8. There are over 100 night schools in this city, making it possible
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for a professional to be reeducated no matter how he does.
9. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,
and this is especially true since it comes to classroom tests.
10. Granted that we had all the materials ready, we should begin
the new task at once.
【参考答案】
1. if only―only if 2. that后加what 3. until―provided 4. that―as
5. of―of which 6. but―in 7. That―As
8. how―what 9. since―when 10. had―have

四、伟人伟招
1. 摔倒了再爬起来式
Our greatest glory consists not in never falling but in rising every time
we fall. (O. Goldsmith)
我们最值得自豪的不在于从不跌倒,而在于每次跌倒之后都爬起来。(哥德斯密斯)
【点评】该句可以用于一些关于社会问题的文章。虽然我们犯了错误,产生了问题,
但是我们要做的是“ 爬起来”做点事情来补偿。

2. 有缺而无憾式
To be without some of the things you want is an indispensable part of happiness.
(Russell )
有些东西你想要而没有,这是幸福不可缺少的一部分。(罗素)
【点评】“…is an indispensable part of….”,这个句型我们可以借鉴。

3. 没有条件,创造条件也要上式
The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for
circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them. (Bernard Shaw)
在这个世界上取得成功的人,都努力去寻找他们 想要的机会,如果找不到时,他们
就自己创造机会。(萧伯纳)
【点评】这几个小短语的连用很显英文实力,“get on, get up and look for”简
单但组合后却很不一般,这个句子是个很好的例子。

五、实践与提高
将下面的句子补充完整:
1. From what has been discussed above , we may safely draw the conclusion
that…
2. All the evidence supports the unshakable conclusion that…
3. It is high time that we place great emphasis on the improvement of…
4. It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated situation of…
5. We must look for an immediate action , because the present
situation of…, if permitted to continue , will surely lead to the
end of…
6. There is no easy solution to the problem of…, but… might be a
useful measure to take.
7. There is no easy method hand to solve the problem of…, but
increasing the common recognition of the necessity of… might be the first
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step towards change .
8. Following these methods may not guarantee success in …, but the pay-off
will be worth the effort.
9. Obviously , if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that…
10. Unless there is a common realization of …, it is very likely that…
其他经典句型 (1)
一、经典句型展示
1. I am all but ready. 我几乎准备好了。
【分析】① all but = almost; nearly表示“几乎”。它是个含有副词功能的词条。
② all but… 有时可表示“差一点就…”的意思。③ all but…有时也表示“除…外,全部
都…”的意思,这时all but = all except。
2. That little bridge is anything but safe. 那座小桥一点也不安全。
【分析】① anything but=not at all; far from, 表示强烈否定,是“决不”的
意思。② anything but有时也可以表示“除…之外的任何…”等意思。
3. It is far from all of the students who are able to speak Chinese. 并不
是所有的学生都讲中文。
【分析】It is far from all…not. 表示“并不是所有的…都”。
4. You must leave her a message, and immediately at that. 你必须给她留言,
而且马上就要行动。
【分析】at that放于句尾表示强调

二、练习与进步
A. 翻译
1. 过去的20年中,他几乎做好了所有的准备,差一点就可以毕业了。
2. 国庆就要到了,除他之外,所有的人都正在为此庆典准备着。
3. 并不是所有的外国游客都来自欧洲。
4. 他们两个都没有去过中国。
5. 由于交通堵塞,公交车不规律地向前移动,而且速度非常的慢。
6. 他独自一个人生活,但是一点儿也不觉得孤独。
7. 别听他的甜言蜜语,去年他把我骗了。那是条披着羊皮的狼。
8. 我购物时,总请朋友们帮我选择颜色。
9. 除非在各方面都准备得周密,否则在应付入侵之敌的时候,我们将处于不利地位。
10. 除了一些无聊的行为外,我什么都喜欢。
【参考答案】
1. In the last 20 years, he has all but graduated from that university.
2. National Day is coming, and everyone but him is preparing for the
celebration.
3. Not all of the foreign visitors came from Europe.
4. Neither of them have visited China.
5. Because of the heavy traffic, the bus moved forward irregularly, and the
speed even then was very slow.
6. He lived alone, but he felt anything but lonely.
7. Don’t listen to his sweet words. I was cheated by him last year. He’
s a wolf in sheep’s clothing.
8. When I shop, I usually ask my friends to help me decide on the color.
9. Unless we are prepared in every aspect, we shall be at a disadvantage in
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dealing with the invaders.
10. I enjoy anything but silliness.
B. 改错
1. The child was all that run over by the train.
2. The skaters on the pond all not broke through the ice.
3. Only but John passed the examination.
4. I enjoy all the last one of her novels.
5. I can only select either of the two schemes.
6. You must pay attention to your behavior, and constantly that.
7. Everyone wants a happy family, and a healthy one.
8. He used to take drugs that he was young.
9. Some will wrangle for freedom; write for it; even fight for it;
nothing but die for it.
10. The old man who had been used working from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m.
was like a fish out of water when his firm pensioned him off.
【参考答案】
1. that―but 2. not―but 3. only―All 4. all后加but
5. only去掉 6. that前加at 7. one后加at that
8. that―when 9. nothing―anything 10. used―used to

三、伟人伟招
1. 协力成功式
Great men are rarely isolated mountain-peaks; they are summits of ranges.
(T. W. Higginson)
伟人很少是突兀的山峰;他们是众山中的最高峰。(希金森)
【点评】这是一个绝佳的句子用在最后一段的开头,例如可以这样写:Just as T. W.
Higginson said, “Great men are rarely isolated mountain-peaks; they are summits of
ranges.” We should make efficient use of the wisdom to seek the best solution for
this.

2. 前人种树,后人乘凉式
We should live and labor in our time such that what came to us as seed may
go to the next generation as blossom, and what came to us as blossom may go to them
as fruit. This is what we mean by progress. (H. W. Beecher)
我们一生应该这样地生活和劳动,使给予我们 的种子能在下一代开花,使给予我们
的花朵能在下一代结果,这就是我们所说的进步的意义。(比彻)
【点评】这是such that句型的一个复杂变体,我们可以欣赏一下,高手可以尝试
使用。

其他经典句型(2)
一、经典句型展示
1. The enemy attempted to win over uncle Chen, but it was in vain. 敌人企
图把陈大叔拉过去,但是徒然无效。
【分析】in vain = uselessly; without a successful result. 表示“徒然,枉
然,没有结果”。
2. It is no use trying to persuade him to accept the gift. 设法说服他去接
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受这份礼物是徒劳的(白费心机的)。
【分析】①“It is no use ~ing”中,~ing是动词形式,它表示的是“做…是徒
劳的”的意思;② 此外it也可以连接由疑问词所引导的从句。
3. It is not till they lose it that people know the value of health. 直到
失去健康,人们才知道健康的价值。
【分析】“It is not till (until)…that…”是not till (until)的强调句型,
它就是让it is…that…的一种变化,表示“直到”的意思。
4. It is with life as with a dream. 人生就像是一场梦。
【分析】It is with… as with…= It is in… as in…,表示“…就像是…”之
意,前面的词语是句子的重点,as with紧跟的词语则是它的比喻。
5. It will be some time before it returns to its original shape. 到它恢复
到原来的形状为止,是要花上一些时间的。
【分析】“It will be…before…”表示“到…为止,要花…的时间”,它除了将来
时的形式出现外,还 可以用其他的形式来表达。

