杏林的含义-neck是什么意思中文翻译
1. 在中国,喝茶是一种仪式(ritual),一种精致品味(refined
taste)的展示。人们在饮茶
的同时,也领略着(take delight in)品茶的情趣之
意。喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打
发时间的方式。过去,他们是以进有名的茶馆(teahouse)
而开始一天的生活的。中国
的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶,也是
为了议论
当地的新闻或对政治话题进行激烈的(furious)争论。
2. 在中国,中小学教育需要花费12年的时间来完成,分为小学、初中和高中三个阶段。
小
学教育持续5年或6年。在初中阶段,大多数学生上3年制初中,极少数上4年制。
几乎98%的学生在
前一种学校入学。在小学和初中的9年教育属于义务教育。普通高中
教育持续3年时间,在整个义务教育
阶段,学生要求在每学期末参加期末考试。
3. 旅游业是最近二十年来在世界
各地迅速发展的一个经济部门,现在正引起中国公众愈来
愈大的注意。许多人给报社写信,就促进中国的
旅游业的发展提出了种种建议。人们的
看法是,发展旅游业将有助于促进中国人民和其他国家人们之间的
相互了解,增进友谊,
并将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流,还会有助于为中国的伟大事业积累资金
。
4. 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的民间艺术形式
之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的
历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing D
ynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化
居家环境,特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰
门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。
剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受
欢迎,经常被用
作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
5.
过去的七年,中国的房地产(real estate)业经历前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较
低
却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说,高昂的房价是
他们无法承受的负担
。鉴于这一状况,政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增
长,包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目
前,这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。
6. 如今,越来越多的大学
生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下:首先,大学
生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科
学习上,只有当他们开始找工作的时候,才意
识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次,大学生之间的竞争也
越来越激烈,这导致任何一
名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此,强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一兼
职工作,
以积累相关的工作经验。
7. 旅游业是现代发展最快的产业
之一。的确,旅游业的增长率通常超过全球经济的增长率。
旅游业发展成为一个大规模的产业,依靠的是
快速廉价的现代化交通工具。例如,国际旅游
业发展最快的时期正是航空运输业的发展时期。
旅游业不仅有利于航空公司、旅馆、餐饮、出租车等行业,而且还有利于许多商业机构,
甚至有利于旅游
商品的制造业。旅游业不是一个单一性行业,而是由向游客提供各种服务的
许多不同行业
所组成的综合型行业。
8. 中国园林可分为御花园和私家花园两大类。前者多
见于北方,后者则居地南方,尤以苏
州、无锡和南京等地为甚。南方私家花园中的溪、桥、山、亭(pa
vilion),小巧玲珑,布局精
明,尽显其自然美,令人赏心悦目。园内的小溪虽占地不多,却同小
桥与石屿相得益彰,浑
然一体。石头与假山是中国南方园林的特色。巨大的石头可自成一景,而较小的石
块则堆积
成假山,为园林增添无比魅力。
9. 上海是中国重要的经济
、金融、贸易、科技、信息和文化中心。作为一座历史文化名城,
上海以她独特的风韵吸引了数以百万计
的海内外游客。上海同时也是美食家的乐园
(cherished paradise
gourmets),尤其是上海的本帮菜(local cuisine),特别受到海外人士的青睐。
最引人入胜的建筑当属黄浦江畔的东方明珠塔。登上观光层,或俯视浦江对岸的外滩(Bund)
万国
建筑博览群,或举目鸟瞰全市,无限风光,尽收眼底,令人心旷神怡(endless soothing
vistas),流连忘返。
10. 最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出
现一种倾向,这就是毕业生越来越青睐在公司工作。很
少人愿意到研究单位。在崇尚物质的社会(mat
erialistic society)里,这是一个不可避免的问题。
因为在那里工作要比研究领域
里好找,工资往往也高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业
观,而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹,现
在纯为了学知识而学习的人越来越少了。
11.
中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如,我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat
Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天,人们通常要赛龙舟,吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满(completeness),象征着家庭团聚。因此,<
br>中秋节(the Mid-autumn
Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the
Chinese
lunar New Year’s holiday),除了常见的家禽(poultry)和肉类之外,人们
还要按各自的
地方习俗烹制传统食物,如饺子和年糕。
12. 北京有
无数的胡同(hutong)、平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。
北京的胡同不仅
仅是平民百姓的生活环境,而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常,胡同内有一个大
杂院(courtyard
complex),房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以,胡同里的生活
充满了友善和人情
味。如今,随着社会和经济的飞速发展,很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。
但愿胡同可以保留下来。
13. 现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四他们开始找工作了,其余的学生
总是忙于学习,
而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部,不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动,不愿与他们的朋友玩
玩,
不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。他们学习太紧张,几乎没有时间好好品尝生活,干些其他事,
成为一个全面发展的人。读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。
14.
1. Tea drinking in China
is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined
taste. While drinking tea,
people also take
delight in he essence of tea itself. Chatting over
a pot of tea is a very popular way
of pastime
among Chinese. In the past, they would start the
day with a visit to a well-known
teahouse.
Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of
French cafes and English pubs. People
come
here not just for tea, but also to discuss local
news or to have furious political debates.
2. In China, primary and secondary
education takes 12 years to complete, divided into
primary,
junior secondary and senior secondary
stages. Primary education lasts either five or six
years. At
junior secondary stage, most have
three-year schooling with a tiny part of four-
year. Almost 98
percent of students are
enrolled in the former schools. The nine-year
schooling in primary and
junior secondary
schools belongs to compulsory education. General
senior secondary education
lasts for three
years. Throughout the whole process of compulsory
education, students are required
to take final
examinations at the end of each semester.
