大学英语四级改革适用阅读模拟试卷291

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷291

(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：8，分数：60.00)

III Reading Comprehension
_______________________ __________________________________________________ _________________
解析：
n A
_________ __________________________________________________ _______________________________
解析：
It seems you always forget—your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when
you are going to the 1, your credit card when you are shopping... Such absent-mindedness may be
2to you. Now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that 3everything the
user sees. The glasses can play back memories 4to help the wearer remember things they have
forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also allow the user to label items
so information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory 5certain
items by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a blank label on a screen inside the
glasses that the user then 6in. It could be used in 7plants by mechanics looking to identify machine
parts or by electricians wiring complicated a device. A spokesman for the project, said: A car
8for instance could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be
identified and repaired. For the 9the system could highlight accident black spots or dangers
on the road. In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, indicating
points of 10or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified. A. later
B. motorists C. moisture D. noticeable E. frustrating F. fills G. dashing H. necessity I. record
J. halts K. cleaners L. mechanic M. industrial N. interest O. identifying
（分数：20.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：K）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：I）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：O）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：M）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：L）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N）
解析：解析：此处应为名词，语义与guided tour有关，只有interest最适合，points of interest意为“景点”。
n B
_____________________________________ __________________________________________________ ___
解析：
Big is Back A) Corporate giants were on the defensive for decades. Now they have the advantage
again. In 1996, in one of his most celebrated phrases, Bill Clinton declared that he era of

big government is over. He might have added that the era of big companies was over, too. The
organisation that defined capitalism for much of the 20th century was then in retreat, attacked
by corporate raiders, annoyed by shareholders and outwitted by entrepreneurs (企业家). Great names
such as Pan Am had disappeared. Others had survived only by huge bloodletting: IBM sacked 122,000
people, a quarter of its workforce, between 1990 and 1995. Everyone agreed that the future lay
with entrepreneurial start-ups such as Yahoo! —which in late 1998 had the same market
capitalisation with 637 employees as Boeing with 230,000. The share of GDP produced by big
industrial companies fell by half between 1974 and 1998, from 36% to 17%. B) Today the balance
of advantage may be shifting again. To a degree, the financial crisis is responsible. It has
destroyed the venture-capital market, the lifeblood of many young firms. Governments have been
rescuing companies they consider too big to fail, such as Citigroup and General Motors. Recession
is squeezing out smaller and less well-connected firms. But there are other reasons too, which
are giving big companies a self-confidence they have not displayed for decades. C) Of course,
big companies never went away. There were still plenty of first-rate ones: Unilever and Toyota
continued to innovate through thick and thin. And not all start-ups were models of success:
Netscape and Enron promised to revolutionise their industries only to crash and burn. Nevertheless,
the balance had shifted in favour of small organisations. The entrepreneurial boom was
supercharged by two developments. Deregulation (撤销管制规定) opened protected markets. Some
national champions, such as AT&T, were broken up. Others saw their markets eaten up by swift- footed
newcomers. The arrival of the personal computer in the 1970s and the internet in the 1990s created
an army of successful start- ups. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computer in 1976 in
the Jobs family's garage. Microsoft and Dell Computer were both founded by teenagers (in 1975
and 1984 respectively). Larry Page and Sergey Brin started Google in Stanford dorm rooms. D) But
deregulation had already begun to go out of fashion before the financial crisis. The Sarbanes-Oxley
act, introduced after Enron collapsed in disgrace, increased the regulatory burden on companies
of all sizes, but what could be borne by the big could cripple the small. Many of today's most
dynamic industries are much more friendly to big companies than the IT industry. Research in
biotechnology is costly and often does not bear fruit for years. Natural-resource companies, whose
importance grows as competition for resources intensifies, need to be big—hence the mining
industry's consolidation. E) Two further developments are shifting the balance of advantage in
favour of size. One is a heightened awareness of the risks of subcontracting (转包合同). Toy
companies and pet- food firms alike have found that their brands can be hurt if their suppliers
turn out goods of poor quality. Big industrial companies have learned that their production cycles
can be broken up if contractors are not up to the mark. Boeing, once a champion of subcontracting,
has been forced to take over slow suppliers. A second is the emergence of companies that have
discovered how to be entrepreneurial as well as big. These giants are getting better at minimising
the costs of size (such as longer, more complex chains of managerial command) while exploiting
its advantages (such as presence in several markets and access to a large talent pool). Cisco
Systems is pioneering the use of its own video technology to improve communications between its
employees. IBM has carried out several company-wide brainstorming exercises, recently involving
more than 150,000 people, that have encouraged it to put more emphasis, for example, on green
computing. Disney has successfully taken Pixar's creative magic. F) You might suppose that the
return of the mighty, now better equipped to crush the competition, is something to worry about.
Not necessarily. Big is not always ugly just as small is not always beautiful. Most entrepreneurs