二、练习与进步
A. 翻译
1. 我在这儿干死干活的,可是根本就没有机会涨工资,更别说升职了。
2. 当火车启动时,设法赶上那趟车是徒劳的。
3. 夏天到了,直到19:00,天才开始逐渐黑下来。
4. 人生就像是一次远行,经历喜怒哀乐,同时积累经验。
5. 人类就像土地一样,有时会存在着所有人都没有发觉的金矿。
6. 花了八年多时间,军队才击败敌人获得全面胜利。
7. 不管你说什么,我和那件事无关。
8. 总统和这起贿赂案没有关系。
9. 老师听到那个男孩小声地说了些什么,她让他高声重复。
10. 他们完成这项工程的监理工作需要花半年的时间。
【参考答案】
1. I am just spinning my wheels here—there’s no chance to get a pay raise,
much less a promotion.
2. It is no use trying to catch up with the train once it starts.
3. Summer is coming, now it was not until 7:00 p.m. that the sky starts getting
dark.
4. It is in life as in a long journey: going through difficulties, as well
as pleasant times, and at the same time, concentrated experiences.
5. It is in man as in soil that there is sometimes a vein of gold that the
owner is unaware of.
6. It was more than 8 years before the army defeated the enemy completely
7. Whatever you may say, I have no concern with that issue.
8. The president had no concern with the bribery case.
9. The teacher heard the boy say something under his breath and she asked
him to repeat it aloud.
10. It will be about another half a year before they finish the engineering
construction supervision.
B. 改错
1. We protested on vain. The government still insisted on
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demolishing the building.
2. All he has done is vain. It won’t save our company.
3. It is absurd think about a plan that is impossible to implement.
4. Discipline can be relaxed until the last day of school has passed.
5. The country did not became a real democracy unless the middle
of last century.
6. It is with read books as with receiving education in social sciences.
7. It is with researching historic characters as with communicate with
persons of that time.
8. I thought it is with accepting the task as with putting it into
practice before I assimilated into the society.
9. It will be about half a year after you finish the engineering
construction supervision.
will be about three years of getting to know each other
before they decided to marry.
【参考答案】
1. on―in 2. is―is in 3. think―thinking 4. can―cannot
5. unless―until 6. read―reading 7. communicate―communicating
8. is―was 9. after―before 10. will be―took

三、伟人伟招
1. 克己复礼式
The greater the man, the more restrained his anger. (Ovid )
人越伟大,越能克制怒火。(奥维德)
【点评】通过这句话我们要进一步学习两个类似句型:
The + ~er + S. + V., … the + ~er + S. + V. …
The + more + adj. + S. + V., … the + more + adj. + S. + V. …(愈…愈…)
The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力,你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多,我们愈
有学问。

2. 聪明易糊涂难式
It is easier to fight for principles than to live up to them. (A. E. Stevenson)
为原则而斗争容易,按原则的要求活着难。(史蒂文森)
【点评】“it is +比较级+to do sth. than to do sth.”是另外一个重要的比较级
的句型。

四、实践与提高
将下面的句子补充完整:
1. There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to the
problem of …
2. It is necessary that effective action be taken to prevent the

situation .
3. It is hoped that great efforts be taken to control the
growth of…
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4. It is hoped that great efforts will be directed towards finding …
5. It remains to be seen whether…, but the prospects are (not)
very encouraging .
6. At any rate, wider attention should be given to the possible
consequences of…
7. To reverse the trend is not a light task , and it requires a different
state of mind towards …
8. For these reasons, I strongly recommend that…
9. For the reasons given above, I feel that…
10. Taking into account the reasons mentioned above, we can confidently come
to a
conclusion that….

其他经典句型(3)
一、经典句型展示
1. They say that she is a movie star. 据说她是个电影明星。
【分析】 they say… = it is said that,表示“据说…的”意思。其中they = people,
I heard 也表示相同意思。
2. This is the reason why he became so involved in the suicide case. 他因
为这个原因而卷入那个自杀案。
【分析】① This is the reason why=this is…表示“这就是为什么的原因”,“因
为这个原因而…”的意思,why是一个关系副词。② This is the way how…=thus,与this
is the reason why类似的句型,表示“因此而…”的意思,先行词the way与the reason
一样也可以省略。
3. The plane flew higher and higher, till at last it disappeared from my sight.
飞机飞得越来越高,并终于从我的视线中消失。
【分析】…, till (will) at last…=…, and at last…,表示“…终于…”的意
思。一般来说,在till的前面,通常会有逗号将其分开。
4. He grabbed at straws but he could not reach it. 他想抓住救命稻草,但够
不着。
【分析】to grab at straws表示的是“抓住救命稻草”,它也可以引用为“(为脱
险)求助了任何救 急办法”的意思。To grab at straws= to grasp reach for straws.
5. To my great surprise, he played the piano well. 令人感到惊讶的是,他钢
琴弹得很棒。
【分析】to one’s surprise=to the surprise of…是表示“令人感到惊讶的是…”
的意思。类似的句型有:to one’s joy令人感到高兴的是,to one’s sorrow令人感到悲
哀的是,to one’s satisfaction令人感到满意的是,to one’s disappointment令人感到
失望的是。

二、练习与进步
A. 翻译
1. 据说,人类是生物学上最无法归类的物种,因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺少的
特性。
2. 据说,美国人于1787年制定的“联邦条款”是为当时政府运作提供的一个模式。
3. 这就是为什么他不想接受这个事实的原因。
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4. 我因此而辞掉了在那家公司的工作。
5. 他们的言辞争论着,渐渐地,他们变得激动,终于其中有一个做出了鲁莽的行动。
6. 令所有出席的人都感到惊讶的是,这位英雄忽然不见了。
7. 当我刚好六岁半的时候,某个早上,孩子们正在吃早餐时,被告知不准再到处乱
跑,当时大家都很惊慌。

8. 像所有政客一要,他说他要为人民做好事,可是我怀疑他是另有个人的打算。
9. 依我看来,你在你妈妈面前表现得太无礼了。
10. 她的新的夜礼服是巴黎时装中最新潮的。
【参考答案】
1. They say that man is the least biologically determined species of all
because he possesses features absent in other natural species.
2. I heard that the Americans drew up their “Articles of Confederation”
in 1781 in order to provide a working form of government.
3. This is the reason why he did not want to accept the fact.
4. This is the way I resigned from the job in that company.
5. They argued with hot words and gradually they got excited, until at last
one of them resorted to reckless measures.
6. To the surprise of all present, the hero was gone.
7. I was just about half-way through my sixth year when one morning at
breakfast we children were informed to our utter dismay that we could no longer be
permitted to run absolutely wild.
8. Like all politicians, he says he wants to do good for people, but I think
he has an axe to grind.
9. From my perspective, I think you behaved rudely before your mom.
10. Her new evening dress is the last word in Paris fashion.
B. 改错
1. It is say that she is a movie star.
2. They tell that there will be a heavy storm tomorrow.
3. This is the way which I saw the results.
4. This is the reason that why she could not receive a normal
school education.
5. After suffering from the hurt, at finally he stood up and
decided to start from the very beginning.
6. He ran faster and faster, till last he reached the destination first.
7. The poor man was simply just reaching into straws when he
took his dying wife to another doctor.
8. She walked fast, till at last she caught up the train on time.
9. To the surprise, the taste was not as he had imagined it.
10. To the joy by his mother, he won first prize.
【参考答案】
1. say―said 2. tell―say 3. which―that 4. 去掉why
5. finally―last 6. till后加at 7. into―at 8. up后加to
9. the―his 10. by―of

三、伟人伟招
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1. If there were less sympathy in the world, there would be less trouble in
the world. (O. Wilde)
如果世界上少一些同情,世界上也就会少一些麻烦。(王尔德)
【点评】“if there were lessmore…, there would be lessmore….”是一个虚
拟语气句型,在四级里面用一下可以给你的文章增色不少。
2. The most exhausting thing in life is being insincere. (A. M. Lindbergh)
生活中最使人筋疲力尽的事是弄虚作假。(林德伯格)
【点评】“the most exhausting terrible thing is …”句型要掌握。我们再进
一步学两个常用的最高级句型:
…the + ~est +n.+ (that) +S.+ have ever + seen (knownheardhadread, etc)
…the most+ adj. +n.+ (that) +S.+ have ever + seen (knownheard hadread,
etc)
Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
常老师是我曾经遇到的最仁慈的教师。
3. It is discouraging to think how many people are shocked by honesty and
how few by deceit. (N. Coward)
令人沮丧的是,有那么多人对诚实感到吃惊,而对欺骗感到吃惊的人却那么的
少。(科沃德)
【点评】对什么现象和观点不满或者不同意时,可以使用,是加分句型。

四、实践与提高
补充练习:将下列句子翻成汉语,注意总结句子结构。
1. Whereas other societies look to the past for guidance, we cast our nets
forward.(面向未来)
2. It is the belief in a brighter future that gives us optimism.
3. Even these days, when not all progress seems positive (nuclear weapons,
air pollution, unemployment, etc.), the belief remains that for every problem there
is a rational solution.
4. The job of parents is to give children every opportunity while they are
growing up and then get out of their way.
5. What deference people in authority do command is based on their actual
powers rather than on their age, wisdom, or dignity.