3. Tourism, a fast developing economic
sector over the last two decades in all parts of
the world, is
now receiving increasing
attention among he Chinese public. Many people
have written to the
press, making suggestions
for the promotion of tourism in China. It is
believed that the
development of tourism will
help promote mutual understanding and friendship
between the
people of China and other
countries, and facilities in the field of culture,
science and technology.
Moreover, it will help
accumulate for China’s great cause.
4. Paper cutting is one of China’s most
popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper
cutting has a
history of more than 1,500
years. It was widespread particularly during the
Ming and Qing
Dynasties. People often beautify
their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring
Festival and
wedding celebrations, in
particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate
doors, windows and rooms
in order to enhance
the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently
used in paper cutting is red,
which symbolizes
health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is
very popular around the world
and it is often
given as a present to foreign friends.
5. In the past seven years, China’s real
estate industry has developed in a record high
speed. For
those who earn less but are eager
to own a decent and comfortable place of their own
in a big city,
the high housing price is a
heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this
reason, the government
has taken a series of
measures to prevent the housing price from rising
too fast, including raising
interest rates and
increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently,
these measures have achieved
initial effects
in some cities.
6. nowadays, more
and more university students complain about having
great difficulties in
finding a good job. The
reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First,
college students
spend most of their
time at school studying academic subjects and it
is only when they start
looking for a job that
they realize they lack necessary job training.
Second, competition
among graduates has become
more and more fierce. And this results in a
decreased chance for
any individual graduate
to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested
that college students
should do some part-time
jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant
working experience.
7. The tourist
industry has been one of the fastest growing
industries in modern times. Indeed, the
growth
rate of tourism has generally exceeded the growth
rate for the worldwide economy. The
development of tourism as a mass industry
depends on modern means of rapid and inexpensive
transportation. For example, the greatest
growth in international tourism has paralleled the
growth
of air transportation.
Tourism
benefits not only airlines, hotels, restaurants,
and taxi drivers, among others, but also
many
commercial establishments and even the
manufacturers of tourist commodities. The tourist
industry is not a single entity, but one that
consists of many different kinds of enterprises
that offer
different services to the traveler,
including transportation, accommodations,
catering, guiding and
interpretation.
8. Chinese gardens can be divided into
two major categories, namely, imperial and private
gardens.
The former are seen mostly in
northern China, while the latter are easily found
in the south,
especially in Suzhou, Wuxi and
Nanjing. The streams, bridges, hills and pavilions
of a private
Chinese garden are small and
delicate, cleverly laid out and pleasing to the
eye, exhibiting a
natural beauty of their own.
Streams in these gardens usually cover limited
space, but are in
perfect match with bridges
and stones to yield a uniformed effect. Rocks and
artificial hills are
special features of
southern Chinese gardens. Large stones form
sceneries of their own, while
smaller ones are
gathered to create artificial hills, contributing
to the charm of the gardens.
9.
Shanghai is China’s important center of economy,
finance, trade, science and technology,
information and culture. As a noted historic
and cultural city, Shanghai attracts millions of
tourists
from home and abroad with its unique
charm. Shanghai is also a cherished paradise
gourmets; its
local cuisine enjoys
particularity among overseas visitors. The most
attractive work of architecture
is no other
than the Oriental Pearl Tower standing by the bank
of the Huangpu River. Mounting
the observation
floor and looking around, you’ll admire the view
of the famous Bund lined up
with a dazzling
exhibition of international architecture across
the Huangpu River and charming
skyline of the
city in the distance, taking delight in the
endless soothing vistas that you’ll find
difficult to turn away from.
10.
A recent phenomenon in the choice of careers on
the part of college graduates is the increasing
trend towards big companies. Few are
interested in research fields. This is an
unavoidable problem
in a materialistic society
where tempting salaries and fringe benefits are
offered by big companies.
All this has not
only seriously influenced young people’s view on
the choice of careers but on
education
as well. Many college teachers deplore that fewer
and fewer students these days acquire
knowledge only for its own sake.
11. Traditional Chinese holiday meals are
indispensable on some festivals. For example, the
Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in
memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people
usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi,
or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn
Festival is an occasion for viewing the full
moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness
and family reunion. The special food of the
day is Yuebing, a round cake known as the
mooncake.
The Spring Festival is the Chinese
lunar New Year’s holiday. Besides the poultry and
meat, people
cook traditional food according
to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or
boiled dumplings, and
niangao, or the “new
year cake”.
12. In Beijing, there
are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in
hutong brings endless
charm to the ancient
capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not
only the living environment of
common people
but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is
a courtyard complex inside
hutong, with rooms
shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people.
Therefore, life in hutongs is full
of
friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with
rapid social and economic development,
many
hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope
hutongs can be preserved.
13.
College students now bear heavy academic pressure.
You will find them---- except seniors
who are
beginning to look for a job--- always too busy in
studies to join campus organizations too
busy
to take part in sports and other extracurricular
activities too busy to share the interests of
their friends and too busy to pay attention to
anything that is not connected with their studies.
They study so hard that they have hardly had
time to savor life and to pursue other interests
to
grow as well-rounded people. The pursuit of
college education costs them too much personal
happiness and health.
14.
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