dream of turning their start-ups into giants (or at least of selling them to giants for a fortune).
There is a symbiosis (互利合作关系) between large and small. Cloud computing would not provide
young firms with access to huge amounts of computer power if big companies had not created giant
servers. Biotech start-ups would go bust were they not given work by giants with deep pockets.
G) The most successful economic ecosystems contain a variety of big and small companies: Silicon
Valley boasts long- established names as well as an ever-changing array of start-ups. America's
economy has been more dynamic than Europe's in recent decades not just because it is better at
giving birth to companies but also because it is better at letting them grow. Only 5% of European
Union companies born since 1980 have made it into the list of the 1,000 biggest in the EU by market
blessing
a be well could giants the of return The H) 22%. is figure the America, In capitalisation.
for the world economy—but only if business people and policymakers avoid certain mistakes.
Businesses should not admire size blindly, particularly if this means diversifying into a lot
of unrelated areas. The model of joint business may be tempting when cash is hard to find. But
the moment will not last. By and large, the most successful big firms focus on their core businesses.
I) Policymakers should both resist an instinctive suspicion of big companies and avoid the old
error of embracing national champions. It is bad enough that governments have diverted resources
into supporting failing companies such as General Motors. It would be even more regrettable if
they were to return to picking winners. The best use of their energies is to remove the burdens
and barriers which prevent entrepreneurs from starting businesses and turning small companies
into big ones.（分数：20.00）
(1).Boeing realized that subcontracting could threaten its production cycle.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E）
解析： 解析：根据专有名词Boeing及难词subcontracting可定位至E段第4、5句。第5句提到的 Boeing是为了说明
上一句提到的承包商达不到标准对一些公司的影响，本题的threaten its production cycle与原文的their production
cycles can be broken up意思相近，故E为本题出处。
(2).The policy maker should force on removing the barriers that hinder entrepreneurs from starting
businesses instead of supporting the big companies.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：I）
解析： 解析：本题与政府的决策有关，全文只有在最后两段提到相关信息。其中I段最后一句提出建议，“最好的策略< br>是……”，所述与本题基本相符，而该段前面就提到了不要一味地支持大企业，故本题出处在I段。
(3).Silicon Valley is considered to be a successful economic ecosystem in that it contains both
giant and small companies.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：G）
解析：解析：根据专有名词Silicon Valley及economic ecosystem定 位至G段首句。该句前半句说一个成功的经济生
态系统应该包括不同的大小企业；而后半句则说硅谷既有 久负盛名的企业，也拥有一系列新企业，符合前半句说的标准，
故本题信息与原文相符。
(4).The deregulation policy and numerous successful start-ups created by personal computer have
help boosted the entrepreneurial boom.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C）
解析：解析：本题的关键词是entrepreneurial bo om“创业潮”。与此相关的信息在C段。该段第5句提到有两件事情
加速了“创业潮”。一是管制规定 的撤销开放了受保护的市场，二是由个人电脑及网络的诞生造就的一大批成功的新企
业。本题是对这两个 因素的概括。
(5).The end of the venture-capital market has been brought about by the financial crisis.（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：B）
解析：解析：根据关键词venture-capital market及financial crisis定位至B段第2、3句。第3句首的It指代上
一句的financial crisis，该句所述与本题相符，故本题出处在B段。
(6).Due to the corporate raiders' attack, shareholder's annoyance and new entrepreneurs' rise,
some household names have collapsed or decayed.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）
解析： 解析：本题有关大型企业的倒闭或衰落，文章的A、C两段有相关信息。再根据corporate raiders及shareholder's
annoyance等信息可定位至A段第4、5句， 其中第4句分述了造成大企业倒闭的三方面，与本题所述相符，故A为本题
出处。
(7).By and large, the most successful big companies focus on their core businesses and will give
up the model of joint business.（分数：2.00）
）H（正确答案：正确答案：1:__________________ 填空项．
解析：解析：根据core、businesses及joint business可定位至H段最后三句。倒数第2、3句否定了joint business
的模式 ，最后一句则与题目意思一致，说成功的企业会专注于其核心业务，故本题出处在H段。
(8).It is not necessary to worry about the revival of the big company in that big company is not
always ugly.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：F）
解析：解析：根根big company is not always ugly可定位至F段前三句。该部分提到作者指出没有必要(Not necessarily)
去担 忧大企业的回归，大企业并不都是好的，正如小企业并不总是美好的一样。本题概括了前三句的内容，故F段是本
题出处。
(9).It usually takes many years for the biotechnology industry to produce fruit.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：D）
解析：解析：根据biotechnology industry及produce fruit可定位到D段倒数第2句。该句中的doesnot
bear fruit for years与题目中的takes many years…to produce fruit意思相近，两句意思一致，故D段为本题出
处。
(10).Cloud computing has enabled young firms to substantially enhance their computer power.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：F）
解析：解析：根据Cloud computing定位至F段倒数第 2句。该句提到了“云计算”的功用，该句暗示“云计算”也能
为年轻的公司提供强大的计算能力，这与 本题所述相符，F段为本题出处。
n C
____________________ __________________________________________________ ____________________
解析：
The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving
self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting
that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating.
You are easily annoyed, bothered, and irritated. Patience adds a dimension of ease and acceptance
to your life. It's essential for inner peace. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart
to the present moment, even if you don't like it If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an
appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before
your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good
time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things,
being late is small stuff. Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with
deliberate practice. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create
actual practice periods—periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience.

Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little
as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly
amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while,
immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those special qualities
where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone (里程碑)—five minutes of
successful patience—you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even
for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person. Being patient will
help you to keep your perspective. You'll see even a difficult situation, say your present
challenge, isn't life or death but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with Without
patience, the same scenario can become a major emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt
feelings, and high blood pressure.（分数：10.00）
(1).In the first paragraph, the expression uilding a mental snowball can be best replaced by
_____.（分数：2.00）
ing a big snowball
ng a result calmly

a deep breath
your patience √
解析：解析：词义推测题。句中短语keep…from有助于理解考点的意义，building a mental snowball是一种暗喻，
作者想表达人的情绪像滚雪球似的积聚直至失控之意，根 据上下文可判断出该表达法在此处的意义为选项D。本文的主
题是patience，而选项A、B、C 都与主题无关。
(2).The main idea of the first paragraph is that _____.（分数：2.00）
takes a long time to cultivate patience
ce is very important for us √
ce is essential for inner peace
late is small stuff
解析：解析：主旨大意题。本段的第1句为主题句，理解go a long way toward是 解题的关键，该短语意为“对……
大有帮助”，并不是“花长时间”的意思，因此，选项B为正确选项， 而选项A对go a long way
toward理解错误。选项C和D都只是该段中心思想的片断，概括不够全面。
(3).It's implied in the second paragraph that_____.（分数：2.00）
quality of patience is very hard to cultivate
ce should become a school course
'll get more than expected from practicing patience √
quality of patience will lead you to success
解析：解析：推理判断题 。从第2段最后两句可以推断出正确答案应为选项C。选项A与本段第1句意思相反。本段第
3句虽有提 到classroom和curriculum等与学习有关的词语，但它们是一种暗喻，不能因此推断选项B。 选项D最具干
扰性，因为倒数第2句有success一词，但只要对该句理解正确，就能排除此选项了 。
(4).People without patience will treat the challenge as _____.（分数：2.00）
A.a minor thing
B.a matter of life or death √
small stuff
D.a great chance
解析：解析：事实细节题。本题考查 对比处。第3段开头将有耐心和没耐心的两种人在面对困境时的态度进行对比，可
以推断选项B为正确选 项。根据同一段可发现其他三个选项都是有耐心的人面对困境时的态度。