其他经典句型(4)
一、经典句型展示
1. He is the wisest infant that ever lived. 他是个前所未见的聪明的小婴孩。
【分析】“the wisest man that ever live”是从最高级+that ever的结果强化出
来的,表示“之前所活的最聪明的人”,即“前所未见的聪明人”的意思。
2. There were two persons coming toward me: the former was my uncle, the latter
was my father. 有两个人朝我走过来,前面的是我叔叔,后面的是我父亲。
【分析】①“the former…the latter …”是表示“前者…后者…”的意思。②“the
one…the other…”可以表示“相近”的意思。③“this…that…”同样表示“相 近”的意
思,即“前者…后者…”,但这时候this…that…的顺序是相反,请特别留意。
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3. She is the last person to leave her parents. 她是个绝不离开她父母的人。
【分析】“the last man+动词不定式”,表示“绝不…的人”的意思。动词不定式有
时可 以用that引导的从句来代替。
4. The moment you understand this, you will only have further difficulties.
只要你一了解这规则,就不会有困难。
【分析】① the moment=as soon as,表示“一…就…”的意思,它起到一个连接
词的作用,引导条件状语从句。the instant也具有相同的用法。② immediately、directly
等副词,也同样是一个用来表示“…就…”的连接词。
5. The nearer the dawn, the darker the night. 越接近黎明,夜就越黑。
【分析】the more…the more…,是一个“the +比较级…the +比较级…”的句型,
表示“愈…就愈…”的意思,注意:这时的the不是定冠词,而是一种副词。

二、练习与进步
A. 翻译
1. 他是个我所见过的最固执己见的人。
2. 乘火车旅行比乘飞机旅行更便宜且更有趣,因此大多数人喜欢选择前者更胜于后
者。
3. 娱乐与工作对我们的健康都很必要,前者让我们得以放松,后者则给我们的活力。
4. 对于这件事,我的父亲是绝对不会考虑的。
5. 只要你一踏进“事实”的世界,你就踏进了“限度”的世界。
6. 知道并不表示智慧,许多人知道不少事情,结果却反而更笨。
7. 一个人如果没有足够的见识,知道得越多,对他反而越坏。
8. 新闻记者是个绝对不会说广告无效的人。
9. 人们对自己的世界所知愈少,就对自己周围的事愈无法控制与了解。
【参考答案】
1. He is the most persistent man I have ever seen.
2. Traveling by train is cheaper and more interesting than traveling by air,
therefore most people prefer the former over the latter.
3. Amusement and work are both necessary to our health; the former can give
us relaxation and the latter can give us energy.
4. My father was the last man to take into consideration issues concerning
this matter.
5. The moment you step into the world of facts, you step into the world of
limits.
6. To know is not to be wise. Many men know a great deal, and are all the
greater fools for it.
7. If one hasn’t got plenty of common sense, the more science he has, the
worse for him.
8. A journalist would be the last person to say that there is not any virtue
in advertisement.
9. The less man knew about his world, the less subject to his control or
understanding were the events which surrounded him.
B. 改错
1. This is the larger elephant that I have ever seen.
2. He is bravest person that I have ever encountered.
3. Tom and Betty went to school. One arrived at seven o’clock
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and another arrived at half past seven.
4. Health is above wealth, for it can give as much happiness.
5. We were last people to approve the opinion.
6. He is the last person that I expected to see.
7. As soon it turns red, it will become edible.
8. That moment you get in, nothing can hit you.
9. The hard the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.
10. The more we study, the many we discover our ignoramus.
【参考答案】
1. larger―largest 2. is―is the 3. another―the other 4. for it―for
nothing.
5. last―the last 6. is―was 7. As soon―As soon as
8. That moment―The moment 9. hard―harder 10. the many―the more

三、伟人伟招
1. 力劈华山式
I’ve never any pity for conceited people, because I think they carry their
comfort about with them. (George Eliot )
我从不怜惜自负的人们,因为我觉得他们无处不能自我安慰。(艾略特)
【点评】该句型用来直接表达自己的观点再好不过。

2. 最好最坏式
The worst tragedy for a poet is to be admired through being misunderstood.
(J. Cocteau)
对于诗人来说,最大的悲剧莫过于由于误解而受到钦佩。(科克托)
【点评】“the + bestworstmost effective waymeasure is to…”结构结合该
句学习。

3. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲式
If you do not learn to think when you are young, you may never learn. (Edison)
如果你年轻时不学会思考,那就永远不会。(爱迪生)
【点评】这是个很好的警告别人、指出危害的句型。
看到各位大师的作品后,长江后浪推前浪,我们再加强学习9个简单实用的句型。
① Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V.(养成…的习惯)
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我们应该养成早睡早起
的习惯。
② Due toOwing toThanks to + , …(因为…)
Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。
③ For the past + 时间,S. + 现在完成式…(过去…年来,…一直…)
For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。
④ be + forcedcompelledobliged + to + V.(不得不…)
Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing
sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。
⑤ It is time + S. + 过去式(该是…的时候了)
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It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic
problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
⑥ By +Ving, …can…(借着…,…能够…)
By exercising, we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。
⑦ …enable + Object(受词)+ to + V.(…使…能够…)
Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
⑧ There is no doubt that + 句子…(毫无疑问地…)
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问地,我们的教育制度令人不满意。
或者:There is no denying that + S. + V.…(不可否认地…)
There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to
worse.
不可否认地,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
⑨ …cannot emphasize the importance of…too much. (再怎么强调…的重要
性也不为过。)
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、实践与提高
补充练习:将下列句子翻成汉语,注意总结句子结构。
1. In a society that changes as fast as ours, experience simply does not have
the value that it does in more stagnant societies.
2. It has taken a long time to convince the public that free enterprise does
not mean that a company should be free to pollute the air, foul the rivers, and destroy
the forests.
3. Equipped with the money, one can acquire the taste, style, and ideas that
mark each class and launch a quick ascent of the social ladder.
4. No one could seriously think that anyone who grows up poor, lives in a
bad neighborhood, and attends an inferior school has an opportunity equal to that
of someone more favored.
5. As the case illustrates, competition takes four general forms: …

其他经典句型(5)
一、经典句型展示
1. She can speak seven foreign languages to say nothing of her English. 她
能讲七种外国语言,更不用说英语了。
【分析】①“say nothing of…”是用来表示“更不用说是…”的意思。②“not to
speak of…”与“no to mention…”也是用来表示相同的意思。③“not to say…”则表示
“即使不能说…”的意思。
2. To tell the truth, I don’t like her at all. 说实在话,我一点也不喜欢
她。
【分析】① to tell the truth= to say the truth,是用来表示“说实在话”、“说
老实话”的意思, 它是一个独立主格结构,用来修饰整个句子。② to be frank with you
(坦白地说),to make a long story short(简单地说),to do one justice(公平的说),
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与to tell the truth是个相类似的句型。
3. When I was a boy, I was too cowardly to go out at might. 当我还是个小
孩时,我太胆小以致夜晚不敢出门。
【分析】① too…to…= so…that…cannot…,表示“太…以致无法…”的意思;
② too…for+意义上的主语+to…的句型也表示相同的意思。
4. This mountain is twice as large as that one. 这座山大约是那座山的两倍
高。
【分析】① twice as large as 是表示“两倍的大小”的意思。当twice改为three
times four times…时,则表示“三倍、四倍…”的意思,此外“as+adj.+as”结构还可用
“as+adv.+as”表达;②“…as+adj.+n.+as…”也可以表示同样的意思。

二、练习与进步
A. 翻译
1. 她种植了各种不同类型的珍贵花卉,更不用说是玫瑰和茉莉花了。
2. 不能花太短的时间来完成关系一生的大事。
3. 说实在话,他二十年前没能接受到正规学校教育。
4. 中国超过日本二十倍大的面积。
5. 她肯定在做白日梦,看起来她的心思好像在千里的地方。
6. 不知道是由于我太以自我为中心或是太孤僻,以致总是无法和我所认识的人成为
坦诚相交的朋友。
7. 一般来说,在我们太空时代的幼年期,人类对太空的探索,就是靠其想象力。
8. 他大意是说:“同样一个象征符号不同的文化中却有着不同的含意”。
9. 东京的人口是日本人口的十分之一。
10. 他的年龄是我的三倍。
【参考答案】
1. She raised quite different kinds of precious flowers to say nothing of
roses and jasmine.
2. Take not too short a time to do well something that will influence you
all through your life.
3. To tell the truth, he did not receive a normal education twenty years ago.
4. The land area of China is more than twenty times larger than that of Japan.
5. Her head was certainly in the clouds: she looked like her mind was a
thousand miles away.
6. I’m either too self- centered or too reserved to be on confidential terms
with anyone I know at all well.
7. In the early years of our space age, generally speaking, man’s exploits
in space relied upon his imagination.
8. He speaks to the effect that the same symbol can carry different
implications in different cultures.
9. The population of Tokyo is one-tenth of Japan’s as a whole.
10. He is three times as old as me.
B. 改错
1. He is three times old as me.
2. The exhibition this time attracted two as many visitors as the last time.
3. The question was enough complicated for me to answer.
4. He walked very fast for me to follow him.
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5. Tell the truth, I can only lend you 500 yuan.
6. To be frank at you, he tried his best.
7. You want to be the champion? I think you are crying into the moon.
8. He has much experience, to say everything of knowledge.
9. She is pretty, nothing to say of her humor.
10. To tell truth, he is an honest man and can work well under pressure.
【参考答案】
1. old前加as 2. two―twice 3. enough―too 4. very―too
5. Tell―To tell 6. at―with 7. into―at 8. everything―nothing
9. nothing to say―to say nothing 10. truth―the truth

三、伟人伟招
1. 授人以渔式
In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living, but to make
a life.(W. A. White)
教育不是为了教会青年人谋生,而是教会他们创造生活。(怀特)
【点评】该结构可以用来代替trying to,令你的文章更富魅力。

2. 热血青年式
I would rather see a young man blush than turn pale. (M. P. Cato )
我宁可看到青年人脸红,也不愿看到他脸色变得苍白。(加图)
【点评】would rather…than…(宁可…,也不…句)型。

3. 言论自由式
I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to
say it. (Voltaire)
我不同意你说的话,但我愿意誓死捍卫你说话的权利。(伏尔泰)
【点评】I disapprove of…, but I will… 表示不同意某一观点,然后给自己留
下余地。
看到各位大师的作品后,长江后浪推前浪,我们再加强学习10个简单实用的句型。
① Leave much to be desired(令人不满意)
The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
② Have a great influence on…(对…有很大的影响)
Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
③ do good to(对…有益),do harm to(对…有害)
Reading does good to our mind. 读书对心灵有益。
Overworking does harm to one’s health. 工作过度对健康有害。
④ Pose a great threat to…(对…造成一大威胁)
Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大
威胁。
⑤ do one’s utmost to + V. = do one’s best(尽全力去…)
We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
⑥ It pays to + V.…(…是值得的)
It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
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⑦ be based on(以…为基础)
The progress of society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
⑧ Spare no effort to + V.(不遗余力地)
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
⑨ bring home to + 人 + 事(让…明白…事)
We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
⑩ be closely related to…(与…息息相关)
Exercising is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。

四、实践与提高
补充练习:将下列句子翻成汉语,注意总结句子结构。
1. Moreover, both common sense and our experiences with children inform us
that people tend to mimic the language and behavior they are exposed to.
2. Those who advocate unbridled individual expression might point out that
the right of free speech is intrinsic to a democracy and necessary to its survival.
3. The suggested reason for buying the car is obvious: it is the intelligent
choice.
4. The lesson here is that advertising, in itself, probably will not achieve
as great of an importance as art.
5. Common sense tells us that a photographer can succeed by working in media.



















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第九部分.作文训练

一、记叙文的思路与练习
1)记叙文
以叙述人物的经历和事物的发展变化 过程为主要表现形式的一种文体。记叙文既可以以
写人为主,又可以以写事为主。写记叙文要注意记叙文 的“六大要素”即:
时间(When)—— 何时发生,有没有具体时间?
地点(Where)—— 何地发生,有没有地点变化?
人物(Who)—— 何人参与,谁是主角?
事件(What)—— 发生了什么,有何特点?
原因(Why)—— 事件的起因?
结果(How)—— 事件的经过及结局?
一般说来,在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。
记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。
【例】四级考试中,只出现过一次专门的记叙文体裁的写作,即“An Early Morning Walk”
(1988.6.),2003年6月出现过包含记叙文的作文,即“An Eye- Witness Account of a Traffic
Accident”。
对于“An Early Morning Walk”,知道命题要求后,我们就要开始构思了。
When:题目已规定了是“清晨”,在这个时候,“我”去散步。
Where:到哪儿散步?去公园?在校园里?在街上(街上空气不好,还是不去!)。
Who:在公园里看到晨练的人:中老年人、年轻人、小孩子;在校园里看到读书背单词的
学生。
What:人们热火朝天地做操,随音乐跳舞,打球,等等。
Why:清晨空气清新,适合锻炼;一日之际在于晨,背背书,读读单词。
当然,由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西,因篇幅所限,我们做了删减。

2)参考范文
An Early Morning Walk
One morning I got up very early, and everything around was very quiet. The sun
had just risen, shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer
of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees.
I strolled along the street toward the park, breathing the fresh air and feeling
extremely happy.
When I arrived at the park, I found, to my surprise, that there were so many people
there. Men and women, boys and girls, all were enjoying themselves in their various
activities. Some were doing morning exercises, some were playing badminton and some
old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.
I wandered around the park. To my delight, I found a few middle- school students
talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to
them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity
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to practice my spoken English. On the way home, I realized that an early morning walk
really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.
【点评】文章按照时间顺序(in chronological order),第一句话点明时间(One morning)、
人物(第一人称“I”),并简要描述了早晨的特点(What was the setting),接着第二段第
一句话交代地点(in the park),然后介绍公园里人们及作者的活动(What was happening),
最后在文章结尾点题,即,归纳中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy
and wise. 仅仅18 9个单词既满足了记叙文的“六大要素”,又有明确的中心思想和生动的细
节,行文方式符合要求。