(5).The purpose of this passage is to _____.（分数：2.00）
de people to be more patient √
how to practice patience
the advantages of patience
the importance of patience
解析：解析：主旨大意题。作者通过阐明耐心的重要性，如何培养耐心和拥有耐心 的好处来劝说读者要更加耐心，由此
可见选项A正确。选项B、C和D分别只是文章三个段落的大意，而 并非对全文主题的概括。
Languages will continue to diverse. Even if English were to become the universal language, it
would still take many different forms. Indeed the same could happen to English as has happened
to Chinese: a language of intellectuals which doesn't vary hugely alongside a large number of
variations used by local peoples. We will continue to teach other languages in some form, and
not just for reasons of practical use. Learning a language is good for your mental health; it
forces you to understand another cultural and intellectual system. So I hope British education
will develop a more rational approach to the foreign languages available to students in line with
their political importance. Because so many people believe it's no longer important to know another
language, I fear that time devoted to language teaching in schools may well continue to decline.
But you can argue that learning another language well is more exhausting than, say, learning to
play chess well—it involves sensitivity to a set of complicated rules, and also to context.
Technology will certainly make a difference to the use of foreign languages. Computers may, for
instance, relieve the hard work that a vast translation represents. But no one who has seen a
computer translation will think it can substitute for live knowledge of the different languages.
A machine will always be behind the times. Still more important is the fact that no computer will
ever get at the associations beyond the words associations that may not be expressed but which
carry much of the meaning. In languages like Arabic that context is very important Languages come
with heavy cultural baggage too—in French or German if you miss the cultural references behind
a word you're very likely to be missing the meaning. It will be very hard to teach all that to
a computer. All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the
world's population in the 21st century. I don't think foreign languages will really become less
important, but they might be perceived to be—and that would in the end be—a very bad thing.（分数：10.00）
(1).Which of the following statements about Chinese is true?（分数：2.00）
e will soon become the universal language.
e is a language of intellectuals.
are many dialects in Chinese. √
e will be regarded as important as English.
解析：解析：推理判断题。本题考查复合句的理解。 本题最大的干扰选项是B，理解第1段最后一句是关键。可以先把
定语从句和分词结构去掉，剩下的就是 对Chinese的完整描述，即：a language of
intellectuals alongside a large number of variations，由此可见，选项B过于片面。A项与首段第2句不符，D
项未提及。
(2).According to the second paragraph, the author may most probably agree that _____.（分数：2.00）
languages should be taught principally for practical reasons
ng a language is to know a country's cultural and intellectual system √
h education has a rational approach to the teaching of foreign languages
ng another language well is too exhausting and complicated
解析：解析：观点态度题。本题其实是要 求判断说法的正误。第2段的第2句表明了作者的态度，也就是选项B。选项

A、C都与 原文的陈述不符，选项D不是作者的观点。
(3).The worst disadvantage of computer translation is that_____.（分数：2.00）
expressions used in it are always behind the times
can only be used in the translation of certain languages
cannot replace live knowledge of the different languages
can never express the implied meanings beyond word associations √
解析：解析：推理判断题。本题考查强对比处。第3段第5句中的Still more import ant是答题的关键，表明紧接着
的才是计算机翻译最大的缺点，而前面提到的都不是最严重的，由此可 推断选项A和C不对，而选项B在文中并无相关
细节支持。
(4).By saying languages come with heavy cultural baggage, the author means that_____.（分数：2.00）
unnecessary cultural background blocks the understanding of a language
B.a language usually contains important cultural traditions and custom √
is a burden for a language learner to understand the related culture
understanding of a language is affected by the various contexts it is in
解析：解析：词义推断题。本题主要考查b aggage一词的理解。baggage带有“惯例、传统”的意思，但这个意思并不
包括在考纲词汇 里。baggage虽有“包袱、累赘”之义，但从文中可见，baggage是与前一句中的context同 样重要的
东西，都能影响对语言的理解，因此，作者使用这个词并无贬义，由此可否定选项A和C。从b aggage后的too一词可
推断，baggage是与context不同的影响理解语言的因素， 由此也可否定选项D。
(5).The author thinks it would be a bad thing if_____.（分数：2.00）
h is spoken by fewer people in the 21st century

n languages become less important in the 21st century
h is not as important as foreign languages in the 21st century
n languages are regarded as less important in the 21st century √
解析：解析：事实细节题。本题考查含有插入成分的句子的理解。最后一段最后一句中的a very bad thing是两个不
同句子中的表语，应把句子重新整理为“but they might be perceived to be a very bad thing，andthat would in
the end be a very bad thing too”，而且只有选项D中的regard表达了perceive的意思，因此可以确定选项D正确。