1. 以“A Most Unlucky Day”为题,想想该怎么写。注意:题目的中心词是“unlucky”。
When, Where, Who, What, Why:, How。
参考思路
When:哪一天是最倒霉的日子?考前的晚上?公布成绩的日子?周末?
Where:在大街上违章停车?在学校?在商场?在经常光顾的地方——食堂、餐厅、麦当< br>劳、图书馆、溜冰场、投影厅?
Who:是我倒霉?是好友?你?那个蛋白质室友?
What:拿到罚单?上课上班迟到?失恋?被窃?四级没过?
Why:倒霉嘛,无非是运气不好,睡过头了、态度恶劣、偷懒、不刻苦…
How:一团糟,挨批,心情极度沮丧,不过也无所谓嘛…
想完之后,我们再花点儿功夫将关联的东东挑出来,别忘了本文的中心是“unlucky”。
根据自己的思路,写一篇文章:

参考范文
A Most Unlucky Day
I had a streak of tough luck yesterday. Everything, it seemed to me, went wrong.
And I simply couldn’t understand why all the bad things happened to me in one single
day.
In the morning, as luck would have it, my alarm clock didn’t ring, and with an
aching head I woke up half an hour later than usual. I was in such a hurry that, when
making an omelet, I got my fingers burnt and splashed the omelet all over the floor
of the kitchen.
Having no time for my breakfast at that point, I rushed out of my house with an
empty stomach and hurting fingers. I had intended to catch the 7:30 subway, but somehow
I couldn’t make it. I became very nervous at the mere thought of being late for my
English class, because my English teacher is very strict and demanding, and he gets
angry whenever any student is late for his class.
After getting off the 7:40 subway, I raced all the way from the station to my
school, thinking it would be impossible for me to flag a taxi at this hour of the
day. At the corner of the street near my school, I abruptly bumped into a man and,
worse luck, broke the glasses I had bought for 500 yuan just last week. With scarcely
any time to receive or offer an apology, I just kept on running and running. At long
last, I arrived at the school only to find, with great sadness mixed with some relief,
that the school was empty and the classrooms were all locked. It was Saturday.
My ill luck showed no sign of coming to an end. When I returned home greatly
frustrated, I found myself locked out. In my hurry I had forgotten to bring the key
with me. Just my luck!
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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
【点评】这篇文章按照时间顺序一气呵成。文章的标题、第一句和最后一句都点出了中心
思想:“I had a most unlucky day”。故事从作者醒来开始,在慌慌张张中煎蛋卷、赶地铁、急奔学校、撞破眼镜、发现白忙乎了一场,最后猛然清醒——匆忙之中忘了钥匙!整个故事
描述得精 彩生动,既有动作的细节又有作者内心的感受,让读者也身临其境地体会了倒霉的
一天。
A: 根据以下提示叙述一场交通事故:1)用第一人称;2)短语提示:drive home at about
30 kilometers an hour;it was dark;a small girl chased a dog;not hit her but hit
a car in the other direction3)写出作者对此交通意外的感想。

参考范文
Last night I was driving home from work. I had an accident. I was following behind
a truck, driving at about 30 kilometers an hour. I was watching the traffic carefully
because it was getting dark.
Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left. She was chasing a dog and
she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic. I immediately applied the brakes
and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.
The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car. Fortunately
I did not hit her, but I hit a car coming in the other direction. Luckily I was not
driving very fast so the damage was not serious. It is better to damage a car than
to injure a young child, I thought to myself.
B: 以第一人称写一篇记叙文,讲述在旅行中经历的一件小事。

参考范文
Go on a Mediterranean Journey
My wife and I have always enjoyed traveling by sea,and last year we decided to
go on a Mediterranean journey. Although our holiday was rather expensive we thought
that the high standard of accommodation, the first- class food and the many interesting
places we saw were well worth the price we paid.
We found that most of the other passengers were friendly and interesting, but
there was one man, a Mr. James, who irritated and annoyed us. Whatever subject we
talked about, it seemed that he was an expert at it. He had, apparently, read more
books, visited more countries and studied more languages, than anyone else had. After
a few days, we ate our meals in silence, because nobody wanted to begin a conversation
that would soon be taken over by this man.
Then my wife had an idea. She suggested that we might think of an unusual subject,
look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it at dinner. If it were an unusual
subject, Mr. James could not possibly know anything about it. The subject we chose
was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century.” At dinner that night we discussed
this subject with great enthusiasm. Mr. James was silent. We realized we had at last
come to find something he knew nothing about.


二、说明文的思路与练习
说明文是用言简意赅的语言来介绍客观事物,讲清 事理,并给人增加知识的一种文体。
说明文解说事物的特点、发展变化规律,分析前因后果,目的在于使 读者“明白事理”,获得
必要的信息,对事物有个较完整明晰的了解和认识。说明文不同于记叙文和议论 文,它重在
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给人介绍,让人明白,因而,轻“情义”重事实。说明文与议论文关系密切,有人将其 统称
为议论文。但在写作的目的和方法上两者仍有区别。说明文主要是通过事实客观地解释或说
明事物本身;而议论文则以事实、数据等为证据,表明主观见解,使读者信服或赞同某一观
点。
历年四级考试中的“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”、“My Ideal
Job”以及图表作文的第一段都属于说 明文的范畴,如,2002年6月的根据坐标图写题为
“Students Use of Computers”的作文。
说明文必须按一定的顺序进行说明:时间顺序、空间 顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序,选择
具体的特点和细节来说明。
所以,说明文的思路要围绕说明顺序、事物的特点和细节展开。例如:

范文点评
A Famous Clock
When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous
clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament
had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big
Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the
clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense
size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have
the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually
striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely
gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been
working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
【点评】这是《新概念英语》中的一篇经典说明文,介绍了世界著名的“大 本钟”。文章
开篇指明该钟位于英国伦敦,且全世界的人们通过BBC就能够听到钟声。接下来讲述了“ 大
本钟”的由来,特点——不仅外型巨大,而且走时准确,在结尾处讲了“大本钟”的一个幽
默 的小插曲——油漆工把油漆桶挂在指针上,把钟弄慢了。细读这篇文章,我们不难发现,
区区159个单 词就把“大本钟”的光辉形象牢牢地刻在读者的脑海里,为什么?本文基于事
实,分析了主题的来龙去脉 ,语言简洁又不失生动贴切,作者态度客观又充满幽默,使读者
既“明白了事理”,又对事物有较完整明 晰的了解认识,此乃说明文之真谛也。

以“Goals”为题打开一篇说明文的思路。
参考思路
1)目标的分类:(可根据时间顺序,空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序,任选一个进行分
类和排列)
2)各个类别的特点和细节:
3)组织成文:


范文点评
Goals
Everyone has goals. Many people do not reach their goals for lack of planning.
These three sets of goals should be developed: lifetime, intermediate and short term.
Lifetime goals should be written out. These goals should be clear and reasonable.
For instance, the goal to win a research prize is clear and measurable. Other lifetime
goals might include publishing a certain number of influential books or articles,
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earning a departmental chairmanship at a major university, successfully competing
for a grant from the National Science Foundation or securing a consultantship with
a big corporation.
Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years. For the beginning
doctoral student, intermediate goals may include completion of course work and
preparation of a doctoral research proposal. Like lifetime goals, these are
measurable and clearly stated.
Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months. These goals
are more performance oriented, and they help with achievement of intermediate goals.
Examples of short-term goals are earning an A in a course, learning how to program
a computer or performing an experiment.
【点评】本文介绍了人生的三种目标:终生的、长期的和短 期的目标。在文中采用了说
明文常用的方法:定义、举例、分类和比较等。
对这些方法我们要了解并且掌握:

1. 定义法(definition)
定义法是用下定义的方式去揭示事物本质特征或概 念内涵。它能使读者迅速抓住本质属
性和基本特点。此法的句型:
① … is athe … of … whichthat …② … relate toinvolverefer to …
【例】
(1)Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which is used for human
communication. 语言是人类用来交际的任意性的语音符号体系。
(2)Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years.
(3)Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months.

2. 举例法(illustration)
举例法就是举出实际事例来说明事物的方法,是最常见,往往也是最有效的阐释模式。
专家提醒,举例时应挑选具体、典型且有能力表达清楚的例子,并注意按照一定的顺序
编排。
请看上述范文第二段:“For instance”引出“lifetime goals”的实例, 如,赢得研究
奖金、出版有影响书或文章、获得大学的系主任职位、获得国家自然科学基金及大公司稳定
的顾问职位。

3. 分类法(classification)
分类法就是把说明的对象,按一定的标准划分成不同类别分别加以说明的方法。如:上
述范文介 绍人生的三种目标,并按照时间的长短对终生目标、长期目标和短期目标做了分类
说明。

4. 比较法(comparison)
比较法是用一个事物和与 其有联系的其他事物加以对比的说明方法。目的是为了帮助读
者准确地区分事物,通过对比达到对该事物 的深刻认识。
如:上述范文对三种人生目标在时间上和实际操作上进行了比较,并阐明了彼此的联系。
(1)Lifetime goals should be written out.
(2)Like lifetime goals, these are measurable and clearly stated.
(3)These goals are more performance oriented, and they help with achievement
of intermediate goals.
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5. 数字法(statistics)
数字法是运用数据来表明事物的本质和特点,准确合理的数据使文章精确可信。
【例】
(1)Nearly half of all Americans over age 20 wear a bridge or denture,and more
than 20 percent have complete upper and lower denture. By age 50, one out of every
two persons has gum disease.
(2)And it seems sensible to wait. One quarter of all marriages between people
under twenty-one end in divorce. In Britain in 1972, there were 124,248 divorces.
说明文的说明方法除上面介绍的常见的几种以外,还有诸如分项法、列举 法、比喻法及
引用法等,只有综合运用多种说明方法,才能多角度、多层次地全面、清晰、准确地展示客
观事物的本来面貌。

6. 借助说明文的构思方法,看看下列题目该如何写:
(1)The Layout of a Hospital
Direction: You are asked to write a composition about “The Layout Of a Hospital”.
Locate some important departments in the hospital based on the picture and information
given below. Your compositions should be no less than 100 words.
1)the Emergency Department
2)the Out- patient Department
3)the Surgery Department
4)DispensaryPharmacy
5)Physician Department
6)the Eye, Ear, and Throat Department
7)the Dental Department
8)the Laboratory
9)the X-ray Department
10)the Administrative Building
11)the Ward

参考范文
Near the gate, on the west side of the road is the Emergency Department. Opposite
the Emergency Department across the Main Road is the Out-patient Department. The
building to the southwest of the lake is the Dispensary, which faces the Surgery
Department lying on the other side of the road. Along the west wall, from south to
north, stand three buildings: the Physician Department, the Eye, Ear, and Throat
Department, and the Dental Department. The Laboratory is to the northwest of the round
about, and beside the Laboratory, the X-ray Department is located on the same side
of the road.
A winding road by the lake leads to the Ward. Near the end of the main road, the
Administrative Building is situated on the east side. The hospital is nicely and
conveniently laid out.
1. How to Lose Weight
思路提示:第一段先综述现象:大家都想保持身材要求减肥。第二段 介绍多余的体重在
身体中形成的原因。第三段提出相应的减肥方法。在最后一段,提出总结性的看法,指 出减
肥的要诀就是:减少摄入的卡路里,通过运动增加卡路里的消耗量。
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参考范文
How to Lose Weight
A beautiful and healthy figure is everyone’s dream. However, not everyone can
easily fulfill this dream. Overweight people often have to find precise ways to lose
weight.
For normal healthy people, weight is gained by taking in more calories than the
body needs. Therefore, if you want to lose weight, you either have to eat fewer
calories or find ways to use up more calories you take in. Dieting is probably the
most popular way of losing weight, because when on a diet, you are taking fewer
calories.
However, the body needs many elements in order to stay healthy, and “fad” or
starvation diets are bad because they are not nutritiously balanced. A better way
of dieting is to keep track of everything you eat, either by your own careful choices
or by buying, for a week at a time, the packaged meals sold by some diet companies.
If you do not normally exercise, you should also begin sensible exercises for your
age and lifestyle to help your body use up surplus calories.
In short, a combined effort of reducing the calories you eat and using up more
calories than usual through exercises should help you shed off part of your body.

三、议论文的思路与练习(1)
议论文又称论说文,是一种既常见又十分重 要的文体。在四级作文考试中运用得最多。
议论文通常采用摆事实讲道理的方式,围绕着某一个有争议的 观点展开论证,陈述各种理由,
表明作者立场、阐明作者观点看法。在文章中要明确地表明赞成什么、反 对什么,用词不能
模棱两可,必须明确肯定。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证,其中论点要鲜明,论 据要
合理、恰当、充分,论证过程要逻辑严密。
关于记叙文的思路打开,我这里推荐几种方法:

1. 生活化细节联想法
针对大多数相对抽象不好下手的作文题目,我们可以先把作文题同 自身联系到一起,把
抽象、概括的作文题细化到自己身边,先打开一个突破口,再顺藤摸瓜,进行发散式 联想。
请看例子:
What are your opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of fast food?
题目的主体是快餐,方向为利弊处。先不要考虑快餐是好是坏,而应该先 考虑你身边的、
你知道的快餐究竟有哪些,这些快餐给你或你的家人带来了哪些影响。请看一位同学记录 下
来的思路。请注意其跳跃性。
① 遍地都是麦当劳、肯德基、永和豆浆、馄饨、油条。
② 每次老爸不在家时,我吃鸡腿汉堡,快,省事、省时间。不用买菜,切菜,做菜,蒸
饭,洗碗,擦桌子。
不过还是老爸做的饭好吃,吃麦当劳吃不饱。为什么呢?油少,没营养!
③ 永和24小时,但东西贼贵,晚上避风的好地方,粥还行,油条,烂!
④ 麦当 劳小孩多,因为玩具多,电视上有很多他们的广告,小孩又哭又笑,学鸡叫的那
个广告特傻,……儿童乐 园。
⑤ 还是太贵。在美国,垃圾食品,到了中国,特火!洋货?老爸不爱吃汉堡, 因有奶酪。
不符合中国人的口味,农民就不喜欢,中国有8亿农民……
(为了方便大家阅读,我们在录入时加入了一半字数)
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大家不妨问问自己两个问题:
——上面的东西不够写120字吗?
——上面的东西用英文表达难吗?
答案是否定的。试想,有了这个思路,无论怎么写,从哪一个方面写,我们都不缺观点
和支持观点的细节性论据。

写下你对下列题目在生活中的联想(中英文混写)
1) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities
2) the Influence of the Internet

2. 逆向思维联想法
有一些题目从正面不好罗列素材,总结观点,我们可以从命题的对立面去思考问题,这
样往往可以达到意 想不到的收获。如果问题是一个东西有什么样的好处,也许这个东西是日
常生活中常见的东西,我们早已 对其失去了敏感,这个时候不妨想一想如果失去了这个东西,
我们的生活会受到哪些影响。试举一例:
In 1995, an Englishman killed a burglar who broke into his house. He was sentenced.
Do you think he should be sentenced? How can we protect our property?
文章的关键在于How can we protect our properties?(我们如何保护自己的财产?)
对于大多数同 学来讲,对财产的概念还不清楚,谈何保护措施?于是,从反面破题,从我们
周围的盗窃想起,请看一位 同学的草稿:
① 前两天,丢了钱包,bus上,小偷走了,才有人告诉我,社会公德真有问题。
② 学校的7台电脑CPU丢了,小偷从窗户爬进去的。学校3年都不修,宿舍经常丢鞋、
丢衣服。
③ 家里与房地产开发公司打官司,合同有问题。
④ 警察现在都不管事,出了问题才来,没出问题,懒得理你,防患于未然。
(为了方便阅读,我们把草稿上的英语译成了汉语)
有了上面的几个问题,综合分析 保护个人财产的措施也就不难得出了,个人、单位、社
会、国家都应采取相应的措施,而论证过程可以从 草稿中总结说理,也可以按照草稿上的思
路举反例论证。
总之,在拓展思维 时,一定要避免定向的、大而空的思维模式,应尽量把作文题目大处
化小,小处化细,细处才可见真情。

从事物的反面考虑下列题目,写下浮现在你脑海中的词句:
1) Advantages of a Harmonious Family
2) The importance of fresh drinking water

四、议论文的思路与练习(2)
分类思考法
为了尽快地帮助同学们在尽可能短的时间里熟悉四级作文的命题思路,以及在短时间内
能够找到合适的 论述理由,我们通过分析历年四级考试真题并研究了命题方向,在此基础上
总结了四级作文通用的十大思 考方向,很多题目要求考生分析某一现象发生原因或可能产生
的影响,我们不妨从以下十个方向进行思考 ,打开思路:

1) 方便:convenient, convenience
相关话题:computer, internet,出外吃饭,电话,城市生活,例如:
The Internet is far more convenient and efficient than the written word or other
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conventional means of conveying meaning.
Advertisements can bring convenience to people’s lives.
Modern means of transportation make it very convenient for people to travel far
or near, thus saving a lot of time and energy.

2) 效率:efficient, efficiently, efficiency
相关话题:计算机和高科技(high-tech devices)减轻了体力劳动(manual labor),
解放了人类(liberate humans),让人们有更多的时间从事其他的事情(more time are spent
on other necessary matters)等,例如:
Advertisements build an efficient and direct link between manufacturers and
customers.
Modern science and technology make our lives more efficient. A phone call, an
e-mail or a fax can all bring people closer and make the world smaller.

3) 节省和浪费:save time, save money, save space, economical, frugal, frugality;
thrift, thrifty waste timemoneyspace, costly, time-consuming, lavish, 例如:
This will help them realize that it is not easy to make money and form the good
habit of frugality.
There are many other ways for people to know commodities, so it is a waste to
invest large sums of money in making advertisements on TV.
As for the young and middle-aged, they should make better use of their prime years
instead of spending so much time raising pets.
It’s a costly and time-consuming hobby. China is a developing country and many
people are still below the poverty line. Some children of the right age in
poverty-stricken areas can’t afford to go to school.
… will be great extravagance of time, energy and money.

4) 心理与性格:mental health, spiritual health, psychological health,
personality, character
好的性格 independent, independence, independently, cooperate, cooperative,
cooperation, compete, competitive, competition, team spirit, considerate, confident,
confidence, confidently, ambition, ambitious, individuality, tolerance, sociable,
perseverance, deal withsolve problems by themselves (independent), optimistic
坏的性格 overbearing(专横的,傲慢的), selfish, conservative, isolated,
conceited(自以为是的), egotistic(自我本位的), arrogant, domineering(作威作福
的),overzealous(过分热心的 ),nihilist(虚无主义的),opportunistic(机会主义的),
pessimi stic
性格的养成:cultivate, foster, develop, encourage, enrich, improve, enhance
例如:
Taking a part-time job can help cultivate independence and develop a strong sense
of responsibility.
It will help foster a sense of competition and cooperation, which is quite
necessary in one’s future career.
Working outside campus can enhance one’s social awareness and help one become
more socially adaptable. With this, students are able to keep pace with the outside
world.
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It will do good for building up one’s confidence and offer one a sense of
achievement because one can realize his value and capability.
Through this experience, students can learn to cooperate and compromise and
master interpersonal skills needed for future success.
5) 丰富的生活:pleasure, joy, recreation, entertain, entertaining,
entertainment, leisure time, interesting, relax, relaxed, relaxation. 对立面:dull,
monotonous, tired, bored, tiredness, boring, tiring, fatigue, lonely, loneliness,
weary, weariness, too much stress from work(工作压力大),leisure time(业余时间
增多),例如:
Gazing at the cold flickering screen is a disinteresting and tiring experience.
It is not a good way to relax.
Some advertisements are of high artistic value, original and well designed;
therefore they add to the beauty of our lives.
Raising pets is beneficial and joyful.

6) 环境:environment, environmental, pollute, polluted, pollution, pollutant,
poisonous, contaminate, contamination, contaminated, contaminant, dirty, hygiene
(卫生),nature(自然)、on good terms with(和谐相处),ruin, destroy(破坏),例如:
Some leaflets and handouts are scattered here and there, polluting the
environment.
Some people are destroying our earth by overexploiting the natural resources for
immediate interests.
Too many cars running on the streets lead to air pollution and noise pollution.
By using the Internet, we can save our natural resources such as forests. It is
much more environmentally friendly. The traditional form of books consumes too much
wood.

7) 身体健康:health, physical health, healthy, disease, strong, strength,
energetic, energetically,physical fitness(健身),raised awareness of fitness(健
康意识的提高),例如:
Too much viewing of TV will lead people to a sedentary life lacking adequate
exercise, which does harm to their health.
Some people may be addicted to netsurfing, which impairs people’s physical and
mental health. (eyesight, radiation)

8) 安全和危险:safe, safety, safely, in safe, danger, dangerous, in danger, risk,
hazard, hazardous

9) 经验:experience, social experience

10) 发展:
学生学习的发展进步:
cope with the relationship between part-time jobs and study(大学生能否兼顾学
习与工作),practice(如何学习与实践),be prepared for or meet the requirements of
future occupations(如何面对未来职业的要求)。
经济的发展:
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economy, create more jobs, increase the tax base, improve society’s welfare,
the reform and open-up policies(改革开放政策),economic construction(经济建设),
market economy(市场经济),sustainable development(可持续发展),social atmosphere
(良好的社会风气),social stability(社会稳定),public order(社会治安),social
changes or transformations(社会变革),ideas or thoughts(人们的思想观念)。
This exerts a negative impact on one’s study because … occupies much of a
student’s valuable time. A student’s sole task is to make good use of his limited
time to acquire knowledge and skills which are essential to his future career.
Part- time jobs may take up most of students’ valuable time for study and have
a pernicious(有害的)effect on their study and overall development.
It helps develop the economy, because it helps remove the obstacles in the way
of progress and liberate people’s minds.
(新变化,新科技)… created more jobs to release the pressure of unemployment.
… helps to improve the economic strength.

从以上十大通用原因中选择合适的来说明下列题目:
1. 社会实践的必要性
2. 改革四级考试的原因
3. 中国人家用汽车发展的优缺点

五、议论文的思路与练习(3)
我们今天不妨介绍几种简单易行的打开思路的法子,并不深邃,但却简单易行,易于考
生们操作:

1. 分组思考法:
在考虑某种现象的优缺点或影响 的时候,如果发现从这种现象本身无法打开思路,不妨
从它的受众去考虑。
例如在讨论网络的有缺点的时候,我们可以从网络的受众入手,把网络的使用者按照年
龄分为:小孩、中 青年和老人。分别讨论网络对他们的影响,对小孩:增进知识;对中青年:
方便、有效率;对老年人:丰 富生活。这样在写作的时候也比较容易,更会让文章显得条理
清晰。当然,分组的原则除了年龄外,还有 好多别的选择,如职业、性别、国别等等。
根据分组思考法写出下列话题的思路:
1) no pain, no gain
2) the advantages of TV
3) the influence of noise in cities

2. 分层思考法
分层思考法和分组思考法原则很类似,只是划分的方法是按照层次的不同。
例如:在 讨论如何解决全球性缺水的问题的时候,我们可以把解决方法分为:1)政府应
该怎么做:制定相关法律 ;2)社会应该怎么办:鼓励节约用水的精神;3)个人——我,该
怎么办:千里之行,始于足下,从我 做起。当然也可以有另外的一些分层方法。
用分组思考法考虑下列话题并写下自己的思路:
1) 如何解决大学校园里的浪费现象
2) 如何解决人口问题(Problems of Population)
3) 谈论一下举办奥运会的好处

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滴水渐累成沧海,拳石频移成泰山 祝大家顺利过级
3. 举例说明法:
四级考试的考生都是成年人 ,很多是大学生,而且四级考试的题材多是和大家的生活相
关的,所以有的时候用我们生活当中的例子来 说明再好不过了。而且有些作文明确要求考生
举例说明。
例如:Practice Makes Perfect(1997. 1)中就要求大家以英语学习为例说明。

参考范文
As we all know, practice makes perfect. This is an accumulated experience we
inherit from our forefathers, and now it is still widely applied in our daily lives.
It proves that the more we practice, the more likely we are going to do things
perfectly.
A good case in point is the study of English. Take my neighbor, Xiao Wang, as an
example. He seldom spends time learning English. As a result, his English is very
poor and he has begun to hate English now. On the contrary, I’m very interested in
learning English and I spend more than five hours each day on English. So the natural
consequence is that I have a good mastery of the language and my interest in it has
grown more intense.
A lesson that we can draw from the above example is obvious. Practice is crucial
to our success not only in study, but also in our future work. All in all, practice
will make a difference between success and failure. (168 words)
这里我们列出一些经常用到的句子,希望对大家有所帮助:
For example,
For instance,
It can be given as a concrete example that…
Take… as an example. It is a very obvious case.
There is one impressive example I want to mention here.
Let’s see an example.
It is best illustrated using the following example.
Let me provide an example.
Perhaps the most important example of …is that…
As I remember, Even to this day, I still remember that…
I will never forget…
To illustrate this, there is an example that is very persuasive.
An instance that accompanies this reason is that…
An example can give the details of this argument, …
It is a forceful example to demonstrate the importance of…
History presented many examples of…
In order to see this point clearly, let us see an example.
举例说明下列题目:
1) Where there is a will, there is a way
2) Money is not all-powerful
3) the Influence of the Internet





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第十部分.英语谚语警句

Proverbs are the daughters of daily experience.谚语是日常经验的结晶。

1. Look before you thoughts are best. 三思而后行。再想而后行。
2. Great minds think alike; (heroes have similar views.) 英雄所见略同。
3. We shall never have friends if we expect to find them without fault.欲求完美无缺的朋友必然成
为孤家寡人。
4. What you sow, you must mow. 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
5. A beggar can never be bankrupt.天无绝人之路。
6.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
7. No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
8. No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。
9. The more haste, the less speed. Haste makes waste.欲速则不达。
10. Victory belongs to the most persevering. 坚持就是胜利!
11. A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
12. Put one’s foot in one’s mouth. 说话不得体。
13. It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收悔恨已晚木已成舟,回天乏力。
14. Content is better than riches. 知足常乐。
15. No gains without pains. 没有辛苦就没有收获。
16. The more a man knows, the more he is inclined to be modest. 大智若愚。
17. All roads lead to Rome .条条大路通罗马。
18. A snow year, a rich year. 瑞雪兆丰年。
19. Never say die! 永不言败!
20. The best mirror is a friend’s eye. 朋友的眼睛是最好的镜子。
21. Faith will move mountain. 精诚所至,金石为开。
22. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人生没有朋友,犹如生活没有了太阳。
23. Great wits have short memories.贵人多忘事。
24. Do well and have well. 善有善报。
25. A bad thing never dies. 坏事传千年。
26. Four eyes see more than two. 人多识广集思广益。
27. Diligence is the parent of success. 勤劳是成功的根本。
28. Water dropping day by day wears the hardest rock away.滴水穿石。
29. Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。
30. While there is life, there is hope. Debt is better than death. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。有生
命就有希望。
31. Where there is a will, there is a way. 功夫不负有心人。有志者事竟成。
32. Where there is great love, there are always miracles. 哪里有真爱存在,哪里就有奇迹。
33. Where there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。
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34. One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝,
三个和尚没水喝。
35. A stitch in time saves nine. 及时缝一针能省九针。小洞不补,大洞吃苦。
36. Never too old to learn, never too late to turn. 亡羊补牢,为时不晚。
37. Don’t claim to know what you don’t know. 不要不懂装懂。
38. Do in Rome as Roman do. 入乡随俗。
39. Rome was not built in a day. 冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。
40. Sharpening your axe will not delay your job of cutting wood. 磨刀不误砍柴工。
41. Things of a kind come together, people a mind fall into a group. 物以类聚,人以群分。
42. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. 萝卜白菜,各有所爱。
43. like author like book.文如其人。
46. Like for like. 惺惺相息。
47. Like teacher like pupil. 有其师必有其徒。
48. Gods that run many hares kill none.贪多必失。
49. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
50. Actions speak louder than words. 行胜于言。
51. You cannot eat your cake and have it. 鱼与熊掌,不可兼得。
52. One loses by pride and gains by modesty. 满招损,谦受益。
53. Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。
54. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每日一苹果远离医生。
55. Time past cannot be called back again. 时光不倒流。
56. A drop of water cannot make a sea, and a tree cannot make a wood. 滴水不成海,独木不成林。
57. If you venture nothing, you will have nothing. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
tree is known by its fruit. 观其行知其人。
59. All work no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍,聪明的孩子也变傻。
60. The pot calls the kettle black. 五十步笑百步。
61. Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person. 恶有恶报。
62. Today’s work should never be left over till tomorrow. 今日事今日毕。
63. Nothing so bad but might have been worse. 塞翁失马,焉知非福。
64. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。
65. Complacency is the enemy of study. 学习的敌人是自己的满足。
66. A fox may grow gray, but never good.江山易改,本性难移。
67. A friend without faults will never be found. 没有十全十美的朋友。
68. A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。
69. A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书,相伴一生。
70. A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
71. A leopard cannot change its spots.积习难改。
72. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解,自欺欺人。
73. All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席。
74. Justice has long arms. 天网恢恢,疏而不漏。
75.A man becomes learned by asking questions. 不耻下问才能有学问。
76. A man can do no more than he can. 凡事都应量力而行。
77. A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心不能二用。
78. Diamond cuts diamond. 强中自有强中手。
79. Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上,不如落实在行动上。
80. Do it now. 机不可失,时不再来。
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81. It is the unforeseen that always happens. 天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。
82. Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事,今日毕。
83. Do well and have well. 善有善报。
84. Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆,去也匆匆。
85. Every advantage has its disadvantage.有利必有弊。
86. Every day is not Sunday. 好景不常在。
87. Every man has his faults. 金无足赤,人无完人。
88. Every man has his weak side. 人人都有弱点。
89. Every potter praises hit pot. 王婆卖瓜,自卖自夸。
90. Experience must be bought. 吃一堑,长一智。
91. Far from eye, far from heart. 眼不见,心不烦。
92. First come, first served. 先来后到。
93. Judge not from appearances.人不可貌相,海不可斗量。
94. Gold will not buy anything.黄金并非万能。
95. He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
96. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 想不犯错误,就一事无成。
97. Learn not and know not. 不学无术。
98. It is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。
99. It takes three generations to make a gentleman.十年树木,百年树人。
100. It is the first step that costs troublesome. 万事开头难。





87

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randomly-lg公式大全


小学五年级英语教学计划-一尘不染什么意思


侵袭怎么读-gy是什么意思啊


secure-蒜瓣


董事会会议纪要格式-忠厚


ystr-青岛理工大学研究生



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